There is a need to design and develop an affordable motorized vehicle for better mobility among physical disabilities. This study aimed is to initiate appropriate and affordable materials to develop an accessible motorized wheelchair. It includes the feasibility study of the existing used wheelchair, the system used and the characteristic of the physical disabilities symptom. Through the observation, an existing motorized wheelchair uses stainless steel as the main structure, manipulating the shelves heavy-duty accessories, electrical component, heavy-duty battery and car pulley system in which the weight accumulates approximately 100 kg. The heavyweight wheelchair cannot be folded and put inside the car. It also needs to have a special carrier to carry the wheelchair. The field research has also been conducted to evaluate the existing wheelchair system in the market with various systems used, components, and motors material used in the area of technical, usability and comfort before start to redesigning the wheelchair. The results of the study would include the background needs of the characteristic of physical disabilities. The available high-grade aluminium materials will be used to support the mobility and their relevant properties. The design will be done all the way and the specification will be used as an instrument data for the motorized vehicle. The selection of design features, documentation of design procedures and results will be used to create a P.O.C (Prove of Concept) prototype for the meant vehicle. The user will use the preliminary prototyping test and the data (result) will be used to improvise the wheelchair prototype. The second improvised prototype will undergo the second user testing in the area of reliability, stabilization of system, and ease of usage. The results expected will be observed and tested by the user to lead towards the recommendation of the motorized wheelchair design.

Poultry farming not only provides high nutritious food but also creates employment opportunity for rural masses. Documented evidences elaborates that helminth parasitism is most deciduous problem of chickens especially in developing world. Ascaridia (A.) galli, a nematode of small intestine, has been considered as the most common and important parasite of chicken. The present study was carried out to investigate prevalence and severity of A. galli in White Leghorn layers (housing type: battery cage and deep litter, 50 each) and Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red crossbred (male and female: 50 each) flock rearing at Government Poultry Farm, Dina, Punjab, Pakistan. Two hundred faecal samples were examined by using standard parasitological and McMaster egg counting technique. The overall prevalence was 24.5% at farm, 13% in White leghorn layer (battery cage=2%, deep litter=24%) and 36% in Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red (male=34%, female=38%). It was also observed that White leghorn layer rearing in deep litter had more severe infection (EPG=1920) of A. galli compare with battery cages birds (EPG=500). Parasite prevalence was significantly related with sex (P<0.05) in Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red and male birds had less number of average parasites (0.34±0.47) as compared to females (0.38±0.490). Additionally, female birds were under serious threat of infection (EPG=2270) compared with its counterpart (EPG=1250). Given the high infection rates, particular attention should be paid to management and provision of feed supplement to White leghorn layer housing in deep litter and female bird of Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red crossbred.

Introduction: Sexual assault continues to be a significant issue globally. It has a profound effect on the physical and emotional wellbeing of the victims. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on data collected from the ‘‘OneStop Crisis Centre’’ at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun for the duration of 4 years from January 2011 to December 2014 aiming to highlight the pattern and prevalence of sexual assault in the city of Ipoh, Malaysia. Results: Ninety-six cases were reported with the age of the victims ranging from 4 to 63 years old. All the victims were female except for one. Forty-six of the victims were in the young adults category (19-30 years old) and six were above 30 years old. The mean (SD) age of the victims was 19.8 (7.9) years. Sixty-seven cases involved rape (69.8%) and 12 cases involved gang rape. Twelve cases were allegedly committed by relatives of the victim, 57 cases involved persons known to the victim and 27 cases (28.1%) were allegedly perpetrated by strangers. Most cases were reportedly committed at the victim’s’ own house (n=32). Conclusion: This study highlights the salient fact that most perpetrators were known by the victim. Rape was the commonest type of sexual assault and most victims were between the age of 19-30. The comprehensive recommendations for prevention of sexual violence put forward by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should be implemented by all relevant parties.

