Children with impaired hearing have communication and learning difficulty due to delay in the development of receptive and expression communications. Communication difficulties can often lead to social isolation and poor self-estimation. Oral health status in children with impaired hearing tends to be poor due to several reasons as difficulty of adequate training of caregiving parents, parents luck of information and effort. Aim: To study oral health status and oral education level among students of special school №29 for disabled children.A cross-sectional descriptive study. 224 students aged 6-22 years were selected for this study. Participants were subjected to oral examination and were asked to answer to the questionnairePrevalence of caries and DMFT index, dental plague, occlusion and the oral education levels were assessed. The caries prevalence was 95.9%, and the mean DMFT index was 5.5. Dental plaques were identified in 31.7-49.2% of subjects differing among age groups. Among examined children, 32% of subjects had a malocclusion and 18 children underwent cleft lip palate surgical treatment. According to questionnaire 21% of subjects reported that tooth brushing is not significant measure to maintain oral health, which shows that oral education level among subjects was low. Oral health status of children with impaired hearing was in a level comparable to that of healthy children, although the incidence of cleft lip and palate and gingivitis were higher.

: Background: According to the statistics, Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are the second of the leading five diseases among Mongolians, with an estimated 20% of GIDs by pathological diagnosis in 2022. Additionally, esophageal adenocarcinoma is ranked in the 4^th of the 10 most common cancer. Esophageal adenocarcinoma and its predispositions, and pathological changes are mostly located lower part of esophagus. Barret’s esophagus (BE) is consequences of goblet cell replaces the stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. If BE transfers to the dysplasia, its probability of carcinogenesis is 30-125 times higher, and 0.8% of dysplastic patients with BE diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Pathologists play a critical role in confirming the diagnosis of BE and BE-associated dysplasia. Goblet cells are almost always identifiable on routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections with Alcian blue (at pH 2.5). Purpose: To diagnose the esophageal biopsies via pathological immunohistochemical assay. Methods and materials: We investigated 130 biopsies in 2017-2019 years from NFCH, and 254 biopsies in SSCH. Result A total of 384 biopsies were collected from both national central hospitals and hematoxylin and eosin-stained results were Barret’s esophagus (50 biopsy or 13%), followed by dysplasia (66 or 17%), GERD (55 or 14%), squamous cell carcinoma (49 or 13%), chronic erosive lesions (41 or 11%), chronic esophagitis (40 or 10%), polyp (19 or 5%), adenocarcinoma (15 or 4%), acute esophageal erosion (5 or 1%), hyperplastic polyp (36 or 9%), and were others (8 or 2%), respectively.
As a result of immunohistochemical re staining of 50 biopsies with BE, Alcian blue were 87,8% and PAS were 97,4%.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) composes up to 28% of the esophageal disorders, and diagnosis of GERD is associated with a 10-15% of risk of Barrett’s esophagus, change of normal squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus to a columnar-lined intestinal metaplasia. It is reported that gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are the second out of five leading diseases in ambulatory diagnosed diseases and in 2022, esophageal adenocarcinoma is ranked in the fourth of the 10 most prevalent cancers among Mongolian population. When the Barrett’s esophagus changes shift to dysplasia, risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma development rises 30-125 folds and every year, 0.8% of population with dysplastic changes suffer from esophageal carcinoma. Although specific staining methods for histochemical analysis has been introduced into pathological laboratories detecting protein, fat, nucleic acid and enzymes that contained in cells, there isn’t study has been conducted to investigate the diagnostic specificity of Alcian blue and PAS staining method among population with Barrett’s esophagus. Aim: We aimed to make a differential diagnosis with basic and histochemical staining method in esophageal biopsies from Second Central Hospital of Mongolia (SCHM) and Mongolia-Japan hospital of MNUMS. Results: A total of 589 biopsies were collected from the SCHM and Mongolia-Japan Hospital of MNUMS and hematoxylin and eosin-stained results were Barret’s esophagus (43 biopsies or 7.3%), followed by Squamous cell carcinoma (46 or 7.8%), GERD (60 or 10.2%), hyperplastic polyp (92 or 15.6%), chronic erosive lesions (242 or 41%), polyp (94 or 15.9%), adenocarcinoma (12 or 2%), respectively. We have re-examined 43 cases with Barrett’s esophagus staining with Alcian blue and PAS and as a result, acidic mucin will be blue, neutral mucin will be purple, mixed mucin will be blue-purple and nucleus will be stained blue, respectively. Immunohistochemical re-staining of 43 biopsies with BE, Alcian blue were 87.8% and PAS were 97.4%. Conclusion Barrett›s esophagus, esophageal papilloma and hyperplastic polyps are comprising most of the esophageal precancerous disorders, and 9.8% of esophageal carcinoma was diagnosed. Histochemical re-staining of esophageal intestinal metaplastic changes is significantly beneficial to confirmation of the diagnosis.