1.Removal of a broken needle in the pterygomandibular space: a case report
Muhammad Usman Akhtar ; Kamran Ali
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2012;7(1):34-36
Needle breakage following inferior alveolar nerve block is an unusual yet alarming complication in contemporary dental practice. We report a case of surgical retrieval of a broken needle in the pterygomandibular space following an inferior alveolar block in a 21 years old male. The postoperative recovery was uneventful and no complications were observed. Prompt removal of a broken needle is advisable to avoid complications.
2.Effect of age and gender on some blood biochemical parameters of apparently healthy small ruminants from Southern Punjab in Pakistan
Kiran Shumaila ; Bhutta Mahmood Arif ; Khan Ali Bakhtyawar ; Durrani Sobia ; Ali Muhammad ; Ali Muhammad ; Iqbal Furhan
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012;(4):304-306
Objective: To report and compare the hematological and serum biochemical profile of goat and sheep from Rahim Yar Khan district in Southern Punjab. Methods: One hundred and twenty blood samples (98 goat and 22 sheep) were collected and their blood glucose, hemoglobin and serum biochemical parameters, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by using spectrophotometer. Parameters were compared between goat and sheep. Results: It was observed that glucose (P=0.001), LDH (P=0.001) and ALT (P=0.001) concentrations differed significantly between sheep and goats. The studied parameters were compared between buck and goats and also between young goats (less than 12 months old) and adults (more than 12 months old). It was found that age and gender did not affect these hematological and serum biochemical parameters.Conclusions: It can be concluded that sheep have overall higher values than goats for studied hematological and serum biochemical parameters.
3.Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan
Abubakar Muhammad ; Arshed Javed Muhammad ; Ali Qurban ; Hussain Manzoor
Virologica Sinica 2012;27(5):320-323
The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus serotypes (O,A and Asia-1) in major regions (all provinces) of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA.Also,spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed.A total of 590 samples (Epithelial tissue) have been analyzed during a period of five years (2005-2009).Out of 590 samples,180 were found positive,giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 %.Of the prevalent serotypes,FMDV ‘O’ serotype caused most outbreaks (20.7 %),followed by serotype A (6.6 %) and serotype Asia-1 (4.6 %) while there was no positive case oftype ‘C’.The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas.Based on the data of 590 samples (>50 outbreaks),the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 %,while in cattle alone,it was 37.1%,higher than in buffalo (28.7 %).There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection,indicating the presence of endemic state of disease.Another significant feature was the change over time.In phase-I (2005-2007),there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 %,while the occurrence of the serotype O,A and Asia-1 was 20.4 %,2.9 % and 4.7 %,respectively.During phase-II (2008-2009),the overall prevalence was 59.21%,while those of serotype O,A and Asia-1 were 22.4 %,31.6 % and 4.0 %,respectively.This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A,which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks,despite vaccination.
4.An unusual case of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible
Kamran Ali ; Ashfaq Akram ; Muhammad Usman Akhtar
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2012;7(1):37-41
Osteomyelitis of the mandible, a serious complication of untreated odontogenic infection has been reported. This case report describes an interesting presentation of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) of the mandible in a 13 years old anaemic male patient. Investigations revealed inversion of his permanent teeth leading to trans-cutaneous extra-oral eruption along with marked destruction of mandible on the affected side. The treatment included a pre surgical course of antibiotics followed by the removal of the retained second premolar tooth, surgical debridement of the affected bone, and resection of the cutaneous sinus tract. The post-operative healing was uneventful. A combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement were effective in the treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis.
5.In vitro interaction of antimicrobial agents in combination with plant extract against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains
Muhammad Saqib Ishaq ; Abdur Razaq ; Muhammad Medrar Hussain ; Ghadir Ali ; Mahrukh Khattak ; Muhammad Amin
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2015;11(3):300-305
Aims: To evaluate the possible in vitro interaction between methanolic extract of root of Adiantumcapillus-veneris and
certain known antimicrobial drugs i.e. Oxacillin, Ceftazimide, Cefriaxone, Ofloxacin, Meropenem, Erythromycin,
Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefotaxime and Ampicillin.
Methodology and results: The study was carried out against ten bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S.
epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniea, Shigella dysentriea, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Providencia species, Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli isolated from urine, pus and blood samples. Both disc
diffusion and well diffusion methods were used to determine antimicrobial activity of plant extract in combination with
antibiotics. Antimicrobial sensitivity showed that Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic with zone of inhibition (ZI)
of 25-33 mm among all tested antibiotics followed by Ofloxacin (10-26.5 mm), Ceftriaxone (8-20 mm), while Oxacillin
showed no activity against almost all bacterial strains. The study showed that most bacterial strains were resistant to
most of the antibiotics used, ranging from 20-60%. The methanolic extract (mEXT) of A. capillus-veneris used alone was
active against most of the bacterial isolates with maximum activity against E. coli with 16 mm ZI. The study also
indicated that there was an increased activity in case of combination of mEXT with antibiotics. The combined effects of
plant extract with antibiotics were synergistic against most of the bacterial strains. The mEXT showed maximum
synergistic effect with Ceftazimide with ZI of 42 mm followed by Meropenem (40 mm) and Ceftriaxone (28 mm) against
multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The data suggests that plant extract could be used as alternative to
antibiotics. These results give scientific backing that combination between plant extract and antibiotics would be useful in
fighting the emerging drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Anti-Infective Agents
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Plants, Medicinal
6.Anatomical Variations Of Cystic Artery: Telescopic Facts
Muhammad Zubair ; Lubna Habib ; Masoom Raza Mirza ; Muhammad Ali Channa ; Mahmood Yousuf ; Muhammad Saeed Quraishy
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2012;67(5):494-496
The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has
stimulated a renewed interest in the anatomy of Calot’s
triangle 1. This triangle is a focal area of anatomical
importance in cholecystectomy and a good knowledge of its
anatomy is essential for both open and laparoscopic
cholecystectomy 2, 3. This triangle was described by Calot in 1891 as bounded by the cystic duct, the right hepatic duct and lower edge of liver 4. In its present interpretation the upper border is formed by the inferior surface of the liver with the other two boundaries being the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct 2,5. Its contents usually include the right
hepatic artery (RHA), the cystic artery, the cystic lymph node (of Lund), connective tissue and lymphatics 5,6. The cystic artery is a branch of the RHA and is usually given off in Calot’s triangle 7.
