1.In vitro interaction of antimicrobial agents in combination with plant extract against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains
Muhammad Saqib Ishaq ; Abdur Razaq ; Muhammad Medrar Hussain ; Ghadir Ali ; Mahrukh Khattak ; Muhammad Amin
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2015;11(3):300-305
Aims: To evaluate the possible in vitro interaction between methanolic extract of root of Adiantumcapillus-veneris and
certain known antimicrobial drugs i.e. Oxacillin, Ceftazimide, Cefriaxone, Ofloxacin, Meropenem, Erythromycin,
Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefotaxime and Ampicillin.
Methodology and results: The study was carried out against ten bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S.
epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniea, Shigella dysentriea, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Providencia species, Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli isolated from urine, pus and blood samples. Both disc
diffusion and well diffusion methods were used to determine antimicrobial activity of plant extract in combination with
antibiotics. Antimicrobial sensitivity showed that Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic with zone of inhibition (ZI)
of 25-33 mm among all tested antibiotics followed by Ofloxacin (10-26.5 mm), Ceftriaxone (8-20 mm), while Oxacillin
showed no activity against almost all bacterial strains. The study showed that most bacterial strains were resistant to
most of the antibiotics used, ranging from 20-60%. The methanolic extract (mEXT) of A. capillus-veneris used alone was
active against most of the bacterial isolates with maximum activity against E. coli with 16 mm ZI. The study also
indicated that there was an increased activity in case of combination of mEXT with antibiotics. The combined effects of
plant extract with antibiotics were synergistic against most of the bacterial strains. The mEXT showed maximum
synergistic effect with Ceftazimide with ZI of 42 mm followed by Meropenem (40 mm) and Ceftriaxone (28 mm) against
multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The data suggests that plant extract could be used as alternative to
antibiotics. These results give scientific backing that combination between plant extract and antibiotics would be useful in
fighting the emerging drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Anti-Infective Agents
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Plants, Medicinal
2.Chemical Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Stirps of Semiliquidambar cathayensis
Yu XU ; Haozhen ZHANG ; Muhammad ISHAQ ; Jiajia WU ; Wenpei WANG ; Shasha LI ; Xue XIAO ; Shikai YAN ; Huizi JIN
World Science and Technology-Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2023;25(11):3497-3505
Objective To study the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate extracts of the strips of Semiliquidambar cathayensis.Methods The strips of S.cathayensis were extracted by 80%ethanol and the extracts were evaporated.Fourteen compounds in ethyl acetate extracts were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques,such as silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column and pre-HPLC,etc.Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.Antioxidant activity test was used to evaluate total extraction,each extraction part and the isolates.Results Fourteen compounds were isolated from the strips of S.cathayensis and identified by NMR as tetradecanoic acid(1),stearic acid(2),sesamin(3),9-octadecenoic acid(4),linoleic acid(5),dibutylphthalate(6),stigmasterol(7),β-sitosterol(8),lupeol(9),oleanolic acid(10),lup-20(29)-ene-3-[3-keto-hexadecanoate](11),peujaponisin(12),C-veratroylglycol(13),and 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(14).Conclusion Compounds 1,3,4,5,6,7,9,11,12,13 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time.The EA part,compounds 13(C-veratroylglycol)and 14(2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone)showed significant antioxidative effects.
3. Camganoids A and B, two new sesquiterpenes with different carbon skeletons isolated from fruits of Cinnamomum migao
Yongzhen XIAO ; Ishaq MUHAMMAD ; Shikai YAN ; Huizi JIN ; Shikai YAN ; Huizi JIN ; Xianpeng MA ; Huajun YU ; Xue XIAO
Chinese Herbal Medicines 2022;14(4):638-642
Objective: To isolate and identify the undescribed compounds from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao and evaluate its nitric oxide inhibition potential. Methods: The chromatographic techniques of silica gel, Sephadex, and HPLC were used for isolation and purification of the compounds, while HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, ECD, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize and confirm the isolated compounds. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was carried out to check inhibitory potential against the production of nitric oxide with RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Results: Camganoid A (1), a novel sesquiterpene possessing an unprecedented skeleton, and camganoid B (2), containing a unique eight-membered sesquiterpene moiety with a new carbon skeleton, were isolated and identified from the fruits of C. migao. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Among these compounds, compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide with IC