No abstract available.
Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Retina*

No abstract available.
Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Retina* ; Rodentia*

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of naftopidil for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, mainly focusing on changes in blood pressure (BP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of a total of 118 patients, 90 normotensive (NT) and 28 hypertensive (HT) patients were randomly assigned to be treated with naftopidil 50 mg or 75 mg for 12 weeks, once-daily. Safety and efficacy were assessed by analyzing changes from baseline in systolic/diastolic BP and total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at 4 and 12 weeks. Adverse events (AEs), obstructive/irritative subscores, quality of life (QoL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and benefit, satisfaction with treatment, and willingness to continue treatment (BSW) questionnaire were also analyzed. RESULTS: Naftopidil treatment decreased mean systolic BP by 18.7 mm Hg for the HT 50 mg group (p<0.001) and by 18.3 mm Hg for the HT 75 mg group (p<0.001) and mean diastolic BP by 17.5 mm Hg for the HT 50 mg group (p<0.001) and by 14.7 mm Hg for the HT 75 mg group (p=0.022). In the NT groups (both naftopidil 50 mg and 75 mg), naftopidil elicited no significant changes in BP from baseline values. After 12 weeks, naftopidil 50 and 75 mg groups showed significant improvements in IPSS scores (total, obstructive/irritative subscores, QoL score) and Qmax from baseline. AEs were reported in 7.8% (50 mg group) and 2.9% (75 mg group) of patients. In both the 50 mg and 75 mg groups, >86% of all patients agreed to continue their current medications. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that naftopidil treatment in BPH patients with hypertension allows for optimal management of BP within the normal range.
Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Prospective Studies* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Quality of Life ; Reference Values ; Treatment Outcome*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy. METHODS: This study included 185 eyes of 112 patients treated with beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy. Treated eyes were divided into 3 groups: beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation (group A), beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy after cataract surgery (group B) and beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy alone (group C). Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity, astigmatism, efficacy, safety and predictability. RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, astigmatism was significantly reduced: 68.9 +/- 18.24% in total, 69.24 +/- 20.76%, in the group A, 67.84 +/- 17.56% in the group B and 67.82 +/- 13.97% in the group C. The proportion of eyes with astigmatism 1.0 or less was 88.65% in total, 91.49% in the group A, 87.5% in the group B and 70.0% in the group C. Mean improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.56 lines; no eyes lost 2 lines of CDVA after 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy is effective and safe for correcting astigmatism alone as well as correcting astigmatism after ICL implantation or cataract surgery.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Postoperative Complications ; Visual Acuity

A technique radiogrequency localization and coagulation of articular nerves supplying the lumbar facets is described and reported from a series of 46 patients with clinical diagnosis of facet syndrome over a 4-year period. None of them had clinical or radiologic evidence of a lumbar disc hrniation, and all had exhausted conservative treatment. The literature reviewed for anatomical accuracies in denervation of the medial branch of posterior primary(dorsal) ramus. The technique of facet denervation is simple and safe and relief of pain was achieved in 78% of the patient, the morbidity remains quite low.
Denervation* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Low Back Pain*