Anatomic variations in Calot’s triangle are common.
Variations in cystic artery anatomy, based on its origin,
position and number are well described 3, 8 because of its
importance in avoiding inadvertent bleeding and its
consequences. The reported incidence of these variations is
from 25 to 50 % in various studies 3,9 with the magnified
laparoscopic view having increased the frequency of
recognition of these variations. The methods of retraction
used in the laparoscopic procedure gives a different view of the area, thus introducing the term ‘laparoscopic anatomy’7.
Accurate knowledge of cystic artery anatomy and its
variations can reduce the likelihood of uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding, an important cause of iatrogenic extra hepatic biliary injury and conversion to open
cholecystectomy 3, 7, 8. The incidence of conversion to open surgery due to vascular injury is reported to be 0-1.9% and its mortality 0.02% 3, hence these variations should stay in surgical conscience to prevent procedure related morbidity.
We aim to present the variations in cystic artery seen in
laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our patient population.
7.Labour Induction With Randomized Comparison Of Oral And Intravaginal Misoprostol In Post Date Multigravida Women
Aqueela Ayaz ; Shazia Saeed ; Mian Usman Farooq ; Iftikhar Ahmad ; Muhammad Luqman Ali Bahoo ; Muhammad Saeed
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2009;16(1):34-38
The efficacy and safety of oral versus vaginal misoprostol for elective induction of labor in post
date multigravida with an unfavourable cervix was compared over a period of one year in the Bahawal
Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Eightyeight multigravida post date women were divided into
two groups and given 50 mg misoprostol orally and 50 mg intravaginally, respectively. The induction
to onset of significant uterine contractions and delivery intervals were lower in the first group (7.8 h
vs. 8.9 h) when compared to (10.4 h vs. 12 h). The first group had a higher rate of Caesarean section
(7% vs. 4%; p>0.05), uterine hyperstimulation (9% vs. 5%; p>0.05), uterine tachysystole (23% vs. 14%;
p>0.05) and neonatal admissions to intensive care unit (12% vs. 4%; p>0.05) when compared to second
group. Fifty mg oral misoprostol has the potential to induce labor as safely and effectively as the
intravaginal route.
9.High frequency of cagA and vacA s1a/m2 Genotype among Helicobacter pylori Infected Gastric Biopsies of Pakistani Children
Faisal Rasheed ; Tanvir Ahmad ; Muhammad Ali ; Salman Ali ; Safia Ahmed ; Rakhshanda Bilal
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2011;7(3):167-170
The vacuolating cytotoxin VacA and cytotoxin associated gene product CagA, encoded by vacA and cagA are major virulence determinants associated with pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori. The presence and prevalence of two major H. pylori virulence associated genes among gastric biopsies of Pakistani children were investigated in the current study. Fifty one gastric biopsy specimens of children were analysed for 16S rRNA, vacA and cagA genes using PCR. The results showed that 21 (41.2%) biopsies were positive for H. pylori as determined by 16S rRNA PCR. In the 21 H. pylori positive gastric biopsies, 19 (90.5%) showed vacA s1a, 1 (4.75%) was vacA s1b and 1 (4.75%) was vacA s2 whereas, 5 (23.8%) were vacA m1 and 16 (76.2%) were vacA m2. None of the H. pylori positive biopsies carried vacA s1c subtype. The cagA gene was found in 13 (61.9%) of H. pylori infected biopsies and different vacA combinations were found with or without cagA gene. H. pylori was detected with high frequency of cagA while vacA s1a and vacA m2 regions with vacA s1a/m2 genotype were predominant in H. pylori infected gastric biopsies of children.
10.Detection of Babesia bovis in blood samples and its effect on the hematological and serum biochemical profile in large ruminants from Southern Punjab.
Samreen ZULFIQAR ; Sadia SHAHNAWAZ ; Muhammad ALI ; Arif Mahmood BHUTTA ; Shahid IQBAL ; Sikandar HAYAT ; Shazia QADIR ; Muhammad LATIF ; Nazia KIRAN ; Ali SAEED ; Muhammad ALI ; Furhan IQBAL
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012;2(2):104-108
OBJECTIVETo determine the presence of Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.
METHODSBlood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants, including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes, from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan, Layyah, Muzaffar Garh, Bhakar, Bahawalnagar and Vehari. Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires. Different blood (hemoglobin, glucose) and serum (ALT, AST, LDH, cholesterol) parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B. bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.
RESULTS27 out of 144 animals, from 5 out of 6 sampling districts, produced the 541-bp fragment specific for B. bovis. Age of animals (P=0.02), presence of ticks on animals (P=0.04) and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds (P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area. ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has reported for the first time the presence of B. bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Babesia bovis ; genetics ; Babesiosis ; blood ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Buffaloes ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; blood ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; India ; epidemiology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Protozoan ; blood ; RNA, Ribosomal ; blood ; Surveys and Questionnaires