Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Mumps ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Mumps Vaccine ; Treatment Outcome

INTRODUCTIONMeasles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are viral infections causing significant mortality and morbidity for which effective and safe vaccines are available. The safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a combined MMR vaccine when administered to healthy Singaporean children were evaluated in this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 150 children aged 12 to 18 months were vaccinated in this open, single-group, single-centre study [209762/147]. Solicited local and general symptoms reported within 4 days of vaccination and fever, parotid/salivary gland swelling and signs of meningism in the 43 days following vaccination were recorded using diary cards. Serious adverse events occurring during the study period were monitored. Immunogenicity was assessed at 42 days post-vaccination.

RESULTSRedness (8.7%) and pain (7.2%) at injection site were the most commonly reported solicited local symptoms during the 4-day follow-up period after vaccination. Percentage of subjects reporting drowsiness, irritability and loss of appetite during the 4-day follow-up after vaccination was 7.2%, 8% and 7.2%, respectively. None of the solicited symptoms reported during the 4-day follow-up period was of grade "3" intensity. Fever (42.8%) was the most commonly reported solicited general symptom, with 5.1% of the children reporting fever >39.0 degrees C (axillary). No serious adverse events considered to be related to vaccination were reported. Seroconversion rates were 100% for measles and rubella antibodies and 98.1% for mumps antibodies.

CONCLUSIONSGlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' MMR vaccine was shown to be well tolerated and highly immunogenic when used in Singaporean children 12 to 18 months of age.

Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Welfare ; Male ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Mumps ; prevention & control ; Mumps virus ; Prospective Studies ; Rubella ; prevention & control ; Singapore

Objective: To determine IgG antibody levels of measles, rubella, mumps in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020 and analyze the trend of antibody changes in different age groups. Methods: 10 828 healthy people without measles, rubella and mumps in Shanghai were included in the study from 2010 to 2020. Serum samples were collected from 12 age groups, and the serum IgG antibody of measles, rubella and mumps were detected by ELISA. The difference of antibody positive rates and antibody levels were analyzed. Results: The median age M (Q₁, Q₃) of 10 828 objects were 8 years old (9 months old, 20 years old). Males accounted for 48.34% (5 234/10 828) and females accounted for 50.92% (5 514/10 828). Unknown gender information accounted for 0.74% (80/10 828), and 27.03% (2 927/10 828) of participants had unknown MMR immunization history. The total positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps IgG antibody were 76.78%, 64.46% and 64.29% and their GMCs were 541.45 mIU/ml, 31.76 IU/ml and 133.73 U/ml respectively. There were significant differences in serum IgG antibody GMC of measles, rubella and mumps in each year (F_measles=180.74, P<0.001; F_rubella=189.95, P<0.001; F_mumps=122.40, P<0.001). The positive rate of measles antibody was higher than that of rubella and mumps, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=518.09, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of measles IgG antibody in healthy people in Shanghai is higher, while the level of rubella and mumps IgG antibody is slightly lower.
Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant ; Male ; Measles/prevention & control* ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Mumps/prevention & control* ; Mumps virus ; Rubella/prevention & control* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Vaccinations are generally recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, several studies showed low rates of vaccinations in IBD patients. Furthermore, vaccination rate among IBD patients in Korea has never been investigated. We investigated the vaccination rate among IBD patients in Korea and evaluated some factors that might affect the vaccination rate. METHODS: From November 2011 to February 2012, a total of 192 patients with IBD who visited Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) answered the IRB-approved questionnaire. The questionnaire included their sex, age, residence, past medical history, type of IBD, duration of illness, medications, history of vaccination about measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), varicella, tetanus-diphtheria (Td), influenza, hepatitis A and B, pneumococcus and human papilloma virus (HPV). RESULTS: One hundred twenty one (63.0%) male and 71 (37.0%) female answered the questionnaire. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 39.7 (18-76) years. Eighty four patients (43.8%) had ulcerative colitis and 108 patients (56.3%) had Crohn's disease (CD). The percentage of the patients who had got vaccination was 42.2% for MMR, 34.9% for varicella, 15.6% for Td, 37.5% for influenza, 15.6% for hepatitis A, 52.6% for hepatitis B, 6.3% for pneumococcus and 11.3% for HPV respectively. Not knowing the necessity or the existence were the common reasons for non-vaccination. Age less than 40 years, CD patients and duration of illness less than 10 years were associated with a higher vaccination rate (p=0.002, 0.015 and 0.020, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Immunization rates for recommended vaccinations were very low in patients with IBD. Efforts to improve vaccination rate are needed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chickenpox/prevention & control ; Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology ; Crohn Disease/pathology ; Diphtheria/prevention & control ; Female ; Hepatitis A/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Measles/prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Mumps/prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Rubella/prevention & control ; Tetanus/prevention & control ; *Vaccination ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the mumps transmission control status and inapparent infection rate among middle and high school students in Daegu City during a mumps outbreak. METHODS: Nine schools (two middle schools and seven high schools), which reported a number of mumps cases between 2007 and 2008 were selected for investigation. During March-May 2008, a standard questionnaire was distributed to gather information about case identification, instructed isolation measure, isolation status of mumps cases and related factors, and outdoor activities of non-isolated mumps case. Inapparent infection rate was estimated by serum mumps IgM and IgG antibodies status and self-reported mumps symptoms in three of the nine schools. RESULTS: Among 2,560 respondents, more than half of students answered that they did not receive instructions in mumps transmission control measures during the outbreak. Among the 327 mumps cases identified by the questionnaire, 131 cases (40.1%) were considered as isolated and the isolation rates were significantly different among schools, grades, and gender. Of the non-isolated cases, 88.3% continued attending school. Inapparent mumps infection rates were between 56.3% and 70.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Mumps transmission control was inadequate to control the mumps outbreak. Although high inapparent infection rate would mitigate the transmission control effect of case isolation, this measure is fundamental for infection control. The reasons of this inadequate status need to be explored to develop an effective intervention strategy.
Adolescent ; Child ; Communicable Disease Control/*methods ; Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Male ; Mumps/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Patient Isolation ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Schools/*statistics & numerical data ; Students

