1.A Case of Cutaneous Mucormycosis Developed in a Diabetic Patient with lnjection of Paraffin on the Face.
Jong Hyun KIM ; So Min HWANG ; Jae Yong JEON ; Yong Chan BAE
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1999;26(3):519-523
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by the mucorales, which consist of the Rhizophus, Absidia, Mortierella, and Mucor. The diverse clinical forms of mucormycosis can be categorized as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, disseminated, gastrointestinal, cutaneous and miscellaneous. Although it can cause disease in healthy people, it most commonly affects patients who are diabetic or immunosup-pressed. Rarely, mucormycosis develops confined to the subcutaneous tissue. We experienced a case of cutaneous mucormycosis developed in a well-controlled diabetic patient who had previously injected foreign material on her face for an aesthetic purpose at the behest of an unlicensed physician. The patient had tissue necrosis and purulent discharge on her left cheek. Following histologic examination, we diagnosed the condition as cutaneous mucormycosis and treated it by wide excision combined with amphotericin B therapy. The disease was cured without any significant sequelae within 6 months of follow up. Cutaneous mucormycosis is rarely reported but it can cause facial deformity due to tissue necrosis, so that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important. Currently, foreign material injection for aesthetic purposes is still performed by unlicensed physicians. We present a case report concluding that one should consider the possibility of fungal infection in skin lesion in diabetic or other immunosup-pressed patients. We also emphasize the seriousness of illegal injection of foreign material.
Absidia
;
Amphotericin B
;
Cheek
;
Congenital Abnormalities
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Mortierella
;
Mucor
;
Mucorales
;
Mucormycosis*
;
Necrosis
;
Paraffin*
;
Skin
;
Subcutaneous Tissue
2.Phylogenetic Status of Two Undescribed Zygomycete Species from Korea: Actinomucor elegans and Mucor minutus.
Thuong T T NGUYEN ; Hee Young JUNG ; Youn Su LEE ; Kerstin VOIGT ; Hyang Burm LEE
Mycobiology 2017;45(4):344-352
During a survey of fungal diversity of the order Mucorales, three zygomycete isolates, CNUFC-YR113-1, CNUFC-KNU16-7, and CNUFC-BS1-1 were isolated from freshwater and soil samples in Korea. The strains were analyzed both morphologically and phylogenetically based on internal transcribed spacer and 28S rDNA gene sequences. Based on their morphology and phylogeny, the CNUFC-YR113-1 and CNUFC-KNU16-7 isolates were identified as Actinomucor elegans, and CNUFC-BS1-1 was identified as Mucor minutus. To the best of our knowledge, the species A. elegans and M. minutus, belonging to an undiscovered taxon, have not been previously described in Korea.
DNA, Ribosomal
;
Fresh Water
;
Korea*
;
Mucor*
;
Mucorales
;
Phylogeny
;
Soil
3.The Enzymatic Approach of Zygomycosis - Causing Mucorales.
Hee Sun KO ; Hideaki TAGUCHI ; Kayoko TAKIZAWA ; Kazutaka FUKUSIMA ; Hyun Soo KIM
Korean Journal of Medical Mycology 2007;12(1):9-17
Various oxidases and hydrolytic enzymes were analyzed to investigate the relationship between these enzymes and the skin pathogenicity of 18 Mucorales strains. Each strain was cultured in a nutrient medium containing starch as a carbon source. The cells grew quickly and were at a good state of growth after incubation for three days. Oxidase activity was not detected in any strain, whereas Mucor spp. including Mucor racemosus IFM47053 typically had high alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and all the strains had catalase activity. The culture filtrate and the cell free extract of each strain were applied to APIZYM test system, which revealed that all the strains examined produced many hydrolytic enzymes both inside and outside their mycelia. In the case of Absidia corymbifera strains, lipase activity was comparatively high, and polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes such as alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, and alpha-fucosidase were produced.
Absidia
;
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
;
alpha-Glucosidases
;
alpha-L-Fucosidase
;
alpha-Mannosidase
;
beta-Glucosidase
;
Carbon
;
Catalase
;
Hydrolases
;
Lipase
;
Mucor
;
Mucorales*
;
Oxidoreductases
;
Skin
;
Starch
;
Virulence
;
Zygomycosis*
4.A Case of Cutaneous Mucormycosis Occurring after Systemic Steroid Therapy.
