Papillary adenoma (PA) of kidney is defined as a lesion measuring less than 15 mm and featuring papillary or tubular architecture along with nuclei of low grade.Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common seen group of malignant neoplasms consists of cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm.The coexistence of these two kinds of tumor is rare and was only reported in one piece of literature to date.We report a thought-provoking case in which CCRCC is coexisting with multiple PAs.The CCRCC shows no difference with other common cases while the PAs share the same clinical and pathological features with other ones and demonstrates no amplifying of 3,7 or 17 chromosome.However,the multiple PAs were neglected by imaging doctors and surgeons,and some tiny lesions were not found until the observation under microscope.This case reminds that patients accepting partial nephrectomy for CCRCC may have PAs,so attention should be paid to the image studies along with routine pathological examination of kidney for that there may exists two or more kinds of lesions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between the polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E(APOE), the interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha ) genes and the susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease(AD).

METHODSAssociation study was performed in 114 AD patients and 113 healthy elderly individuals from Chengdu, China. Polymorphisms of APOE and IL-1 alpha genes were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

RESULTSThe frequency of APOE-epsilon 4-carrying genotype in moderate to severe AD patients (28.6%) was higher than that of mild patients (18.5%) and the controls (14.2%), and the difference between moderate to severe AD group and the control group was significant (OR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.1-5.5). The frequency of epsilon 4 was also of significant difference between the group of moderate to severe dementia and the control group (OR=2.6, 95%CI: 1.3-5.3). However, no significant difference in distribution of IL-1 alpha polymorphism between AD patients and controls was observed.

CONCLUSIONThe APOE epsilon 4 allele was associated with moderate to severe AD while no association between the IL-1 alpha gene polymorphism and AD was found.

Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVEIn order to rationally allocate resources and to improve the quality of life of people with dementia, it is necessary to assess their current health services status.

METHODSA population-based door-to-door caregiver survey was conducted in Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and Chengdu in 1998. Totally 1 141 individuals with dementia were found among 34 807 residents aged 55 years and over on the basis of national prevalence study of dementia. Then 428 families with demented patients were randomly selected for questionare interview. Interviews were completed in 405 but refused by 23 families. Measurements included demographic characteristics of patients and their caregivers, perspective of the victim of the disease, current awareness of the disease and medical and welfare services provided.

RESULTSAmong 405 cases of dementia (including 298 cases of AD and 81 cases of VaD), mean MMSE scores were 16.3 +/- 5.3 for 157 mild cases, 12.7 +/- 5.4 for 135 moderate cases, and 6.2 +/- 5.8 for 110 severe cases. Most patients (96%) were cared for at home by family members. Among caregivers, 189 (48.8%) considered the impairment of cognition, behavior and daily living activity in demented persons as a result of normal aging. Half of the caregivers spend over 8 hours each day looking after the patient. Whether the caregivers brought their relatives with dementia to a doctor was determined by disease severity, i.e. 8.3% for mild, 13.5% for moderate, and 19.4% for severe in 1996 to approximately 1997 and 14.4%, 25.6% and 33.6%, respectively in 1998-1999. Of those, only 26.9% reported receiving a dementia diagnosis, and only 21.3% received a recommedation to take medication. However, there was no established standard treatment and only 2% patient's used Ache-I.

CONCLUSIONSGeneral education is needed to increase the public awareness of dementia. For patients with dementia, early diagnosis, early treatment and optimal care are important to improve their quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Caregivers ; psychology ; China ; Cost of Illness ; Dementia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; nursing ; Female ; Health Services for the Aged ; Home Nursing ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sampling Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the urban and the rural areas in Chengdu, Southwest China.

METHODSResidents aged 55 or over were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from 19 districts, cities, and counties of Chengdu area in Sichuan province. A two-stage survey was carried out. In the first stage, CMMSE, CES-D were used as screening instruments. In the second stage, Diagnostic questionnaires of dementia and CDR were used as diagnostic instruments. The diagnostic criteria of mild cognitive impairment adopted from Petersen's were: (1) memory complaint; (2) normal activities of daily living; (3) normal general cognitive function; (4) memory impairment incompatible with age; (5) not demented; (6) CDR = 0.5 and (7) exclusion of the reversible cognitive impairment caused by other factors (i.e. depression).

