No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis*

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged > or = 50 years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcium ; Dairy Products ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fruit ; Humans ; Milk ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Riboflavin ; Spine ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Classification* ; Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate how much depression and pain symptoms could be shown, what kind of factors affect them, and whether the correlation between them could be or not in patients with cancer. METHODS: The subjects were composed of 25 patients with cancer who admitted at the department of oncology (male: 10, female: 15). We reviewed the medical record and interviewed patients and their family. A psychiatric diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The intensity of pain (maximal, minimal, mean, present), disability due to pain, the effects of analgesics were measured by Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). RESULTS: 32% of patients had major depressive disorders, 16% of patients had depressive disorders, NOS and 16% of the patients had adjustment disorders. The score of HRSD was significantly correlated with the maximal intensity, mean intensity and present intensity of pain and disability due to pain, but not with minimal intensity and the effects of analgesics. Depression and pain were not correlated with duration of illness. Scores of depression and pain did not differ in sex, religion, metastasis, and the knowledge of illness. The widowed or unmarried patients showed significantly higher scores than patients living with the spouse in HRSD, minimal intensity and mean intensity of pain. CONCLUSION: In patients with cancer, depression and pain were highly prevalant. The relationship between depression and pain was shown in patients with cancer. These results suggest that more active evaluation and intervention of depression and pain should be carried out in patients with cancer.
Adjustment Disorders ; Analgesics ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mental Disorders ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Single Person ; Spouses ; Widowhood

Atenolol is a beta1-selective adrenoreceptor blocking agent which is generally thought of as cardioselective, with little CNS action, because it has hydrophilic solubility rather than lipophilic. But recently, it has been reported that atenolol also can cause CNS side effect, especially in the patient with past neuropsychiatric history, old age, or underlying cerebral lesion. This 59-year-old female case demonstrated that atenolol could be an etiological agent of visual hallucination in a elderly patient with cerebral infarction.
Aged ; Atenolol* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Female ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Solubility

BACKGROUND: The administration of 100% oxygen at the end of general anesthesia before tracheal extubation has been shown to worsen postanesthetic pulmonary gas exchange. Because the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the endotracheal tube (ETT) are very different, it remains uncertain whether emergence on oxygen has the same results on lung function as ETT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of 100% oxygen before LMA removal worsens gas exchange after inhalation or total intravenous general anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery of the extremities were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane or propofol during general anesthesia with LMA. At the end of surgery, patients were randomized to an inspiratory fraction of oxygen of 0.3 in sevoflurane (n = 20), of 0.3 propofol (n = 20) or of 1.0 in sevoflurane (n = 20) or of 1.0 in propofol (n = 20) during emergence from anesthesia and LMA removal. Postoperative blood gas measurements were taken immediately and 60 min after arrival in the recovery room. RESULTS: No significant differences in PaO2 (propofol groups: 87.5 +/- 14.4 vs 88.5 +/- 10.5 mmHg, sevoflurane groups: 86.7 +/- 11.3 vs 90.7 +/- 9.9 mmHg) or alveolar - arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) were found between the two groups at 30 min after LMA removal (propofol groups: 12.0 +/- 12.4 vs 10.3 +/- 8.3 mmHg, sevoflurane groups: 8.6 +/- 7.1 vs 7.1 +/- 9.4 mmHg). No differences were observed between the sevoflurane and propofol groups when FIO2 levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Breathing 100% oxygen during emergence from general anesthesia does not worsen postanesthetic pulmonary gas exchange when an LMA is used.
Airway Extubation ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Extremities ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Lung ; Oxygen* ; Propofol ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Recovery Room ; Respiration

PURPOSE: To evaluate the NT in the first trimester associated with fetal chromosomal abnormality, fetal structural abnormality and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: From Mar. 1993 to Dec. 1997, 133 cases of increased NT were reviewed retrospectively. All these fetues were taken a karyotyping and/or a high resolution ultrasonography for associated anomaly. The NT was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography(TVS) and transabdominal ultrasonography(TAS) if difficulty was encountered with TVS in the period of the 10th-14th week of gestation. The increased NT is approved when it is over 3mm. RESULTS: Of these 133 cases, 102 cases(76.7%) revealed normal outcomes and 31 cases(23.3%) revealed abnormal outcomes such as chromosomal abnormality, structural abnormality and adverse pregnancy outcome, The mean value of NT was 3.44+/-0.68mm in the normal group and 4.93+/-2.70mm in the abnormal group, respectively. The chromosomal abnormalities were found in 16 of the 31 cases: nine Down SD, two Patau syndrome, one Tuner synrome, one triploidy, one 46, XX,i(18q), one 47,iso(Xp)/46,XX one confined placental mosaicism. In 12 cases of the 31 cases, the structural anomalies were detected. Of these 12 cases, 3 cases were eventually developed to cytsic hygroma, 3 cases were cardiac anomaly, 3 cases were renal anomaly, 1 case was congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 1 case was skeletal dysplasia and 1 case was suspected syndrome. The adverse pregnancy outcome such as intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death and preterm labor was revealed in 3 cases. In the cases of NT over 7mm, the result was 100% abnormal outcome. CONCLUSION: Increased NT in the first trimester could be a highly efficient the predictor for detection of chromosomal abnormality, structural anomaly and adverse pregnancy outcome.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Mosaicism ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Triploidy ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To analyze the MR findings of cyclosporine-induced neurotoxicity in patients receiving high dose ofcyclosporine and to suggest the possible pathogenetic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases of seven patients (2 males, 5 females ; 18-36 years old) who suffered seizures after receiving high-dose cyclosporine for bone marrow transplantation due to diseases such as a plastic anemia or leukemia were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the location and pattern of abnormal signal intensity seen on T2 weighted images, the presence of contrast enhancement, and the changes seen on follow-up MR performed at intervals of 12-30 days after initial MR in five of seven patients. We analyzed levels of blood cyclosporine and magnesium, and investigated the presence of hypertension at the site of the seizure. RESULTS: Locations of the lesions were bilateral(n=5),unilateral(n=2), parietal(n=6), occipital(n=6), temporal(n=4), and in the frontal lobe(n=3). Frontal lesions showed high signal intensities in the borderline ischemic zone of the frontal lobe between the territory of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. In six of the seven patients, cortical and subcortical areas including subcortical U-fibers were seen on T2-weighted images to be involved in the parietooccipital lobes. Only one of the seven showed high signal intensity in the left basal ganglia. All lesions showed high signal intensity onT2-weighted images, and iso to low signal intensity on T1-weighted. In five of seven patients there was nodefinite enhancement, but in the other two, enhancement was slight. In four of seven patients seizures occurred within high therapeutic ranges (250 - 450 ng/ml), while others suffered such attacks at levels below the therapeutic range. After cyclospirine was administered at a reduced dosage or stopped, follow-up MR images showed the complete or near-total disappearance of the abnormal findings previously described. Only two patients had hypertension, and the others normotension. Five of the seven had hypomagnesemia(1.3 -1.74 mg/dl; N : 1.9 -3.1mg/dl). CONCLUSION: Most patients with cyclosporine neurotoxicity showed high signal intensity in the corticaland subcortical areas of the parietooccipital lobes, including subcortical U-fiber, as seen on T2 weighted images,and no abnormal enhancement after Gd-DTPA injection. These MR findings should be helpful for the diagnosis of cyclosporine neurotoxicity.
Anemia ; Basal Ganglia ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cyclosporine* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Lobe ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Leukemia ; Magnesium ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Plastics ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans