PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop a resilience training program for nurses and test its effects. METHODS: A non-equivalent experimental group and a control group pretest-posttest study design was used with 56 participating nurses (28 nurses in the experimental group and 28 nurses in the control group). The resilience training program was provided to participants for 4 weeks from August 12 to September 4, 2013. Each session was scheduled for two hours per week. Participants completed the tools for resilience, positive affect, and perceived stress assessment. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Independent t-test, and 2*2 repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Application of the resilience training program significantly helped nurses enhance their resilience and positive affect to workplace adversity, and reduce their perceived stress. There were significant positive differences for these variables in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the resilience training program for nurses is effective and can be used as an intervention for a stress management guide for nurses.
Education* ; Multivariate Analysis

No abstract available.
Multivariate Analysis* ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There has been a lot of controversy about the treatment methods in the management of residual & recurrent biliary stones. So we performed the study to clarify the important factors in choosing the treatment modality of the residual & recurrent biliary stones. METHODS: 154 patients who were diagnosed as residual or recurrent biliary stone between January 1995 and August 2000 were divided into 4 groups according to their first re- treatment methods (surgery, stone removal via T-tube, PTBD*, ESTP**) and analyzed the results of these treatments to determine what is the significant factor affecting the prognoses. RESULTS: The necessity of the second re-treatment for residual & recurrent stones was affected by the complete- ness of stone removal only, and no other factors affected it in view of multivariate analysis. The rate of residual & recurrent stones among the patients who have had the first operation in our department was 6.7%. Furthermore the clearance rate of residual & recurrent stones was relatively high value (82.2%), as a result of multidisciplinary treatments. CONCLUSION: Thus, as long as the residual stones can be removed completely, any treatment modality can be applied to these patients. We don't have to insist on surgery.
Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Recurrence*

Statistical analyses used in clinical articles published on the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society were identified and appropriateness of statistical aspects in reporting results was assessed. Forty seven clinical articles were selected in this study, which were published from February, 2005 to February, 2006 on the journal. The frequency of statistical analysis was as follows: descriptive statistics only 24 (51.1%), one type of statistical method 10 (21.3%), two or more methods 13 (27.6%). An assessment of statistical aspects was performed in 24 clinical articles reporting inferential statistics. Ten articles (41.7%) did not adequately describe or reference all statistical methods used. There were six articles (25.0%) not reporting the confidence level used as the critical criteria of the statistical significance. In thirteen articles (54.2%) it seems more appropriate to implement multivariate analyses in addition to univariate analyses. We recommend that the journal readers should concentrate on improving their knowledge of basic statistics and statistical review for manuscripts submitted should be sought from professionals in the fields of biostatistics and epidemiology.
Biostatistics ; Epidemiology ; Multivariate Analysis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Over the years, the use of statistics to evaluate experimental data in ophthalmology has increased. The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency and types of statistical techniques, especially multivariate analysis used in ophthalmic jouranal. Seventy three of 202 articles from the Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society published in 1993 contained inference statistics. While only nine among 73 articles(12.3%) contained multivariate analysis in the Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society, 47 among 123 articles(38.2%) in Ophthalmololgy. This difference in frequency was statistically significant(Chi-square, p=0.003). The author suggest that ophthalmologists should learn more about statistical technique for better understanding of current articles and for production of refined data analysis.
Multivariate Analysis* ; Ophthalmology ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among work environment of nursing, nursing organizational culture, demands at work and the emotional labor in clinical nurses. METHODS: A convenience sample of 241 registered nurses was obtained from two hospitals. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire during December, 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score for emotional labor was 3.36±0.48, for work environment of nursing, 2.44±0.36, and for innovational-orientation, 2.95±0.56: Relation-orientation, 3.34±0.62, Task-orientation, 2.95±0.53, and hierarchy-orientation, 3.41±0.49, The score for quantitative demands was 3.02±0.56, and for work pace, 3.76±0.76. In multivariate analysis, factors related to emotional labor were work environment of nursing, innovational-orientation and work pace. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate the need to evaluate and improve the work environment for nurses to decrease emotional labor.
Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mental health status of security firm workers focusing on job stress, depressive symptoms, and overall psychosocial stress and to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the level of distress with changes in labor conditions and intensity. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, a formal survey including basic sociodemographic factors, job-related characteristics, job stress, psychosocial stress, depressive symptoms, and changes in labor conditions and intensity was conducted on workers employed in nine security firms. A total of 1,313 workers replied to the survey. We estimated the relationship between psychosocial stress and depressive symptoms with job stress, and changes in labor conditions and intensity by multivariate logisitic regression analysis. RESULTS: Severe and intermediate level of depressive symptoms occurred in 18.5% (209) of the workers, and the high risk psychosocial distress groups accounted for 44.2% or the workers. Based on multivariate analysis, the Borg scale (OR=2.43 95%, CI=1.72-3.45), relative labor intensity (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00-1.09), high job demand (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.06-2.06) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. For psychosocial stress, the Borg scale (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.84-3.10), relative labor intensity (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.02-1.09), low job control (OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.38-2.35), and high job instability (OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.02-2.29) were significantly associated with high risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a large proportion of security firm workers encountered depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress. Also, labor intensity and changes in labor condition (relative work intensity) were influential factors for depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress. Therefore, we conclude that not only an intervention for job stress should be offered, but also a policy toward the systemic problem of labor intensification should be considered.
Depression ; Mental Health ; Multivariate Analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the way for testing of multivariate in therapeutical equivalence.

METHODSBy improved Hotelling T(2) test, the mean vector of two groups was tested. The information of each variable could then be obtained by deducting the their correlations. "Clinical Equivalence of Drug A and Drug B for Postmenopausal Bone Looseness" was used in this research. The primary measure of efficacy was regarded as the improvement rate of four variables with predefined limit of equivalence (2%) with the results of univariate test and multivariate test compared.

RESULTSUnder P > alpha, all the variables were nonequivalent. Under P multivariate test was a remedy to the shortage of univariate test.

CONCLUSIONWith the combination of the filtration of nonequivalent variables and the improved Hotelling T(2) test, the test of multivariate could be done. The method is reasonable and practical.