Eosinophilic granuloma of bone, characteristically a disease of children and young adults, is the most benign variant of histiocytosis X. This benign bone destructive lesion is characterized by the presence of a histiocytic and eosinophilic leukocyte infiltrate of unknown origin. It was described as a new distinct entity by Jaffe and Lichtenstein(1940). we reviewed the ll patients with eosinophilic grnuloma of bone from January 1980 to December 1985. The average length of follow-up was 20 months, with a range of 10 to 38 months. The results were as follows. l. Incidence was 2.24% of primary bone tumor. 2. Male patient was more predominent. 3. Age of onset was between 2 and 16 years old. 4. Predilection sites were spine, skull, pelvis and femur in order. 5. Solitary lesion was more comon(63.5%). 6. Onset of multiple lesions was earlier age. 7. There was on recurrence of lesions.
Age of Onset ; Child ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Eosinophils ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Pelvis ; Recurrence ; Skull ; Spine ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration*

Chondroblastoma is a rare primary neoplasm of bone which involves the epiphysis of the long bone and develops mostly in the 2nd decade of life. We reviewed the cases of twenty patients with chondroblastoma who were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine between 1969 and 1989. All patients were followed for 1 year or longer. The results were as follows. 1. The proximal end of the humerus(25%) and the proximal end of the femur(25%) were the most common sites. 2. 85% of patients were between 11 to 20 years old and male to female ratio was 3:2. 3. The most common symptom was pain and in 30% of patients it was appeared after minor trauma. 4. The average diameter of lesion is 4.2cm in its long axis and the more longer the duration, the more larger the size of lesion. 5. Involvement of the epiphyseal plate was twice as common in the patients with a closing plate as in those with an open one. 6. The most common microscopic finding was the presence of chondroblast and chondroid matrix. 7. Two patients(10%) had a local recurrence. 8. The final functional results were considered to be good in sixteen(80%) patients. 9. Accurste localization of the lesion during biopsy is very important especially in the case of deep seated lesion.
Biopsy ; Chondroblastoma ; Chondrocytes ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the metabolic and pathological changes associated with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy with 31P was applied as well as pathological examination. METHODS: Effect of adenosine on the recovery of high energy phosphorous metabolites during the reperfusion period following 90 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) ligation was assessed by 31P spectroscopy in 13 cats(8 : control group, 5 : adenosine group). In adenosine group 0.2 mg/kg/min of adenosine was infused intravenously for 90 minutes from 30 minutes before reperfusion. The experiments were peformed on a 4.7 T/30cm Biospec MRS/MRI system(Bruker, Switzerland) and the MR signals were obtained by using innerdiameter 1.5 cm sized doubly tuned surface coil. The size of the spectral peaks was measured by area integration method. RESULTS: In control group, high energy phosphorous metabolites decreased continueously during the ischemic period revealing the lowest values at the end of the periods : 17.0% for PCr and 24.0% for ATP, PCr depleted below 50% of the baseline level immediately after the LAD ligation and ATP, after 15 minutes of ischemia. Therfore the depletion rate was faster in PCr change than in ATP. The recovery of the PCr and ATP occurred after reestablishment of blood flow showing, for example, 43.3% and 36.3% of the baseline levels after 10 minutes of reperfusion. After infusion of adenosine, there was a tendency of higher recovery rates of high energy phosphates than in control group. Recovery rates of PCr and ATP after 90 minutes of reperfusion, were 28.2%, 11.2% in control group and 38.3%, 18.6% in adnosine group, respectively. In adenosine grop, relative sizes of infarction were not statistically different from those of control group. CONCLUSIONS: 31P MRS can be used for in-vivo assessment of the changes of high energy phosphorous metablites concerning acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Adenosine infusion improves the recovery of ATP and PCr during the reperfusion period following acute ischemia.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Animals ; Cats* ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Phosphates ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Spectrum Analysis

This study was performed to assess the accuracy of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia in cats. Twelve cats underwent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion induced by 90 minutes ligation followed by 90 minutes recirculation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). MRS was performed using a 4.7T Biospec MRS/MRI system (Bruker, Switzerland). An inner diameter 1.5cm-sized doubly tuned surface coli was used for the collection of the MR signal. The coli was implanted to the epicardial surface at the expected area of infarction. 31P MRS was acquired before and during the periods of ischemia and reperfusion with 5-minute to 30-minute of intervals. After completion of the 31P MRS study, animals were sacrificed and the hearts were excised for 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTG0 histochemical staining. The area of infarct was measured on the photographs of TTG stained heart slices using a computer programmed planimetry and the results were compared with those of the 31P MRS study. The level of phosphocreatine (PCr) was decreased to 28.2±6.9% of the baseline level 90 minutes after occlusion and recovered to 43.8±4.8% of the baseline level at the end of the reperfusion. A 50% depletion of PCr was reached 5 minutes after the LAD occlusion. The ATP was decreased to a 26.6±3.6% of the baseline level 90 minutes after occlusion and recovered to a 35.9±6.0 of the baseline level 90 minutes after reperfusion. The decreasing rate of ATP was slower than that of PCr showing a 50% of depletion 15 minutes after occlusion. The PCr/ATP ratio was 1.16±0.09 at the baseline, decreased to 0.88±0.07 at 30 minutes of occlusion, and then progressively increased during the late ischemic and reperfused periods. The ratio of the infarcted area to the effective signal area of the surface coli was inversely correlated to the ATP (r=0.68) and PCr (r=0.40) levels obtained at the end of reperfusion. In conclusion, 31P MRS reflects the changes in myocardial high energy phosphorous metabolism during the actue ischemia and reperfusion. If on adequate localization technique is feasible, 31P MRS can be used clinically in the diagnosis and monitoring of the patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Cats* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Phosphocreatine ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Spectrum Analysis*

BACKGROUND: Reestabilshment of blood flow is a standard therapeutic modality to salvage the myocardium at risk in an acute phase of myocardial infarction. However, there are significant evidences that reperfusion per se may injure the potentially viable myocardium, and a number of pharmacological agents were tried to reduce this reperfusion injury. Adenosine, an endogenous vasodilator, is suggested to reduce repergusion inury. To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of adenosine, magnetic resonance spectroscopy with superscript P was applied to feline model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, as well as pathological examination. METHODS: Effects of adenosine on the recovery of high energy phosphorous metabolites during 90 minutes of reperfusion period following 90 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were assessed by31P spectroscopy in 27 cats(10: control group, 8: adenosine I group, 9: adenosine II group). In adenosine groups 0.2 mg/kg/min of adenosine was infused intravenously for 90 minutes from 30 miniutes before reperfusion in group I, and from just before reperfusion in group II. The experiments were performed on a 4.7 T/30 cm Biospec MRS/MRI system and the MR signals were obtained by using inner-diameter 1.5 cm-sized doubly tuned surface coil. The size of the spectral peaks was measured by area integration method. RESULTS: 1) Phosphocreatine(PCr) decreased rapidly with progression of ischemia, and recovered in reperfusion period in each group. PCr values in the reperfusion period were significantly higher in adenosine group than those in control group, although there was no difference between adenosine group I and II. 2) ATP decreased with progression of ischemia, and recovered in reperfusion period in each group. ATP values in the reperfusion period were significantly higher in adenosine groups than those in control group, byt there was no difference between adenosine group I and II. 3) pH decreased uniformly with progression of ischemia and recovered in reperfusion period, showing no difference between control and adenosine groups. 4) PCr/ATP ratio, representing the potential of oxidative phosphorylation, dereased with progression of ischemia and increased in reperfusion period. PCr/ATP ratio showed no difference between control, adenosine I and II groups. 5) Risk area/left ventricle ratio was not different in control and adenosine groups. Infarct size/risk area and infarct size/left ventricle ratios were smaller in adenosine II than those in control group. Howerver no significant diffence was noticed between adenosine I and control, and between adenosine I and II group. CONCLUSION: Intravenous infusion of adenosine showed the tendency of reducing the infarct size in the feline model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and adenosine could improve significantly the recovery of high energy phosphate metabolites. This myocardial pretective effect of adenosine is considered to be present mainly in the reperfusion period.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Coronary Vessels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Spectrum Analysis

