BACKGROUND: Otitis media with effusion(OME) is a very common disease in pediatric age. However, a few literatures on epidemiologic study of otitis media with effusion are available in Korea due to the great variability of its diagnostic criteria and clinical features. The aim of this study is to provide the estimate of silent otitis media prevalence for preschool age. METHODS: The study population includes 329 children enrolled in 6 kindergartens in Kunsan city from April 1 to 10, 1995. Silent otitis media was diagnosed with otoscopy, pneumatic otoscopy and impedance audiometry by DANAC 40 model impedance audiometer from DANA JAPAN Co. RESULTS: The prevalence of silent otitis media with effusion was 14.5% and peak at 6 years of age(17.8%).The prevalence of silent otitis media with effusion according to sex were 11.8% in boys group, 17.9% in girls group. Nine cases(11.8%) involved bilaterally. Forty three cases(89.6 %) were asymptomatic cases. CONCLUSIONS: Among 329 preschool children, the prevalence of silent otitis media with effusion was 14.5%. The prevalence by sex showed slightly higher in girls group than boys group. OME involved unilateral site mostly and subjective symptoms were rare.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Electric Impedance ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Korea ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Otoscopy ; Prevalence*

No Abstract Available.
Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No Abstract Available.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus* ; Vibrio* ; Virulence Factors* ; Virulence*

No Abstract Available.
Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No Abstract Available.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus* ; Vibrio* ; Virulence Factors* ; Virulence*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Epistaxis*

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to cerebral hemorrhage. We previously demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen (PLG) accumulated at the periphery of compact amyloid-cored plaques and in the walls of CAA-containing blood vessels in the brains of Tg2576 mice, a widely used AD mouse model. We had also observed that zinc-triggered tPA and PLG induction were observed in mouse cortical cultures. Because zinc also accumulates in amyloid plaques and blood vessel walls in AD brains, we examined whether zinc increases mRNA and protein levels of tPA and PLG in brain endothelial cells and pericytes. Four hours after the exposure of brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) to 40 microM zinc, the mRNA and protein expressions of tPA and its substrate PLG were significantly increased. In the case of brain pericyte cultures, increases in tPA and PLG expression were also detected 2 hr after treatment. However, amyloid-beta (Abeta)1-42 oligomers did not augment tPA and PLG expression in bEnd.3 cells and pericytes, suggesting that zinc but not Abeta induces tPA and PLG accumulation in CAA found in the AD brain.
Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Brain ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Endothelial Cells* ; Humans ; Mice ; Pericytes* ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Plasminogen* ; RNA, Messenger ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator* ; Zinc

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of neonatal nucleated red blood cell counts (nRBC) as an independent predictor of fetal hypoxia and perinatal outcome in severe preeclampsia. METHODS: One hundred thirty eight patients with severe preeclampsia were studied. Umbilical artery Dopppler velocimetry was performed in all patients, and were divided into two groups, the control group with present umbilical artery end diastolic velocity, and the case group with absent or reversed velocity. The patients were also separately grouped as another control (n=58), acute (n=19), and chronic hypoxia (n=55) according to abnormal Doppler findings, presence of oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and pattern of fetal heart rate tracings during labor. At delivery, the umbilical cord blood was collected and the levels of nRBC per 100 WBC were measured from the samples along with blood gas analysis. The results were compared between the control and acute groups, and chronic hypoxic fetus. Correlation with perinatal outcomes was also evaluated. Student's t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Those with absent or reversed end diastolic velocity did not have significantly greater nRBC counts, but had lower platelet counts (p=0.02), lower pO2 (p=0.005), and higher pCO2 saturation levels (p=0.01). There were no significant differences with regard to nRBC counts among the control, acute, and chronic hypoxia groups. Elevated nRBC counts were significantly associated with neonatal intensive care unit stay of more than 28 days (p=0.013), respiratory distress syndrome (p=0.003), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, or sepsis (p=0.041). CONCLUSION: nRBC counts did not show significant difference according to umbilical artery Doppler velocity. Also we could not find any difference between the control, acute, and chronic hypoxic group, suggesting that nRBC counts does not correlate with both hypoxic status, or duration of hypoxia. Correlation with elevated nRBC counts and neonatal intensive care unit stay of more than 28 days, respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and sepsis was observed. However, the overlapping results and the wide range of nRBC counts according to the complications limits its role as a predictor of poor perinatal outcome.
Anoxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Erythrocyte Count ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetal Hypoxia* ; Fetus ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Oligohydramnios ; Platelet Count ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Rheology ; Sepsis ; Umbilical Arteries

