2.Combination Treatment With Proton Pump Inhibitor Plus Prokinetic for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Muhammad Ali TARIQ ; Bilal AHMED
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2022;28(1):164-164
no abstract available.
4.Effectiveness of cephalosporins Microbiology in hydrolysis and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms
Jawaria ASLAM ; Hafiz MUHAMMAD ALI ; Shujaat HUSSAIN ; Muhammad Zishan AHMAD ; Abu Baker SIDDIQUE ; Muhammad SHAHID ; Mirza Imran SHAHZAD ; Hina FATIMA ; Sarah TARIQ ; Fatima SADIQ ; Maria ASLAM ; Umar FAROOQ ; Saadiya ZIA ; Rawa Saad ALJALUOD ; Khaloud Mohammed ALARJANI
Journal of Veterinary Science 2024;25(3):e47-
Objective:
The study examined the efficacy of various generations of cephalosporins against biofilms developed by pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli.
Methods:
The development of biofilms by both bacteria was assessed using petri-plate and microplate methods. Biofilm hydrolysis and inhibition were tested using first to fourth generations of cephalosporins, and the effects were analyzed by crystal violet staining and phase contrast microscopy.
Results:
Both bacterial strains exhibited well-developed biofilms in petri-plate and microplate assays. Cefradine (first generation) showed 76.78% hydrolysis of S. aureus biofilm, while significant hydrolysis (59.86%) of E. coli biofilm was observed by cefipime (fourth generation). Similarly, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefepime, and cefradine caused 78.8%, 71.63%, 70.63%, and 70.51% inhibition of the S. aureus biofilms, respectively. In the case of E. coli, maximum biofilm inhibition (66.47%) was again shown by cefepime. All generations of cephalosporins were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli, which was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy.
Conclusions
and Relevance: Cephalosporins exhibit dual capabilities of hydrolyzing and inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. First-generation cephalosporins exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus, while the third and fourth generations significantly inhibited E. coli biofilms. This study highlights the importance of tailored antibiotic strategies based on the biofilm characteristics of specific bacterial strains.
5. Traditional medicines and their in-vitro proof against Staphylococcus aureus in Pakistan
Muhammad ADNAN ; Roqaia BIBI ; Sakina MUSSARAT ; Bibi FATIMA ; Akash TARIQ ; Akash TARIQ ; Nawab ALI ; Hazir RAHMAN ; Zabta SHINWARI
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018;11(6):355-368
Objective: To gather the fragmented literature on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants of Pakistan being used against common infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Methods: A large number of published and unpublished research studies related to the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and anti-S. aureus activity of medicinal flora of Pakistan published from 1990-2018 were reviewed using online bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, ResearchGate and libraries. Results: S. aureus can cause many human ailments including endocarditis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, septic arthritis, respiratory problems with an estimated infection rate of 25%-35% across the globe. This review comprised of 86 medicinal plants. Data showed that people mostly used leaves (50%) for the preparation of traditional medicines. Correlation analysis on the reviewed data revealed that methanolic extract concentrations of medicinal plants was highly significantly positive correlated (r=0.8; P<0.01) with the S. aureus zone of inhibitions. S. aureus reportedly showed complete resistant to the commonly used antibiotic erythromycin. Isolated compounds like altheahexacosanyl lactone, cinnamaldehyde, niloticane, gobicusin A, asparacosin A, muzanzagenin, isoagatharesinol, friedelin, inophynone and eugenol were active against S. aureus. This study provided in-vitro proof for the flora of Pakistan used against different infections caused by S. aureus. Conclusions: Antibacterial agents from natural sources could be more effective against bacterial pathogens and will be helpful in minimizing the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, and hence provides a base for the pharmaceutical industries. http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2018;volume=11;issue=6;spage=355;epage=368;aulast=Adnan;type=2.