The intercondylar notch has been an anatomic site of interest as it lodges the anterior cruciate ligament. The objectives of the present study were to study the morphology and morphometry of femoral intercondylar notch in cadaveric dry bones with emphasis on its clinical implications.The present investigation was performed by using 97 dry femora. The parameters like intercondylar notch width, intercondylar notch depth, condylar width and condylar depth were measured. The shapes of intercondylar notch were also analyzed. The measurements were compared statistically with respect to right and sides and were tabulated. It was observed that the intercondylar notch was having inverted ‘U’ shape morphology in 71 (73.2%) specimens and it was inverted ‘V’ shaped in 26 (26.8%) cases. The mean intercondylar notch width, intercondylar notch depth, condylar width and condylar depth were 11.9 ± 2.7 mm, 26.3 ± 2.4 mm, 72.9 ± 5.3 mm and 57.3 ± 4.3 mm, respectively. It was observed that there was no statistical significance difference observed (p > 0.05) between the right and left sides. The notch width index and notch depth index were determined as 0.25 and 0.46, respectively. The morphometry data of the present study could provide importance to the orthopedicians in prevention and management of knee injuries. We believe that the present study has provided additional information on this subject and these data might be of use to the clinicians who are involved in the diagnosis and management of knee problems.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament

The objectives of the present study were to find the prevalence of foramen of Vesalius and to discuss its morphology. The embryological basis of this foramen and its surgical highlights are emphasized. The study comprised 78 human adult dried skulls, which were obtained from the anatomy laboratory of our institution. The greater wing of the sphenoid bone was macroscopically observed for the presence of foramen of Vesalius. It was observed that the foramen was present in 29 skulls (37.2%). It was seen bilaterally in 13 (16.7%) skulls and unilaterally in 16 (20.5%) specimens.Anatomical literature has explained the variation of this foramen by the developmental considerations. We believe that the details of this foramen are known to have significant implications for the medical and surgical literature. The details are also enlightening to the clinical anatomists and other broad specialties of medicine.This sphenoidal emissary foramen contains a bridging vein, which connects the pterygoid venous plexus with the cavernous sinus. This communication is clinically important, since an extra cranial infection may sometimes reach the cavernous sinus through this foramen, which may lead to cavernous sinus thrombosis. Foramen of Vesalius can get injured during the trigeminal nerve block technique performed for the trigeminal neuralgia. In this procedure, the foramen can get hurt by a displaced instrument, which would end up in intracranial bleeding, which can spread the extracranal infection into the cavernous sinus. This may lead to serious disorders like Tolosa Hunt and Gradenigo syndromes. Keywords: Foramen ovale, middle cranial fossa, morphology, skull base, sphenoid bone
Sphenoid Bon

The objective was to study the morphology and morphometry of transverse ligament of the knee joint in south Indian population. The present study included 53 formalin fixed foetuses which were obtained from the department of Anatomy. There were 106 knee joints which were available for the present study. A vernier caliper of 0.02 mm accuracy was used to measure the length of the transverse ligament. Among our specimens, transverse ligament of the knee was observed in 87.7% of the cases. It was observed bilaterally in 81.1% of cases. The double transverse ligaments were not observed in any of our specimens. The mean length of the transverse ligament measured 3.7 ± 1.5 mm. The statistically significant difference was not observed between the right and left sided transverse ligaments or gender with regard to its length (Student's t test; p > 0.05). The morphological and morphometric data related to the transverse ligament of the knee in human foetuses have not been reported. The present study provides additional information on the morphology and morphometry of the transverse ligament in human foetuses. We believe that the data of the present study will provide support to the foetal anatomy, concerning the surgical procedures and arthroscopy of the knee joint. The findings are enlightening not only for Orthopedic Surgeons, but also for the Morphologists and Embryologists.