BACKGROUND: Both the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and The Korean Center for Diseases Control recommended MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccination to health care workers (HCWs) but this had rarely been applied mainly due to economic reasons. In this paper, we report a measles outbreak initiated by two inpatients and then spread to other nine infants and three HCWs. We also report that this outbreak was successfully contained by active infection control measures. METHODS: Measles cases were determined according to CDC clinical criteria and confirmed by the level of the measles-specific IgM antibody. Suspected patients were isolated in aeration-limited areas. After measles cases in HCWs were detected, people in 26 pediatric wards were screened for measles-specific IgG antibody. MMR (measle, rubella, mumps) vaccination was applied to HCWs who were negative for measles-specific antibodies or HCWs who were exposed but not sure of their vaccination status. RESULTS: From April 21 to June 4 in 2007, measles-infected patients consisted of eleven infants (11 months old in median age) and three HCW women. Antibody screening revealed that only 73% (19 out of 26) in pediatric wards were positive for measles-specific IgG. After a medical doctor was confirmed as measles-infected, health care worker exposed to measles patients were all vaccinated without antibody test. CONCLUSION: The precise level of anti-measles antibody in adults has to be revealed by further studies involving multiple organizations. This result could be helpful for establishing a proper health care policy of MMR vaccination.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant ; Infection Control ; Inpatients ; Mass Screening ; Measles ; Mumps ; Rubella ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVEThis paper analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Shanghai from 1990 to 2006.

METHODSDescriptive epidemiological study was applied to analyze the cases from infectious diseases reported system on rubella during 1990-2006 in Shanghai. Excel was used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe reported rubella incidence rate in Shanghai was 0.15-451.57 per 100,000 during the period from 1990 to 2006. A rubella epidemic happened in 1993, with the number of reported cases as 58,104. The year 1998 was the low year on rubella with only 19 reported cases. In the years without rubella vaccine (RV), that was, from 1990 to 1994, the annual reported incidence rate of rubella was 93 per 100,000, and there was a distinct characteristic of seasonal difference, with peak in march through June each year. Rubella cases mostly affected children aged 5-9 and adolescent of 10-14 years old. Since the wide use of RV in Shanghai since 1995, RV and measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) had been widely accepted by parents. The vaccination rate of MMR reached up to 85 percent. The incidence of rubella was descending as year went by. The annual reported cases were less than 100 since then (with exception in the year 1995). Local outbreaks were further reduced and the age group structure had also changed since the adoption of RV. Patients with RV fallen into the age group of 0-4 were increasing quickly, accounting for 21.00% percent of all the patients and the age become older. 31.62% of the patients fell into 20 years of age and above. During 1995-2006, the incidence rates of rubella in age 25-29 and 30-34 were both much higher than that in the year without vaccine.

CONCLUSIONThe trend of older age among patients wilt Rubella increased the risk on fertile woman and geting congenital rebella syndrome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Rubella ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Rubella Vaccine ; administration & dosage ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

HPV vaccination is the most effective way for preventing the cervical cancer. To respond the WHO calling for cervical cancer elimination, some Chinese provincial governments are launching the Free HPV Vaccination Programs for teenagers. Basing on the current stage of domestic utilization and the global immunization strategies of HPV vaccination, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the key aspects in the process of HPV vaccination, including subjects and priority vaccination population, vaccination dose and time interval, the principal of vaccination replacement, and the vaccination suggestion on special populations, etc. The article above contents and gives the advice on the immunization strategy of HPV vaccination in China.
AIDS Vaccines ; Adolescent ; BCG Vaccine ; China ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Influenza Vaccines ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines ; SAIDS Vaccines ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination

Antibody titers to vaccine-preventable diseases such as tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella decline within 1-10 years after allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) if the recipient is not vaccinated. Vaccine-preventable diseases such as pneumococcal diseases, Haemophilus influenzae type b infections, influenza, measles, and varicella can pose an increased risk for SCT recipients. Therefore, after SCT, the recipients should be routinely revaccinated. Vaccination recommendations have previously been developed and published by the European Group of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the Centers for Disease Control, by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation in 2009. Different epidemiologies and strategies have existed in Korea. In 2012, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases published "Vaccination for Adult" describing the guidelines for vaccination, one of the chapters assigned for vaccination of SCT recipients. The present article reviews the current available vaccination strategies for SCT recipients, their family members, and healthcare workers, with the focus on recent Korean perspectives.
Americas ; Bone Marrow ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Chickenpox ; Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Measles ; Mumps ; Poliomyelitis ; Rubella ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tetanus ; Transplants ; Vaccination