STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of distinct distal fusion levels on spinopelvic parameters in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion surgery. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The distal fusion level selection in treatment of AIS is the one of milestone to effect on surgical outcome. Most of the paper focused on the coronal deformity correction and balance. The literature have lack of knowledge about spinopelvic changing after surgical treatment and the relation with distal fusion level. We evaluate the spinopelvic and pelvic parameter alteration after fusion surgery in treatment of AIS. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with AIS (88 females and 12 males) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were assigned into the following three groups according to the distal fusion level: lumbar 2 (L2), lumbar 3 (L3), and lumbar 4 (L4). Using a lateral plane radiograph of the whole spine, spinopelvic angular parameters such as thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic tilt (PT) were radiologically assessed. RESULTS: The mean age was 15±2.4 years, and the mean follow-up period was 24.27±11.69 months. Regarding the lowest instrumented vertebra, patients were categorized as follows: 30 patients in L2 (group 1), 40 patients in L3 (group 2), and 30 patients in L4 (group 3). TK decreased from 36.60±13.30 degrees preoperatively to 26.00±7.3 degrees postoperatively in each group (p=0.001). LL decreased from 52.8±9.4 degrees preoperatively to 44.30±7.50 degrees postoperatively (p=0.001). Although PI showed no difference preoperatively among the groups, it was statistically higher postoperatively in group 3 than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, in group 2, PI decreased from 50.60±8.74 degrees preoperatively to 48.00±6.84 degrees postoperatively (p=0.027). SS decreased from 35.20±6.40 degrees preoperatively to 33.40±5.80 degrees postoperatively (p=0.08, p>0.05). However, mean SS was significantly higher in group 3 (p=0.042, p < 0.05). PT decreased from 15.50±7.90 degrees preoperatively to 15.2±7.10 degrees postoperatively. The positive relationship (28.5%) between LL and PI measurements was statistically significant (r=0.285; p=0.004, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the positive relationship (36.5%) between LL and SS measurements was statistically significant (r=0.365; p=0.001, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: When the distal instrumentation level in AIS surgery is below L3, a significant change in PT and SS (pelvic parameters) is anticipated.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; Spine

Background: Our primary goal was to utilize pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) to demonstrate the early alterations in the pulmonary vascular area in individuals with prior COVID-19 illness who had not undergone hospitalization. Methods: In total, 201 patients with prior COVID-19 infection without hospitalization and 195 healthy, age- and sexmatched individuals without a history of COVID-19 disease were included in this prospective analysis. The PAS value for each patient was calculated by dividing the mean peak pulmonary flow velocity by the pulmonary flow acceleration time. Results: The measured PAS was 10.2 ± 4.11 Hz/msec in post–COVID-19 participants and 8.56 ± 1.47 Hz/msec in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, pulmonary artery acceleration time was significantly lower in patients with a prior history of COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that PAS was significantly connected to a prior COVID-19 illness (odds ratio, 1.267; 95% confidence interval, 1.142–1.434; P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff point for detecting a prior COVID-19 disease for PAS was 10.1 (sensitivity, 70.2%; specificity, 87.7%). Conclusions This might be the first investigation to reveal that patients with a history of COVID-19 had higher PAS values compared to those without COVID-19. The results of the investigation may indicate the need of regular follow up of COVID-19 patients for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, especially during the post–COVID-19 interval.

Background: Our primary goal was to utilize pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) to demonstrate the early alterations in the pulmonary vascular area in individuals with prior COVID-19 illness who had not undergone hospitalization. Methods: In total, 201 patients with prior COVID-19 infection without hospitalization and 195 healthy, age- and sexmatched individuals without a history of COVID-19 disease were included in this prospective analysis. The PAS value for each patient was calculated by dividing the mean peak pulmonary flow velocity by the pulmonary flow acceleration time. Results: The measured PAS was 10.2 ± 4.11 Hz/msec in post–COVID-19 participants and 8.56 ± 1.47 Hz/msec in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, pulmonary artery acceleration time was significantly lower in patients with a prior history of COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that PAS was significantly connected to a prior COVID-19 illness (odds ratio, 1.267; 95% confidence interval, 1.142–1.434; P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff point for detecting a prior COVID-19 disease for PAS was 10.1 (sensitivity, 70.2%; specificity, 87.7%). Conclusions This might be the first investigation to reveal that patients with a history of COVID-19 had higher PAS values compared to those without COVID-19. The results of the investigation may indicate the need of regular follow up of COVID-19 patients for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, especially during the post–COVID-19 interval.

Background: Our primary goal was to utilize pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) to demonstrate the early alterations in the pulmonary vascular area in individuals with prior COVID-19 illness who had not undergone hospitalization. Methods: In total, 201 patients with prior COVID-19 infection without hospitalization and 195 healthy, age- and sexmatched individuals without a history of COVID-19 disease were included in this prospective analysis. The PAS value for each patient was calculated by dividing the mean peak pulmonary flow velocity by the pulmonary flow acceleration time. Results: The measured PAS was 10.2 ± 4.11 Hz/msec in post–COVID-19 participants and 8.56 ± 1.47 Hz/msec in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, pulmonary artery acceleration time was significantly lower in patients with a prior history of COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that PAS was significantly connected to a prior COVID-19 illness (odds ratio, 1.267; 95% confidence interval, 1.142–1.434; P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff point for detecting a prior COVID-19 disease for PAS was 10.1 (sensitivity, 70.2%; specificity, 87.7%). Conclusions This might be the first investigation to reveal that patients with a history of COVID-19 had higher PAS values compared to those without COVID-19. The results of the investigation may indicate the need of regular follow up of COVID-19 patients for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, especially during the post–COVID-19 interval.

INTRODUCTIONA subungual exostosis (SE) is a bony overgrowth that is permanently attached to the tip of the distal phalanx. Its pathology differs from osteocartilaginous exostoses in that it mainly involves the overgrowth of normal bone, which may present beneath the toenail or on the sides of the toe. This retrospective study aimed to report the results of surgical treatment when the diagnosis of SE was delayed; the condition was initially considered to be another pathology affecting a different nail or the terminal toe.

METHODSA total of 17 patients (12 female, five male) were included in the study. All surgical resections were performed by the same surgeon using the same surgical technique, with the patient under digital anaesthesia. The patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively (on Weeks 1 and 6, the first year, and the last follow-up visit) using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale score.

RESULTSThe patients underwent surgery for SE removal between December 2009 and October 2012. Their mean age was 21.3 ± 4.4 (range 14-29) years and the mean follow-up period was 27.1 ± 7.8 (range 18-45) months. Clinical or radiological recurrence was not observed in any of the patients during the follow-up period. Four patients had superficial infections, which were treated using appropriate antibiotic therapies.

CONCLUSIONAs SE is an uncommon benign lesion, its diagnosis may be delayed. Radiography may be useful in obtaining a differential diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Cartilage ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exostoses ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nail Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Nails ; surgery ; Orthopedics ; methods ; Pain Measurement ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult