The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged > or = 50 years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcium ; Dairy Products ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fruit ; Humans ; Milk ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Riboflavin ; Spine ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis*

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Classification* ; Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate how much depression and pain symptoms could be shown, what kind of factors affect them, and whether the correlation between them could be or not in patients with cancer. METHODS: The subjects were composed of 25 patients with cancer who admitted at the department of oncology (male: 10, female: 15). We reviewed the medical record and interviewed patients and their family. A psychiatric diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The intensity of pain (maximal, minimal, mean, present), disability due to pain, the effects of analgesics were measured by Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). RESULTS: 32% of patients had major depressive disorders, 16% of patients had depressive disorders, NOS and 16% of the patients had adjustment disorders. The score of HRSD was significantly correlated with the maximal intensity, mean intensity and present intensity of pain and disability due to pain, but not with minimal intensity and the effects of analgesics. Depression and pain were not correlated with duration of illness. Scores of depression and pain did not differ in sex, religion, metastasis, and the knowledge of illness. The widowed or unmarried patients showed significantly higher scores than patients living with the spouse in HRSD, minimal intensity and mean intensity of pain. CONCLUSION: In patients with cancer, depression and pain were highly prevalant. The relationship between depression and pain was shown in patients with cancer. These results suggest that more active evaluation and intervention of depression and pain should be carried out in patients with cancer.
Adjustment Disorders ; Analgesics ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mental Disorders ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Single Person ; Spouses ; Widowhood

Atenolol is a beta1-selective adrenoreceptor blocking agent which is generally thought of as cardioselective, with little CNS action, because it has hydrophilic solubility rather than lipophilic. But recently, it has been reported that atenolol also can cause CNS side effect, especially in the patient with past neuropsychiatric history, old age, or underlying cerebral lesion. This 59-year-old female case demonstrated that atenolol could be an etiological agent of visual hallucination in a elderly patient with cerebral infarction.
Aged ; Atenolol* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Female ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Solubility

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Smoking and obesity are known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, while low serum levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol is an independent risk factor for mortality from ischemic heart diseases. This study examines changes in the serum level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol depending on changes in the state of smoking and body mass index. METHODS: A survey and blood check-up were conducted on medical examination, along with acts of smoking among male adults of 25 years or older who visited the health promotion center of Daegu Medical Center from 2007 to 2010, and the results were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two different groups, current smokers and abstainers, and body mass index, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides for three years were compared in both groups. Changes between the first and second visits in body mass index and lipid profiles of the two groups were compared to analyze changes after abstaining. RESULTS: The subject group which showed a significant increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was only abstainers whose body mass index had decreased by more than 0.5 kg/m2. CONCLUSION: Smoking cessation increases serum levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. If reduction of body mass index and smoking cessation are combined, the risk of cardiovascular disease will be lower in proportion to the increase in serum high density lipoprotein.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: To evaluate the NT in the first trimester associated with fetal chromosomal abnormality, fetal structural abnormality and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: From Mar. 1993 to Dec. 1997, 133 cases of increased NT were reviewed retrospectively. All these fetues were taken a karyotyping and/or a high resolution ultrasonography for associated anomaly. The NT was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography(TVS) and transabdominal ultrasonography(TAS) if difficulty was encountered with TVS in the period of the 10th-14th week of gestation. The increased NT is approved when it is over 3mm. RESULTS: Of these 133 cases, 102 cases(76.7%) revealed normal outcomes and 31 cases(23.3%) revealed abnormal outcomes such as chromosomal abnormality, structural abnormality and adverse pregnancy outcome, The mean value of NT was 3.44+/-0.68mm in the normal group and 4.93+/-2.70mm in the abnormal group, respectively. The chromosomal abnormalities were found in 16 of the 31 cases: nine Down SD, two Patau syndrome, one Tuner synrome, one triploidy, one 46, XX,i(18q), one 47,iso(Xp)/46,XX one confined placental mosaicism. In 12 cases of the 31 cases, the structural anomalies were detected. Of these 12 cases, 3 cases were eventually developed to cytsic hygroma, 3 cases were cardiac anomaly, 3 cases were renal anomaly, 1 case was congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 1 case was skeletal dysplasia and 1 case was suspected syndrome. The adverse pregnancy outcome such as intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death and preterm labor was revealed in 3 cases. In the cases of NT over 7mm, the result was 100% abnormal outcome. CONCLUSION: Increased NT in the first trimester could be a highly efficient the predictor for detection of chromosomal abnormality, structural anomaly and adverse pregnancy outcome.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Mosaicism ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Triploidy ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: The administration of 100% oxygen at the end of general anesthesia before tracheal extubation has been shown to worsen postanesthetic pulmonary gas exchange. Because the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the endotracheal tube (ETT) are very different, it remains uncertain whether emergence on oxygen has the same results on lung function as ETT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of 100% oxygen before LMA removal worsens gas exchange after inhalation or total intravenous general anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery of the extremities were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane or propofol during general anesthesia with LMA. At the end of surgery, patients were randomized to an inspiratory fraction of oxygen of 0.3 in sevoflurane (n = 20), of 0.3 propofol (n = 20) or of 1.0 in sevoflurane (n = 20) or of 1.0 in propofol (n = 20) during emergence from anesthesia and LMA removal. Postoperative blood gas measurements were taken immediately and 60 min after arrival in the recovery room. RESULTS: No significant differences in PaO2 (propofol groups: 87.5 +/- 14.4 vs 88.5 +/- 10.5 mmHg, sevoflurane groups: 86.7 +/- 11.3 vs 90.7 +/- 9.9 mmHg) or alveolar - arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) were found between the two groups at 30 min after LMA removal (propofol groups: 12.0 +/- 12.4 vs 10.3 +/- 8.3 mmHg, sevoflurane groups: 8.6 +/- 7.1 vs 7.1 +/- 9.4 mmHg). No differences were observed between the sevoflurane and propofol groups when FIO2 levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Breathing 100% oxygen during emergence from general anesthesia does not worsen postanesthetic pulmonary gas exchange when an LMA is used.
Airway Extubation ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Extremities ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Lung ; Oxygen* ; Propofol ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Recovery Room ; Respiration