Soo Hyeon NOH ; Jin Kyung CHAE ; Sang Hyun PARK ; Kun PARK ; Eun Jung KIM
Korean Journal of Medical Mycology 2015;20(3):70-75
Cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare disease caused by zygomycetes such as Rhizomucor, Mucor, Absidia, and Rhizopus. The disease usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals, and the organism is rarely pathogenic in an immunocompetent host. Herein, we report a 77-year-old female patient who had multiple erythematous papules and pustules on the left 3rd finger. She had received systemic steroid therapy prior to the occurrence of the skin lesions. The histopathological examination of Periodic Acid Schiff stained section showed chronic granulomatous inflammation and fungal hyphae. Rhizopus species was isolated on the fungal culture of the tissue specimen. The patient was finally diagnosed with cutaneous mucormycosis and was treated with itraconazole.
Absidia
;
Aged
;
Female
;
Fingers
;
Humans
;
Hyphae
;
Inflammation
;
Itraconazole
;
Mucor
;
Mucormycosis*
;
Periodic Acid
;
Rare Diseases
;
Rhizomucor
;
Rhizopus
;
Skin
5.Characterization of Two New Records of Mucoralean Species Isolated from Gut of Soldier Fly Larva in Korea.
Thi Thuong Thuong NGUYEN ; Tham Thi DUONG ; Hyang Burm LEE
Mycobiology 2016;44(4):310-313
While surveying the diversity of fungi of the order Mucorales, two isolates, EML-PUKI12-1 and EML-PUKI06-1, were obtained from the gut of soldier fly larvae inhabiting the bulrush at a pond located in the Chonnam National University Arboretum, Gwangju, Korea. The isolates were confirmed as Mucor irregularis and Mucor fragilis species, respectively, based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. Such mucoralean species belonging to undiscovered taxa has not previously been described in Korea.
Diptera*
;
DNA, Ribosomal
;
Fungi
;
Gwangju
;
Humans
;
Jeollanam-do
;
Korea*
;
Larva*
;
Military Personnel*
;
Mucor
;
Mucorales
;
Ponds
6.Microbiological transformation of paeoniflorin and albiflorin.
Xinxin LIU ; Xiaochi MA ; Changhong HUO ; Shuhong YU ; Qiao WANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2010;35(7):872-875
OBJECTIVETo investigate the microbiological transformation of paeoniflorin and albiflorin.
METHODThe bacteria strains able to transform paeoniflorin and albiflorin were screened from 18 strains of microorganisms. The products were isolated by chromatography method and their structures were elucidated by spectral technology.
RESULTIt was found that Cunninghamella blakesleana (AS 3.970) and Syncephalastrum racemosum (AS 3.264) could convert paeoniflorin and albiflorin efficiently, respectively. C. blakesleana could convert paeoniflorin to produce albiflorin, while S. racemosum could convert albiflorin to produce paeoniflorin.
CONCLUSIONPaeoniflorin and albiflorin could be converted each other in definited condition.
Benzoates ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; metabolism ; Cunninghamella ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Monoterpenes ; Mucorales ; metabolism
7.A Case of Multiple Primary Cutaneous Mucormycosis Caused by Cunninghamella Species.
Jeong Nan KANG ; Do Hyeong KIM ; So Hee PARK ; Jung Eun SEOL ; Hyojin KIM ; Jeong Hwan SHIN
Korean Journal of Medical Mycology 2016;21(4):122-128
A 71-year-old female presented with erythematous ulcerative patches on her right cheek, chest and right upper arm. She admitted to neurosurgery intensive care unit (NSICU) with mental change related to intracerebral hemorrhage. She had no underlying disease. Histopathologic examination of her right upper arm showed multiple non-septated broad hyphae with right-angled branching in dermis. She was diagnosed as primary cutaneous mucormycosis. The fungal culture demonstrated Cunninghamella species. We postulated that mucormycosis occurred after inoculation of fungi following fall down trauma. Mucormycosis, which commonly affects immunocompromised patient, is a rare fungal infection caused by the order Mucorales. Cutaneous mucormycosis is caused either by direct inoculation of fungal spores or by hematologic spread from another primary source. Clinical manifestations are various from indolent ulceration to rapidly progressive necrosis. Mucormycosis can be diagnosed based on the histologic findings and the fungal culture. Mucormycosis by Cunninghamella species have been increasingly reported, but most of them are pulmonary mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report a rare case of multiple primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella species in a patient without underlying disease.
Aged
;
Arm
;
Cerebral Hemorrhage
;
Cheek
;
Cunninghamella*
;
Dermis
;
Female
;
Fungi
;
Humans
;
Hyphae
;
Immunocompromised Host
;
Intensive Care Units
;
Mucorales
;
Mucormycosis*
;
Necrosis
;
Neurosurgery
;
Spores, Fungal
;
Thorax
;
Ulcer
8.Microbial Transformation of Two Prenylated Naringenins.
