Objective To study the effects of salt sensitivity on evolution of blood pressure and develope- ment to hypertension from adolescents to youth.Methods A baseline survey was carried out in 4623 adolescents aged 6-15 years old in Hanzhong rural area in 1987,310 of them were recruited for determination of salt sensitiv- ity using the tests of oral saline load and furosemide sodium-volume depletion.Salt sensitivity (SS) were diag- nosed in 101 while 209 subjects as no-sah sensitivity (NSS).This cohort of adolescents were followed up for av- erage 18 years.Results The response rate for this cohort of adolescents was 71.9%.At the end of follow up period,BP in subjects with baseline SS was higher in youth than that in NSS (SBP:122.9?13.1 vs 117.3?12.4, P

Blue light has been widely used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia since the 1950s. Neonatal phototherapy can decrease plasma unconjugated bilirubin level, thus preventing bilirubin encephalopathy, and greatly reduces the exchange transfusion rate. Generally, it is accepted that the side effects of neonatal phototherapy are not serious and seem to be well controlled, however recent research has provided new evidence. The short-term side effects of phototherapy include interference with maternal-infant interaction, imbalance of thermal environment and water loss, electrolyte disturbance, bronze baby syndrome and circadian rhythm disorder. In addition, phototherapy may be associated with some long-term side effects such as melanocytic nevi and skin cancer, allergic diseases, patent ductus arteriosus and retinal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines, new light devices and alternative agents, as well as individualized treatments, to minimize the side effects of phototherapy.
Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; therapy ; Phototherapy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the compatibility laws for acupoint selection of acupuncture in treating diabetic gastroparasis (DGP) in modern literatures of clinical researches.

METHODSRetrieved were literatures related to treating DGP by acupuncture or acupuncture combined other therapies from PubMed, CNKI, and WF from 1982 to 2014. Analyzed were frequency of acupoint use, meridians selected acupoints belonged to, regions selected, association laws of selected compatible acupoints.

RESULTSRetrieved were 35 with compatibility frequencies more than 15 listed as follows: compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12) was 33 (94.29%); compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6) was 23 (65.71%), compatibility frequency of Zhongwan (CV12) and Neiguan (PC6) was 22 (62.86%), compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Neiguan (PC6) was 22 (62.86%); compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) was 16 (45.71%); compatibility frequency of Zhongwan (CV12) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) was 16 (45.71%); compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) was 15 (42.86%). Meridians selected acupoints belonged to were sequenced as Foot Yangming Stomach channel, Ren channel, Foot Taiyang Bladder channel, and so on. Acupoints selected were mainly in lower limbs, chest and abdomen, waist and back. The compatibility of Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12) was the most often used with the highest frequency.

CONCLUSIONSThe compatibility laws for acupoint selection of acupuncture in treating DGP were mainly dominated as upper-lower selection, three regions selection, local selection, anterior-posterior selection. The compatibility laws for acupoint selection of acupuncture along meridians were mainly dominated as the convergence points and exterior-interior meridian points.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diabetes Complications ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Meridians ; Stomach ; physiopathology ; Stomach Diseases ; drug therapy

This paper presents a medical electronic endoscopy real-time image acquisition and control system which consists of video codec chip, flash memory and FPGA. The hardware scheme and circuit design of the system is figured out, and the principle of ping-pong operation and the implementation of FPGA program is introduced. Experimental tests show that the designed system performs steadily, is easy to maintain, and reduces the cost greatly. The higher performance price ratio makes it have good application prospect in medical endoscopy.
Electronics, Medical ; Endoscopy ; Equipment Design ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Microcomputers ; Software Design

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of potassium and calcium supplementation in table salt on reduction of arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure.

METHODSA single blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out for two years in 220 adolescents with higher blood pressure, aged 18 - 22 years, who were randomly divided into supplementary group (n = 110) and control group (n = 110). Each of the subjects in the supplementary group and their family members was given 10 mmol of potassium and 10 mmol of calcium mixed in their table salt daily for 24 months.

RESULTSNight urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased (urinary Na(+), P < 0.05; urinary K(+), P < 0.01) and blood pressure lowered by 5.3 mm Hg/1.8 mm Hg in average from the baseline in the supplementary group two years after potassium and calcium supplementation, as compared with that in the control group increased by (1.3/1.7) mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONSAdequate supplement of potassium and calcium in daily table salt intake was an effective way to prevent form hypertension and could promote their urinary sodium excretion and reduction of arterial blood pressure in adolescents with higher blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Calcium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diet therapy ; prevention & control ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Potassium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium, Dietary ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the research on neonatal jaundice in recent years by co-word analysis and to summarize the hot spots and trend of research in this field in China.

METHODSThe CNKI was searched with "neonate" and "jaundice" as the key words to identify the papers published from January 2009 to July 2013 that were in accordance with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. To reveal the relationship between different high-frequency key words, Microsoft Office Excel 2013 was used for statistical analysis of key words, and Ucinet 6.0 and Netdraw were used for co-occurrence analysis.

RESULTSA total of 2 054 papers were included, and 44 high-frequency key words were extracted. The current hotspots of research on neonatal jaundice in China were displayed, and the relationship between different high-frequency key words was presented.

