BACKGROUND:Inflamed dental pulp stem cells are a new kind of dental pulp stem cells, and there is no systematic review on the cells by now. OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the research progress in inflamed dental pulp stem cells. METHODS:A computer-based online search in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases was performed for related articles published from the establishment of the databases to February 2014. The keywords were“(pulptis or inflam*dental pulp*or human dental pulp with irreversible pulpitis) and stem cel*”in English and Chinese, respectively. Hand searching was also done to obtain further information or papers about the studies. The results were qualitatively analyzed to comprehensively summarize the progress in the research of inflamed dental pulp stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 11 papers were involved in result analysis that comprehensively review the research progress in inflamed dental pulp stem cells at the fol owing aspects:the research of history, material origin, cellculture, cel-surface markers, proliferation ability, multi-directional differentiation potential, animal models and clinical use. Researches of inflamed dental pulp stem cells are stil in the initial stage, and cultivating conditions and the establishment of animal models are stil in the exploratory phase. Controversies stil exist in the capacity of proliferation and multi-directional differentiation of the inflamed dental pulp stem cells. And fewer studies have been done in the characteristics of immunity, subpopulation and clinical use of the inflamed dental pulp stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Frog appliance in three dimensions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS: Forty patients (21 boys and 19 girls), averaged 11.7 years old, with an Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion were included in our study. They had either late mixed dentition or early permanent dentition, and the maxillary second molars had not yet erupted. All patients underwent CBCT before and after the treatment for measuring changes in the maxillary first molars, second premolars, central incisors, and profile. Paired-samples t-test was used to compare the mean difference in each variable before treatment and after the first phase of treatment. RESULTS: The maxillary first molars were effectively distalized by 4.25 mm (p < 0.001) and 3.53 mm (p < 0.05) in the dental crown and root apex, respectively. The tipping increased by 2.25°, but the difference was not significant. Moreover the teeth moved buccally by 0.84 mm (p < 0.05) and 2.87 mm (p < 0.01) in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps, respectively, whereas no significant changes occurred in the root apex. Regarding the anchorage parts, the angle of the maxillary central incisor's long axis to the sella-nasion plane increased by 2.76° (p < 0.05) and the distance from the upper lip to the esthetic plane decreased by 0.52 mm (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Frog appliance effectively distalized the maxillary molars with an acceptable degree of tipping, distobuccal rotation, and buccal crown torque, with only slight anchorage loss. Furthermore, CBCT image demonstrated that it is a simple and reliable method for three-dimensional analysis.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate whether Tai Chi exercise is more effective than other exercise interventions in reducing the incidence of falls, improving the balance ability and reducing the fear of falls in older adults. MethodsLiteratures about Tai Chi exercise for older healthy adults in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database were searched from establishment to September, 2021. After literature screening, data extraction and literature quality evaluation independently were conducted by two investigators, meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. ResultsA total of twelve randomized controlled trials including 1 366 elderly patients were included in the analysis. Compared with other ecercise intervention, Tai Chi exercise reduced the rate of falls among older adults (RR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.42 to 0.68, P < 0.001). Tai Chi exercise was superior to other ecercise intervention in terms of single leg standing time (MD = 9.57, 95%CI 6.19 to 12.94, P < 0.001) and functional reach distance (MD = 2.16, 95%CI 1.31 to 3.01, P < 0.00001). However, there was no significant difference in the improvement of fear of falling, Timed 'Up and Go' Test between Tai Chi exercise and other ecercise intervention modalities (P > 0.05). ConclusionTai Chi exercise is more advantageous than other ecercise intervention modalities in reducing the rate of falls and improving static balance ability among older adults, however, there is insufficient evidence that Tai Chi exercise is more effective in reducing fear of falling and improving dynamic balance ability.