RESULTSThree thousand, nine hundred and ten subjects were examined. The prevalence rates of MCI was 2.4%. The MCI prevalence rates in the urban and the rural areas were 1.5%, 2.5% respectively, without significant difference. The MCI prevalence in males and females were 1.8%, 2.9% respectively. Prevalence rate in female was higher than in males with significant difference. Prevalence of illiteracy (4.0%) was the highest among different educational levels. The accumulated prevalence increased with age.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of MCI (2.4%) was slightly higher than the prevalence of AD (2.05%) in the same areas of Chengdu. MCI seemed to be a high risk factor for AD which should to be followed up. Early intervention in MCI might be helpful in the prevention of AD.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Residence Characteristics ; statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Social Class

Objective:To establish an accurate C57BL6/J mouse model of acute radiation-induced enteritis based on small animal radiation research platform (SARRP).Methods:Forty-eight female mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: blank control group, 6 Gy irradiation group, 9 Gy irradiation group and 12 Gy irradiation group. Based on the SARRP, the mice in the irradiation groups were exposed to a single fraction dose of 6 Gy, 9 Gy and 12 Gy at a dose rate of 4Gy/min, respectively. The general condition, body weight and pathological changes of the small intestine of mice were observed.Results:After CT scanning, the target area and normal tissues were delineated. According to the dose distribution of the target area and the protection of spinal cord, the AP-PA field irradiation scheme at the isocentric level was adopted. The average irradiation time in the 6, 9 and 12 Gy groups was 163, 252 and 328 seconds, respectively. The survival rates of mice in the 6, 9 and 12 Gy groups were 100%, 100% and 50% 15 days after irradiation.The body weight of mice in the 6 Gy ( P=0.035), 9 Gy ( P=0.002) and 12 Gy groups ( P<0.001) was decreased significantly on the 5 th day after irradiation, and gradually increased on the 10 th day. With the increase of irradiation dose, the villus and gland injury was aggravated. Compared with the blank control group, the villus length in the 9 and 12 Gy groups was significantly shorter (both P<0.001), and the intestinal wall thickness in the irradiation groups was significantly thinner (all P<0.001). Conclusion:SARRP can provide accurate target location, planned screening and accurate dose delivery in the establishment of C57BL6/J mouse model of acute radiation-induced enteritis. The C57BL6/J mouse model of acute radiation-induced enteritis can be successfully established by a single fraction total-abdominal irradiation of 6-9 Gy.

【Objective】To explore the role of lncRNA Xist in proliferation and migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSC）and its possible mechanism.【Methods】BMSC were isolated，cultured and identified from the femur and tibia of 3 weeks old SD female rats in vitro. SiRNAs was designed and screened to acquire a high silencing efficiency siRNA. Lipo2000 was used to transfected si- Xist and si- NC into BMSC of the experimental group（si- Xist group）and the control group（si-NC group）. BMSC proliferation capacity was determined by CCK-8 assay. The transverse and longitudinal mobility of BMSC were measured by wound healing assay and transwell migration assays. QPCR was performed to verify the silencing efficiency of lncRNA Xist and detect the expression levels of SDF- 1 and CXCR4 mRNA. Western blot was used to quantify the expression of CXCR4 protein.【Results】The P3 generation BMSC shows shuttle- like or whirlpool-like，and flow cytometry showed CD11b（-），CD34（-），CD45（-），CD44（+），CD90（+），CD105（+）. When siRNAs were used to interfere with the expression of lncRNA Xist in BMSC ，the silencing efficiency of three siRNAs was 67.92% ，68.72% and 98.32% ，respectively. CCK- 8 assay showed that the OD450 value of si- Xist group decreased compared with si-NC group at 24 h and 48 h（P < 0.001，P < 0.01，respectively）and had no statistical difference at 12 h（P > 0.05）. Wound healing assay showed that the wound healing percentage of si-Xist group was lower than that of si-NC group（P < 0.05）；and the transwell migration assay showed that，compared with si- NC group，the cells that migrated through the polycarbonate membrane were obviously decreased at 6 h（P < 0.001）. QPCR experiment showed that CXCR4 expression in si-Xist group was lower than that in si-NC group at mRNA level（P < 0.05），while SDF-1 expression showed no significant statistical difference（P > 0.05）. Western blotting confirmed that CXCR4 expression in si- Xist group was lower than that in si-NC group（P < 0.05）.【Conclusions】LncRNA Xist promotes proliferation and migration of rat BMSC by regulating CXCR4 expression.