CONCLUSIONSThere has been in-depth research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of neonatal jaundice in China, but further research is needed to investigate the etiology, mechanism, and treatment of neonatal jaundice.

Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of oral administration of probiotics on intestinal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

METHODSA double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in the preterm infants who were transferred to the NICU immediately after birth. These infants were stratified by whether they were breastfed and then randomized into test group and control group. The test group was given probiotics from the day when enteral feeding began, while the control group was treated conventionally without probiotics. The two groups were compared in terms of the colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, as assessed by rectal swabs on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after birth, and the incidence of diseases.

RESULTSRectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria was found in the test group (n=119) and control group (n=138) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after birth. There were no significant differences in the incidence of late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis between the two groups (P>0.05). Among non-breastfed infants, the test group had significantly decreased rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria compared with the control group on day 14 after birth (71.1% vs 88.9%; P=0.04). No probiotic-related adverse events were observed in the study.

CONCLUSIONSOral administration of probiotics may reduce rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria in preterm infants under certain conditions and shows good safety.

Administration, Oral ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Breast Feeding ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Probiotics ; administration & dosage ; Rectum ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the parents' compliance in non-hospital settings during the operation of expressed breast milk bank.

METHODSIn September 2014, a questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the parents' willingness about feeding the inpatient neonates with maternal expressed breast milk, to evaluate the effectiveness of the breast milk feeding supporting system, and to monitor the compliance in non-hospital settings during the delivery of maternal expressed breast milk. Improvements in education were made according to the results. A second survey was done in September 2015.

RESULTSA total of 340 questionnaires were sent out, and 338 usable questionnaires were returned. According to the time when the questionnaires were sent out, they were divided into two groups: 2014 group (n=229) and 2015 group (n=109). The age of most mothers was 20-30 years in the 2014 group and 30-40 years in the 2015 group. Most mothers delivered at the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (74.3% vs 61.6%; P<0.05). Guidance was given to mothers in the presence of insufficient breast milk production in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (91.7% vs 79.9%; P<0.05). Both groups had good family compliance in the collection, storage, and transport of breast milk. There were no significant differences in their compliance with washing hands, sterilizing instruments, and using a clean special refrigerator between the two groups. The expressed breast milk was transported strictly according to the procedure in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (100% vs 87.1%; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBefore and after improvements in the health education, most parents have good compliance in the collection, storage, and transport of breast milk.

Adult ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human ; Parents

OBJECTIVESalt-sensitivity is associated with more severe target organ injury and higher mortality in patients with essential hypertension. We compared the vascular endothelial function between salt-sensitive subjects (SS) and non-salt-sensitive subjects (NSS) with normal or mildly increased blood pressure.

METHODSNinety-nine subjects (aged 16 - 60 years) with normal blood pressure or mild hypertension (degree 1) were enrolled. The test program included 3 days baseline investigation, 1 week low-salt loading phase and 1 week high-salt loading phase. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery using high resolution ultrasound.

RESULTSThere was 17.2% SS. Plasma NOx level [(61.2 ± 13.3) µmol/L vs (82.5 ± 14.6) µmol/L, P < 0.05] and FMD [(10.2 ± 2.5)% vs (14.5 ± 1.6)%, P < 0.05] were significantly lower in SS subjects than in NSS subjects.

CONCLUSIONVascular endothelial dysfunction was evidenced in SS subjects with normal blood pressure or in the early stage of hypertension.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Case-Control Studies ; Endothelium ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium, Dietary ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo inject decorin-transfected mesangial cells (MsC) vector into the kidneys of rats with anti-thy-1 serum-induced nephritis via left renal artery and observe the survival condition of MsC vector and its influence on glomerular lesions in rats with anti-thy-1 serum induced nephritis.

METHODSRat mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis was established by tail intravenous injection with rabbit anti-thy-1 serum (ATS). Decorin-transfected MsC was injected into rat kidneys via left renal artery. Primary culture, immunostaining for BrdU and decorin of transfected MsC lines were performed to observe their survival. Immunohistochemistry with image analysis was performed to detect the expression of BrdU, alpha-SMA, decorin, TGF-beta1, FN and ColIV in diseased glomeruli.

RESULTSRat anti-thy-1 serum-induced nephritis identified by pathological examination was successfully established by injecting rabbit ATS, and decorin transfected MsC vector was transfused to rat glomeruli via left renal artery. The active growth and positive expressions of BrdU and decorin proteins on the nuclei and cytoplasms of ex vivo MsC were observed respectively. TGF-beta1, FN, ColIV expressions in diseased glomeruli of rats with ATS nephritis were decreased significantly at day 4 (TGF-beta1, P < 0.05) and day 2 (FN and ColIV, P < 0.01) respectively, compared to uninjected kidneys.

CONCLUSIONSMsC vector is successfully transferred to the glomeruli of experimental rats via left renal artery injection with no affect on cell survival. Decorin protein is expressed on the transfected MsC and shows antagonistic effect on the glomerular lesions of ATS rats. It suggests that the use of ex vivo MsC vector system can provide useful experimental basis for gene therapy of kidney disease in animal model.

Animals ; Decorin ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Genetic Therapy ; Glomerular Mesangium ; metabolism ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; pathology ; therapy ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Proteoglycans ; genetics ; Rats ; Thy-1 Antigens ; immunology ; Transfection