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA integration is one of the cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epidemiologic evidences indicate that HBV infection is associated with the high risk of development of HCC. We wanted to evaluate the HBV DNA integration in hepatocellular carcinoma. So we detected HBV DNA by PCR in aseptically obtained 37 HCC tissues. METHODS: A total 37 surgical specimens from HCC patients were evaluated. Patient's serologic findings were analyzed retrospectively. Serologic markers were tested by radioimmunoassay. Genomic DNA was extracted from HCC paraffin blocks by microwave oven method. PGR was done. RESULTS: The sensitivity of HBV DNA PCR was 100 fg. Among 37 Patients tested, 30 cases of HCC patients had HBV DNA in their liver tissue. Among 25 HBs Ag positive patients, 23 had PCR positive results. All of the anti-HBc positive patients had HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are highly suggestive of HBV infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection of HBV DNA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is highly suggestive of HBV infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; DNA ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Microwaves ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: this study was intended to search the relationship between perception of the infant temperament in mother of infant at the age of 1~12 months and maternal confidence and satisfaction in performing maternal role, and to submit a basic data to establish a nursing intervention program which is helpful for determination of infant development and performing maternal role promotion by identify variables associated with infant temperament. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 300 mothers of infant at the age of 1~12 months who visited well baby clinic in 4 hospitals in Busan city and Kyoung-Nam province. Final analysis was performed in 293 cases. Seven cases was excluded in this study because of its inappropriate data collection. The data was collected from 1st July to 15th August 2002. The questionaries which were fill-up by mother were collected. Infant temperament was measured by using the tool of "what my baby is like"(WBL) which was developed by Priham et. al.(1994) and translated by Bang(1999). The scale of postpartum self evaluation which was developed by Lederman et al(1981) and translated by Lee(1992) was used for the confidence and satisfaction of maternal role. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-PC for window, version 10.0: frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Scheffe's test), Pearson Correlation Coefficients. RESULT: The mean score of maternal perception of the infant temperament was 6.17 +/-1.04, and mother recognized her infant as positive. The mean score of confidence of maternal role was 2.89+/-.41 and this revealed in an average level. The mean score of satisfaction of maternal role was 3.29+/-.51 and this revealed in a higher level. There was a weak significant positive correlation between the score of maternal perception of infant temperament and confidence of maternal role(r=0.176, P= .003), but there was no significant correlation between satisfaction of maternal role(P > .05). It revealed the more maternal perception of the infant temperament as positive, the higher confidence of maternal role. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of maternal role(r=0.410, P= .000). It revealed the more confidence of maternal role, the higher satisfaction of maternal role. The variables related with the score of maternal perception of infant temperament were the type of delivery (t=-2.600, P= .010), experience of learning baby care(t=2.382, P= .018), maternal perception on baby's health status(F=3.467, P= .033), maternal perception on her health status(F=3.467, P= .027), baby's age(F=3.080, P= .028). CONCLUSION: Our result showed the confidence of maternal role was increased as the maternal perception of infant temperament was positive, and conformed that the confidence of maternal role was also related with satisfaction of maternal role. Prenatal education, type of delivery, baby's age were also related with the maternal perception of infant temperament. So, nursing intervention program of developmental stage maybe necessary in order to help maternal perception of infant temperament as positive, and it will be increased the confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of performing maternal role which was considered as real indicate of achievement of maternal role.
Busan ; Child ; Child Development ; Data Collection ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Infant* ; Learning ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Postpartum Period ; Prenatal Education ; Temperament* ; Child Health