Corynebacterium striatum is a commonly isolated contaminant in the clinical microbiology. However, it can be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised and even immunocompetent hosts. The increasing prevalence of C. striatum infection has been associated with immunosuppression and prosthetic devices. We report a case of meningitis with cerebrospinal fluid drainage and a case of catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by C. striatum. The isolates were identified as nondiphtherial Corynebacterium species by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, France) anaerobe and Corynebacterium card. The final identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was C. striatum with 99.7% identity and 99.6% identity with C. striatum ATCC 6940, respectively. Both strains were sensitive to vancomycin and gentamicin, but multidrug-resistant to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, erythromycin and imipenem.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Ciprofloxacin ; Corynebacterium* ; Drainage ; Erythromycin ; Genes, rRNA ; Gentamicins ; Imipenem ; Immunosuppression ; Meningitis* ; Penicillins ; Prevalence ; Sepsis* ; Vancomycin

BACKGROUND: Arterial pressure is the most commonly utilized guideline for the management of critically ill patients. However, the site of arterial pressure monitoring can impact the observed pressure. In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, peripheral arterial pressure can underestimate central aortic pressure and vasodilators magnify this phenomenon. There was also a large discrepancy between radial and femoral artery pressure in endotoxemic patients treated with vasopressors or hypothermic patients. We evaluated the effect of the continuous infusion of norepinephrine, the most commonly used vasopressor, on pressure and blood flow in both the brachial and femoral artery in dogs in normal condition. METHODS: Both the brachial and femoral arteries were cannulated for pressure monitoring and the other side arteries were exposed for the measurement of blood flow in 10 dogs. Two doses of norepinephrine (NE), 0.05 microgram/kg/min and 0.1 microgram/kg/min, were infused for 10 minutes each in sequence. Hemodynamic variables and blood flow were measured before the infusion of NE, and immediately after the infusion of the two doses of NE. RESULTS: NE increased both brachial and femoral arterial pressures with no difference between the two pressures. NE decreased blood flow in both brachial and femoral arteries even though cardiac output was maintained constantly which means NE caused the redistribution of blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike endotoxemic shock conditions or hypothermic vasoconstriction, NE didn't show different effects on pressure monitoring sites regardless of their diameter in normal condition. NE increased blood pressure and decreased blood flow in the same degree in both the brachial and femoral artery.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Blood Pressure* ; Cardiac Output ; Critical Illness ; Dogs ; Femoral Artery* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Norepinephrine* ; Shock ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilator Agents

The patients with end stage renal disease show several complications such as artherosclerosis, anemia and increased susceptibility to infection by damage due to oxygen free radicals. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is directly linked to the fate of the highly reactive oxygen metabolites. If there is an alteration in the activity of SOD, this alteration may contribute to the complications by reactive oxygen species in patients with end stage renal disease. In this experiment, SOD activity and the effect of cyanate on the activity of SOD was studied to understand the mechanism of several complications mediated by oxygen free radicals in patients with end stage renal disease. SOD activity in the plasma and erythrocytes from patients with end stage renal disease was significantly lower than those from healthy controls. It is known that underproduction of SOD leads to excess production of superoxide and reduced iron favoring hydroxyl radical formation. The results in this experiment suggest that there is an overproduction of superoxide anion in patients with end stage renal disease. The overproduction of superoxide anion may contribute the patients with end stage renal disease susceptible to oxidant damages. To evaluate if cyanate could carbamylate SOD, SOD was incubated with cyanate. The level of carbamylated SOD increased as the time of exposure to cyanate increased from 0 hour to 72 hours. Furthermore, the degree of carbamylation of SOD increased as cyanate concentration in the incubation media rose from 20mM to 1M. There appears to be a maximum degree of carbamylation at a concentration of 1,000mM cyanate. To test the hypothesis that in vitro carbamylation of SOD alters its biological activity, SOD activity was measured after incubation with cyanate. The activity of carbamylated SOD decreased as the time of exposure to cyanate increased from 0 hour to 72 hours. Furthermore, the activity of carbamylated SOD decreased as cyanate concentration in the incubation media rose from 20mM to 1M and when albumin was added to the reaction mixture, the loss of SOD activity was prevented. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that SOD is also carbamylated and lost biological activity in end stage renal disease patients by cyanate, and that the degree of carbamylation depends on both the concentration of cyanate and the length of exposure. Also, these suggest that albumin may prevent carbamylation of SOD at least in vitro condition.
Anemia ; Erythrocytes ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides* ; Uremia

No abstract available.
Skin Diseases* ; Thyroidectomy*