Background: A written asthma action plan (WAAP) is one of the treatment strategies to achieve good asthma control in children. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted to observe the effect of WAAP on asthma control and quality of life using the Asthma Control Questionnaire and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) at baseline and after 3 months. A repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the mean score difference between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in mean score for asthma control at baseline between groups (F[degree of freedom (df)]=1.17 [1, 119], P=0.282). However, at 3 months, a significant difference in mean scores between groups was observed (F[df]=7.32 [1, 119], P=0.008). The mean±standard deviation (SD) scores in the intervention and control groups were 0.96±0.53 and 1.21±0.49, respectively. For the analysis of the PAQLQ, no significant difference was observed in the mean score for the quality of life baseline in both groups. There were significant mean score changes for the quality of life (F[df]=10.9 [1, 119], P=0.001) at 3 months follow-up, where those in the intervention group scored a mean±SD score of 6.19±0.45, and those in the control group scored 5.94±0.38. A time-group interaction analysis using repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in mean score changes (F[df]=5.03 [1, 116], P=0.027) and (F[df]=11.55 [1, 116], P=0.001) where a lower mean score was observed in the intervention group, indicating better asthma control and quality of life, respectively. A significant (P<0.001) negative Pearson correlation between asthma control and quality of life (-0.65) indicated a moderate correlation. Conclusion WAAP, along with standard asthma treatment, improves asthma care.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which caused the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,has affected more than 400 million people worldwide.With the recent rise of new Delta and Omicron variants,the efficacy of the vaccines has become an important question.The goal of various studies has been to limit the spread of the virus by utilizing wireless sensing technologies to prevent human-to-human interactions,particularly for healthcare workers.In this paper,we discuss the current literature on invasive/contact and non-invasive/non-contact technologies(including Wi-Fi,radar,and software-defined radio)that have been effectively used to detect,diagnose,and monitor human activities and COVID-19 related symptoms,such as irregular respiration.In addition,we focused on cutting-edge machine learning algorithms(such as generative adversarial networks,random forest,multilayer perceptron,support vector machine,extremely randomized trees,and k-nearest neighbors)and their essential role in intelligent healthcare systems.Furthermore,this study highlights the limitations related to non-invasive techniques and prospective research directions.

Methods: Fifty-one discs were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for herniated disc. Their ages ranged from 19-65 years, and 31/51 were male. Pre-surgical T1 and T2 weighted lumbar-spine MRIs were analyzed to observe Pfirrmann grade, VEP defects, herniation type, Modic changes, and high-intensity zones (HIZ) at the affected level. Five-micron thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue periodic acid–Schiff stain; examined for histological degeneration scores (HDS; 0–15), inflammation (0 [absence]–3 [severe]), and presence of cartilaginous endplate (CEP). Three-micron thick sections were stained with protein-gene-product 9.5 and expression was counted/mm2. Data was analyzed, and p<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: VEP defects, Modic changes, and HIZ were respectively observed in 30/51, 16/51, and 6/51 of the samples. CEP was observed in 26/51 samples and in 23/51 with endplate defects. Discs with adjacent VEP defects showed increased HDS (p<0.001) and inflammation (p<0.001). Discs with adjacent Modic changes also revealed increased HDS (p=0.01). Histological sections with CEP showed increased HDS (p<0.001) and inflammation (p<0.001), and nerve density was significantly positively correlated with HDS (r=0.27, p=0.02). Conclusions VEP changes can modulate degeneration and inflammation of herniated discs. Presence of these changes is highly predictive of the occurrence of CEP in herniated discs, which leads to slow resorption and persistent clinical symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical depression is a known consequence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is associated with an adverse outcome among these patients, although this is often under-recognised. Through this study, we investigated the incidence of depression in post-ACS patients and its associated factors. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 95 patients with ACS admitted to University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Clinical depression was assessed during the index admission and at 30 days after discharge, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and binary logistic regression was used to determine the independent factors associated with depression, after adjusting for significant demographic variables and clinical characteristics. The strength of this association was presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, and the significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was about 60 years, and 72.6% of the patients were male. Symptoms of depression were present in 88.4% of the patients at baseline. Depression at 30 days was more likely in female patients, patients with diabetes mellitus and patients on dialysis (p = 0.024, p < 0.001, p = 0.008, respectively). Patients with baseline moderate to severe depression were more likely to have moderate to severe depression at 30 days (p < 0.001). Baseline depression was the strongest predictor of depression at 30 days. An increment of one unit in PHQ-9 baseline score increased the risk of developing severe depression at 30 days by 31%. CONCLUSION Depression was prevalent in our post-ACS patients. The associated factors were female gender, diabetes mellitus and dialysis treatment.

