Normal sectional anatomy of the calcaneus with multiplanar CT examination was studied in 5 volunteers as thebackground for interpretation of various abnormalities. Major 3 sectional anatomy including plantar, coronal,sagittal and additional tuberosity planes are described. With CT examination of the calcaneus, 1. More detailedanatomy of 3 facets of subtalar joint(anterior, middle, and posterior facet) can be well visualized. 2. Itsclinical applications in the tarsal trauma, tarsal coalition, subtalar infectin, degenerative arthritis, clubfoot, pes planus and tarsal tumor could provide much more informations, which not obtained by conventionalradiographic studies.
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Calcaneus ; Clubfoot ; Flatfoot ; Osteoarthritis ; Volunteers

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare malignant tumor of histiocytic origin, arising from either bone, or soft tissue. Six cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma are presented with emphasis on radiographic features. Five cases are of primary bone origin and one of soft tissue. Ill-defined osteolytic bone destruction with no sclerosis and with no periosteal reaction is the principal radiologic feature of the malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. Therefore, malignant fibrous histiocytoma should be considered in differential diagnosis of primary intraosseous or extraosseous malignancies.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Sclerosis

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.

This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of predicting the stage of brain abscess presoperatively,which may markedly influence on the decision how to manage the patients suffering from intracerebral abscesses. Atotal of 17 patients with brain abscesses, who were treated with surgery and diagnosed pathologically, wereretrospectively analyzied with particular attention to the correlation of CT and histopathologic findings. Wefound that preoperative CT findings could not provede any possibility on the decision of abscess staging.Therefore, we suggest that the sequential CT scans should be done in patients with susupectd brain abscess forevaluation of abscess staging.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess ; Brain ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

INTRODUCTION: The fixation strength of transpedicular screw system in the vertebral hody relied on bone quality and anatomical characteristics of vertebral pedicle, designs of screw and types of connection(rod or plate) with screw. The purpose of this study is to verify the biomechanical nature of the transpedicular fixation in spine under various conditions with porcine vertebrae. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fresh porcine vertebrae and the custom-made screws were used in this experiment. To reduce the errors caused by vertebral bodies of different size and quality, vertebral bodies having regular range of pedicular width(10.0 to 11.5mm) and hone density(more than 1.0 gm/cm2) were used. The pedicle screws were inserted in the same procedure and axial pull out test was performed with using the Material Testing System(lntron8511, Canton, USA). The experiments were performed in four types to assess the difference of strength accroding to designs of the screw hy using two group of screws. The first group of screw was designed according to the outer and inner diameter and the second group was designed according to the shape, pitch, and thread profile of screw. Experiment I was perfomed to evaluate the effect of screw diameters on the biomechanical pull-out strength hy using the first group of custom-made pedicle screw which fixed all other factors except the diameter of screw. Experiment I was to verify the effect of screw shape, experiment III to verify the effect of pitch and experiment IV to verify the effect of thread profile. RESULTS: The results of experiments were summarized as follows: Experiment I showed that the screw of larger outer diameter had greater holding strength. Experiment II showed that the holding strength of cylindrical shaped screw is superior to that of conical shaped screw. Experiment III showed that there is no statistical significance between different modes of pitch. Experiment IV showed that the holding strength of buttress shape of thread profile is superior to that of V-shape. CONCLUSION: It seemed that the fixation strength of the screw was more powerful with 1 mm increment of outer diameter in 4-7mm of outer diameter, 3mm of pitch and buttress shape of thread of the screw with the same operation technique.
Spine

No abstract available.
Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to review findings of gray-scale ultrasonography and to assess the diagnostic value of the resistive index (RI) in patients with acute epididymitis by comparing with that in normal volunteers. MATERIALS & METHODS: Gray-scale ultrasonogram was reviewed in nine patients with acute epididymitis for echogenicity, size and reactive hydrocele. Normal values of resistive index (RI) were obtained in 20 epididymides from 10 volunteers (aged 20-28, mean 23.7). Nine patients of epididymitis (aged 18-67, mean 37.2) were examinated with color Doppler sonography and RI was measured at 11 sites on epididymal arteries. For the prediction of acute epididymitis, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated at the cut-off value of RI in 0.65 and 0.70. RESULTS: Gray-scale ultrasonography showed echogenicity that was variable among the 9 cases (hype- rechoic 2 cases, isoechoic 2, hypoechoic 5), enlargement of epididymis in 8, and reactive hydrocele in 8 cases. Normal volunteers displayed color Doppler signals in 14 out of 20. The range of RI in normal volunteers were between 0.64 and 1.00 (mean, 0.79 +/- SD 0.10). In patients with acute epididymitis, color Doppler signals were detected in all patients. The range of RI in epididymitis were 0.40-0.68 (mean, 0.56 +/- SD 0.10). At cut-off RI value of 0.65, accuracy was 88%, sensitivity 81.8%, and specificity 92.7%. At cut-off value of 0.70, accuracy was 92%, sensitivity 100%, and specificity 85.7%. CONCLUSION: In addition to the findings of gray-scale ultrasonography, resistive index and color flow changes are valuable in diagnosing acute epididymitis.
Arteries ; Epididymis ; Epididymitis* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy. METHODS: This study included 185 eyes of 112 patients treated with beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy. Treated eyes were divided into 3 groups: beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation (group A), beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy after cataract surgery (group B) and beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy alone (group C). Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity, astigmatism, efficacy, safety and predictability. RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, astigmatism was significantly reduced: 68.9 +/- 18.24% in total, 69.24 +/- 20.76%, in the group A, 67.84 +/- 17.56% in the group B and 67.82 +/- 13.97% in the group C. The proportion of eyes with astigmatism 1.0 or less was 88.65% in total, 91.49% in the group A, 87.5% in the group B and 70.0% in the group C. Mean improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.56 lines; no eyes lost 2 lines of CDVA after 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the beveled, full thickness astigmatic keratotomy is effective and safe for correcting astigmatism alone as well as correcting astigmatism after ICL implantation or cataract surgery.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Postoperative Complications ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a combined procedure of astigmatic keratotomy (AK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of high astigmatism. METHODS: Thirty-five eyes of 19 patients who had astigmatic keratotomy were studied. The patients had a secondary procedure, LASIK, to correct the residual refractive error. Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity, refractive error, efficacy, safety, and predictability. We compared preoperative and post-AK expected corneal ablation depth using an Amaris Ablation depth table. RESULTS: After astigmatic keratotomy, astigmatism was reduced by 61.43 ± 14.62%, and after LASIK, astigmatism was reduced by 91.65 ± 8.68%. Expected corneal ablation depth was reduced by 18.72 ± 11.77% after astigmatic keratotomy. The proportion of eyes with spherical equivalent 0.5 D or less was 85.71% at 6 months after the combined procedure of astigmatic keratotomy and LASIK. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the combined procedure of astigmatic keratotomy and LASIK is effective for visual acuity, refraction, and reduction in corneal ablation depth.
Astigmatism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Postoperative Complications ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity