The annual deaths associated with influenza is estimated to be between 290 000 and 650 000,which caused substantial burden to the society.Children have the highest incidence of influenza among all age groups,which can cause overloaded medical visits and a significant increase of hospitalization risk.The severe economic burden includes not only the direct medical costs due to outpatients and hospitalization,but also the indirect burden of school absence of children and work absence of their family members.Annual vaccination is the best measure to prevent influenza,however,influenza vaccination coverage among children in China is very low,and influenza vaccination has not yet been included in the National Immunization Program.Now,the disease burden of influenza and the vaccine usage in children in China were reviewed,and in order to provide evidence for influenza control and prevention.

Objective:Postdoctoral researchers in Chinese universities commonly face a high risk of mental health issues,such as depression,yet the underlying causes and mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to explore the influence of childhood socioeconomic status(SES)on depression among postdoctoral researchers and the mediating roles of current subjective SES and perceived stress in this process. Methods:An online survey was conducted among postdoctoral researchers at a university.The survey included a general information questionnaire,the Childhood Socioeconomic Status Scale,the Subjective Socioeconomic Status Scale,the Perceived Stress Scale,and the Patient Health Questionnaire.A total of 505 valid responses were collected.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the data,and the PROCESS macro was employed for chain mediation analysis. Results:Childhood SES was significantly positively correlated with current subjective SES(P<0.05)and significantly negatively correlated with postdoctoral tenure,perceived stress,and depression(all P<0.05).Current subjective SES was significantly negatively correlated with perceived stress and depression(both P<0.05),while perceived stress was significantly positively correlated with depression(P<0.05).The chain mediation effect of childhood SES → current subjective SES → perceived stress → depression was significant(P<0.05). Conclusion:Childhood socioeconomic status can influence depression among postdoctoral researchers through the mediating roles of current subjective socioeconomic status and perceived stress.These findings provide a target for the prevention and intervention of depression in postdoctoral populations and offer a reference for the development of mental health promotion strategies for young university faculty.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in hospitalized lung cancer patients in a tertiary A hospital in Chongqing.Methods From December 2013 to July 2017,2 735 consecutive lung cancer patients were admitted to the Department of Pneumology at Daping Hospital for planned anti-cancer treatment.Patients who did not complete a nutritional status assessment and who had repeated admission wcrc excluded from the study.The demographic and tumor characteristics were investigated in the 548 lung cancer inpatients who completed the study.The nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was used to evaluate the nutritional risk.The individual nutritional status was also evaluated using the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire,anthropometry measurements and hematological measurements.The physical status was assessed by the Karnofsky performance status (KPS).Results According to the NRS 2002 score,29.56％ (162/548) of the cancer patients had nutritional risk (score ≥3).The prevalence of nutritional risk was 17.39％,15.00％,22.00％ and 36.86％,respectively,for patients with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ lung cancer.Forty-four patients (9.67％) had a body mass index＜ 18.5 kg/m2 and poor general condition,and the prevalence was 6.52％,5.00％,8.67％ and 11.22％,respectively,for stages I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.A total of 107 cases (19.53％) had impaired nutritional status (indicated by a severity score of 3 in the NRS 2002).The prevalence by different stages was 10.87％ (stage Ⅰ),5.00％ (stage Ⅱ),14.67％ (stage Ⅲ) and 25.00％ (stage Ⅳ).One hundred and twenty-five patients (22.81％) had PG-SGA scores ≥ 9,with 2.19％,2.50％,12.67％,and 33.33％ of patients in stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ having these high scores.The KPS scores were lower in the patients with nutritional risk and malnutrition than in the patients with a normal nutritional status.Conclusions The prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with lung cancer were mediom.Nutritional risk screening and nutritional status assessment should be considered at the time of admission for lung cancer patients in order to ensure better outcomes of treatment.

Objective:To analyze the seasonality, age distribution of influenza B cases and matching degree of influenza B vaccine in China from 2011 to 2019, and provide evidences for the future surveillance, estimation of disease burden of influenza B, application of quadrivalent vaccines, and development of vaccine strategies.Methods:The epidemiological and virological surveillance data of influenza B from week 14 of 2011 to week 13 of 2019 obtained from National Influenza Surveillance Network were used to draw hot spot maps and conduct descriptive statistics to analyze the seasonality and age distribution of influenza B cases. The published antigenicity analysis results from the China Weekly Influenza Report were used to analyze the matching degree between the trivalent vaccine strain and the circulating influenza B strains.Results:From 2011 to 2019, the incidence of influenza B showed obvious seasonal characteristics, and influenza B virus co-circulated with influenza A virus in six winter-spring seasons, and influenza B virus/Victoria and Yamagata lineages circulated alternately. In some southern provinces, two lineages co-circulated in some southern areas in certain years. The age distribution of influenza B cases was double-peaked, and both lineages had the highest positive rate in age-group 5-15 years, with peaks at age of 10 years; B/Victoria virus had a sub-peak in age-group 25-35 years; B/Yamagata virus had a sub-peak in age-group 55-65 years. Trivalent influenza vaccine strain and influenza B epidemic strains mismatched in 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 seasons, matched in 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 seasons, and moderately matched in 2018-2019 season, but reactivity was low.Conclusions:Influenza B mainly occurred in winter-spring season in China, and its intensity was lower than that of influenza A. There was a difference in the age distribution of the cases among different virus strains. Trivalent influenza vaccine strains and influenza B epidemic strains mismatched in several seasons. It is crucial to conduct continuous surveillance of influenza B and disease burden evaluation, improve vaccine immunization strategy, increase influenza vaccination rate to reduce the harm of influenza B in high-risk groups.

As the progress of population aging in China, the proportion of elderly population is increasing. Both chronic diseases and infectious diseases can threaten the health of the elderly. There are many kinds of infectious diseases, including vaccine preventable infectious diseases affecting the health of adults, such as influenza, pneumococcal diseases and herpes zoster. In addition, the newly emerged COVID-19 has caused a pandemic in the world, resulting the highest proportion of deaths occurred in the elderly and posing a serious threat to the health of the elderly. This paper mainly summarizes the prevention and control of vaccine preventable diseases and COVID-19 to which the elderly are susceptible, analyzes the infectious disease problems affecting the health of elderly population, and recommends countermeasures for the prevention and control of these diseases in elderly population.

In December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spread rapidly across the country. In the early stages of the epidemic, China adopted the containment strategy and implemented a series of core measures around this strategic point, including social mobilization, strengthening case isolation and close contacts tracking management, blocking epidemic areas and traffic control to reduce personnel movements and increase social distance, environmental measures and personal protection, with a view to controlling the epidemic as soon as possible in limited areas such as Wuhan. This article summarizes the background, key points and core measures in the country and provinces. It sent prospects for future prevention and control strategies.