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a complex slowly progressive mitochondrial disorder characterized by extraocular muscle weakness with or without multisystem involvement. The mainstay of therapy in a patient with CPEO is supportive. However, in moderate cases, surgery might be indicated including surgeries for ptosis and strabismus. In this article, we report a Saudi patient with CPEO due to compound heterozygous variants in the DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) gene c.2246T>C p.(Phe749Ser) and c.1735C>T p.(Arg579Trp), which are classified as pathogenic. Proper diagnosis with genetic testing confirmation is important to guide the management and counsel the patient about the prognosis and the management options. The patient was successfully managed with bilateral frontalis sling and illustrates the importance of surgical intervention to improve vision and cosmetic appearance in patients with CPEO. We emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care in the management of cases of mitochondriopathy, especially CPEO.

Objective: The study examined the efficacy of various generations of cephalosporins against biofilms developed by pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli. Methods: The development of biofilms by both bacteria was assessed using petri-plate and microplate methods. Biofilm hydrolysis and inhibition were tested using first to fourth generations of cephalosporins, and the effects were analyzed by crystal violet staining and phase contrast microscopy. Results: Both bacterial strains exhibited well-developed biofilms in petri-plate and microplate assays. Cefradine (first generation) showed 76.78% hydrolysis of S. aureus biofilm, while significant hydrolysis (59.86%) of E. coli biofilm was observed by cefipime (fourth generation). Similarly, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefepime, and cefradine caused 78.8%, 71.63%, 70.63%, and 70.51% inhibition of the S. aureus biofilms, respectively. In the case of E. coli, maximum biofilm inhibition (66.47%) was again shown by cefepime. All generations of cephalosporins were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli, which was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy. Conclusions and Relevance: Cephalosporins exhibit dual capabilities of hydrolyzing and inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. First-generation cephalosporins exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus, while the third and fourth generations significantly inhibited E. coli biofilms. This study highlights the importance of tailored antibiotic strategies based on the biofilm characteristics of specific bacterial strains.

Aims: This paper presents the report on biodiesel and biogas production at a laboratory scale from Scenedesmus strain. Methodology and results: Previously isolated and identified Scenedesmus were grown in 10 Liter flask using BG-11 media at 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle. Oven-dried biomass (20 g) from 16-day-old culture of Scenedesmus was finely grounded and subjected to lipids extraction by chloroform-methanol-NaCl mixture. Microalgal lipids (6 mL) were subjected to transesterification by using NaOH leading to the production of 5 mL biodiesel and 4 mL of glycerin. Biodiesel was rich in methyl esters of linoleic acid, phosphorothioc acid and dodecanoic acid, as shown by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Oven-dried microalgae (2 g) without lipid extraction and leftover biomass (2 g) after lipid extraction were subject to biogas production through anaerobic digestion. Biogas (34, 27 and 19 mL) were recorded respectively in oven-dried whole biomass; lipid extracted biomass and control over a period of 15 days of anaerobic digestion. Conclusion, significance and impact of study It was concluded that water bodies are rich in diverse algae, especially Scenedesmus sp., and this algae can be cultured to produce biodiesel and biogas. But the lipid accumulation potential of microalgae requires special treatment and lipid extraction methods are not up to the mark, which is a major bottleneck in biofuel production from microalgae.
Biofuels ; Scenedesmus--isolation & ; purification