PURPOSE: To report a case of suction loss during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and a good visual outcome after switching to femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). CASE SUMMARY: A 20-year-old female was admitted to receive refractive surgery. During SMILE in the left eye, suction loss occurred at 65% of posterior cut completion. We switched to LASIK and SMILE was performed in the right eye as planned. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.2 with a manifest refraction of +0.25 Dsph with 0 Dcyl. The patient had no complications at 3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Suction loss during SMILE is a rare complication. Good visual outcome was achieved by switching to LASIK.
Female ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Suction* ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of spiral CT in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer by comparing with histopathological finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied spiral CT scans of forty-eight patients, in whom gastric cancer was proven by gastrofibroscopic biopsy and surgery. After distending the stomach with 400ml tap water or effervescent granules, 100ml of contrast media was given intravenously at a rate of 3ml/sec. CT scanning was started at 45 sec after administration of the contrast material. Gastric tumors were subdivided into five types according to enhancing pattern from the inner layer of gastric wall to the outer layer. These pattern were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULT: The tumor masses were detected on CT scan in 10(77%) of 13 patients with early gastric cancer, while, the tumor masses were seen on CT scan in all patients with advanced gastric cancer. Of 9 patients with type 1 or type 2 enhancing pattern, early gastric cancer(T1) were proven in 7 patients(78%), serosal invasion (T3) in 2 patients(22%). In contrast, among 29 patients with type 4 and type 5, 22 patients(76%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3). Of 7 patients with type 3, 3 patients(43%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3), three(43%) as subserosal invasion(T2), one as early gastric cancer(T1). CONCLUSION: Analysis of morphological enhancing pattern on spiral CT is useful in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer.
Biopsy ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a combined procedure of astigmatic keratotomy (AK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of high astigmatism. METHODS: Thirty-five eyes of 19 patients who had astigmatic keratotomy were studied. The patients had a secondary procedure, LASIK, to correct the residual refractive error. Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity, refractive error, efficacy, safety, and predictability. We compared preoperative and post-AK expected corneal ablation depth using an Amaris Ablation depth table. RESULTS: After astigmatic keratotomy, astigmatism was reduced by 61.43 ± 14.62%, and after LASIK, astigmatism was reduced by 91.65 ± 8.68%. Expected corneal ablation depth was reduced by 18.72 ± 11.77% after astigmatic keratotomy. The proportion of eyes with spherical equivalent 0.5 D or less was 85.71% at 6 months after the combined procedure of astigmatic keratotomy and LASIK. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the combined procedure of astigmatic keratotomy and LASIK is effective for visual acuity, refraction, and reduction in corneal ablation depth.
Astigmatism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Postoperative Complications ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of digital rectal-compression immediately after transrectal prostate biopsy (P-bx) for improving the accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2008 and June 2010, 94 consecutive patients who had a radical prostatectomy were included in our retrospective analysis. The exclusion criteria included a history of previous P-bx and surgery, a biopsy performed in another hospital, a number of biopsy cores different from 12, or a condition interfering with bleeding assessment. The subjects were divided into two groups, compression and non-compression. All enrolled patients took magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for PCa staging. RESULTS: The compression and non-compression groups were comparable with respect to several baseline characteristics. However, the total hemorrhage score of intraprostatic bleeding was significantly different between the groups, even with adjustment for the time from biopsy to MRI (compression:15.4+/-2.32, non-compression: 24.9+/-2.43, p<0.001). The intra-prostatic cancer location matching rate was higher in the compression group (78.0%) than in the non-compression group (70.2%) (p=0.011). Overall accuracy of staging in compression and non-compression groups was 84.7% and 77.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that digital rectal compression performed immediately after prostate biopsy to reduce intraprostatic hemorrhage improves the accuracy for detection of PCa using MRI.
Aged ; *Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; *Digital Rectal Examination ; Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging/*methods ; Pressure ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the relationship between prostate volume and Gleason score (GS) upgrading [higher GS category in the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen than in the prostate biopsy] in Korean men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 247 men who underwent RP between May 2006 and April 2011 at our institution. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) volume was categorized as 25 cm3 or less (n=61), 25 to 40 cm3 (n=121) and greater than 40 cm3 (n=65). GS was examined as a categorical variable of 6 or less, 3+4 and 4+3 or greater. The relationship between TRUS volume and upgrading of GS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 87 patients (35.2%) were upgraded, 20 (8.1%) were downgraded, and 140 (56.7%) had identical biopsy and pathological Gleason sum groups. Smaller TRUS volume was significantly associated with increased likelihood of upgrading (p trend=0.022). Men with prostates 25 cm3 or less had more than 2.7 times the risk of disease being upgraded relative to men with TRUS volumes more than 40 cm3 (OR 2.718, 95% CI 1.403-8.126). CONCLUSION: In our study, smaller prostate volumes were at increased risk for GS upgrading after RP. This finding should be kept in mind when making treatment decisions for men with prostate cancer that appears to be of a low grade on biopsy, especially in Asian urologic fields.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostate/pathology/ultrasonography ; Prostatectomy/*methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology/*surgery/ultrasonography ; Retrospective Studies