Natural Product Sciences 2017;23(4):306-309
Microbial transformation of (±)-6-(1,1-dimethylallyl)naringenin (6-DMAN, 1) and (±)-5-(O-prenyl) naringenin-4′,7-diacetate (5-O-PN, 2) was performed by using fungi. Scale-up fermentation studies with Mucor hiemalis, Cunninghamella elegans var. elegans, and Penicillium chrysogenum led to the isolation of five microbial metabolites. Chemical structures of the metabolites were determined by spectral analyses as (±)-8-prenylnaringenin (3), (2S)-5,4′-dihydroxy-7,8-[(R)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrofurano]flavanone (4), (±)-5-(O-prenyl)naringenin-4′-acetate (5), (±)-naringenin-4′-acetate (6), and (±)-naringenin (7), of which 5 was identified as a new compound.
Cunninghamella
;
Fermentation
;
Fungi
;
Mucor
;
Penicillium chrysogenum
9.A Case of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Caused by Mucor Species.
Sung Jun KIM ; Jae Young LIM ; Ho Sun JANG ; Chang Keun OH ; Kyung Sool KWON
Korean Journal of Medical Mycology 2001;6(2):84-89
Mucormycosis refers to infections caused by the order Mucorales of the class Zygomycetes. They are acute, rapidly developing, often fatal, opportunistic infections of immunocompromised patient. We report a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a 73-year-old man with a 20-year history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. He had black necrotic ulcers on the hard palate, left blepharoptosis, left visual loss, left facial palsy and left hemiparesis. Brain and sino-orbital MRI scan showed protrusion of left eyeball, sinusitis on the both maxillary and ethmoid sinus and left middle cerebral artery infarction. Swab of black necrotic ulcer on the hard palate yielded large fungal hyphae on KOH preparation and inoculation of necrotic tissue on Sabouraud dextrose agar revealed a rapid growth of white to gray cottony colonies that soon turned gray to dark brown. Slide culture showed globose sporangia and no rhizoid or apophysis. These morphologic characteristics were those of the Mucor species. Histopathologic examination of the palatal lesion showed large, non-septated fungal hyphae in the dermis. The patient was treated with amphotericin B 50 mg/day for 45 days but died 114 days after admission.
Agar
;
Aged
;
Amphotericin B
;
Blepharoptosis
;
Brain
;
Dermis
;
Diabetes Mellitus
;
Ethmoid Sinus
;
Facial Paralysis
;
Glucose
;
Humans
;
Hyphae
;
Immunocompromised Host
;
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Mucor*
;
Mucorales
;
Mucormycosis*
;
Opportunistic Infections
;
Palate, Hard
;
Paresis
;
Sinusitis
;
Sporangia
;
Ulcer
10.Identification of Mucorales From Clinical Specimens: A 4-Year Experience in a Single Institution.
Mina YANG ; Jang Ho LEE ; Young Kwon KIM ; Chang Seok KI ; Hee Jae HUH ; Nam Yong LEE
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2016;36(1):60-63
Mucormycosis, a fatal opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts, is caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. Early diagnosis based on exact identification and multidisciplinary treatments is critical. However, identification of Mucorales fungi is difficult and often delayed, resulting in poor prognosis. This study aimed to compare the results of phenotypic and molecular identification of 12 Mucorales isolates collected from 4-yr-accumulated data. All isolates were identified on the basis of phenotypic characteristics such as growth rate, colony morphology, and reproductive structures. PCR and direct sequencing were performed to target internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and/or D1/D2 regions. Target DNA sequencing identified five Lichtheimia isolates, two Rhizopus microsporus isolates, two Rhizomucor pusillus isolates, one Cunninghamella bertholletiae isolate, one Mucor fragilis isolate, and one Syncephalastrum racemosum isolate. Five of the 12 (41.7%) isolates were incorrectly identified on the basis of phenotypic identification. DNA sequencing showed that of these five isolates, two were Lichtheimia isolates, one was Mucor isolate, one was Rhizomucor isolate, and one was Rhizopus microspores. All the isolates were identified at the species level by ITS and/or D1/D2 analyses. Phenotypic differentiation and identification of Mucorales is difficult because different Mucorales share similar morphology. Our results indicate that the molecular methods employed in this study are valuable for identifying Mucorales.
Genotype
;
Humans
;
Mucorales/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
;
Mucormycosis/*microbiology
;
Mycological Typing Techniques
;
Phenotype