Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate and fat metabolism resulted from an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Recent studies indicate that oxidative stress may have a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Currently, the diagnosis of body oxidative stress level mainly depends on the detection of oxidative stress markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and lipid peroxide in clinical and experimental studies with methods combining physical and chemical means. The mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced diabetes mainly may be through two ways. Firstly oxidative stress damages the normal function of islet β cells, through the destruction of mitochondrial structure and inducing apoptosis, activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, causing cell inflammatory response, and reducing insulin synthesis and secretion by inhibiting pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) nuclear cytoplasm translocation as well as inhibiting energy metabolism; Secondly, oxidative stress induces insulin resistance by interfering physiological activities related to insulin signaling including phosphorylation of insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS), the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), as well as injuring the cytoskeleton. Studying the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes not only helps to reveal the pathogenesis of diabetes, but also provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Apoptosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Insulin ; physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; Mitochondria ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

China's Class 1 medical devices whose applications for filing were accepted in Anhui Province drug licensing system from January 2021 to December 2022 in some city of Anhui Province were used as the study object.The problems were analyzed in filing application,review and filing materials.It's suggested that the filer pay attention to the definition of medical devices,specifications for compiling filing materials,rigor of filing materials and whole-process quality management of medical device filing.References were provided for Class I medical device filer to standardize filing application materials and regulatory authorities to strengthen in-process and ex-post supervision of Class I medical device filing.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(11):90-94]

BACKGROUNDTo determine if the attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain interacts efficiently with Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and further to acquire a new knowledge of its characteristics and safety for human beings.

METHODSLaboratory colonies of the two species of mosquitoes were set up and were inoculated intrathoracically with the attenuated vaccine virus and wild JE virus (Nak), both of which were used with different dilution from 10(-1) to 10(-9). Subsequently, the virus titers in the mosquitoes were detected by the plaque assay.

RESULTSInoculated with the vaccine strain, two species of mosquitoes were infected with the titers ranged from 10(0)-10(-3), and the maximum titers in Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were 4.48 logPFU/ml and 5.63 logPFU/ml, respectively. Inoculated with wild JE virus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was infected with titers ranged from 10(0)-10(-5), and the maximum titer in the mosquitoes was 6.59; Culex tritaeniorhynchus was infected with titers ranged from 10(0)-10(-4) and the maximum titer was 5.74 logPFU/ml.

CONCLUSIONBy intrathoracic infection, the attenuated JE virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain can replicate in both species of mosquitoes.

Animals ; Culex ; classification ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; growth & development ; immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; virology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; virology ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; immunology ; Species Specificity ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; immunology ; Viral Plaque Assay

OBJECTIVETo develop quality of life questionnaire of Chinese medicine for postoperative patients with colorectal cancer (QLQ-CMPPCC), thus comprehensively and objectively evaluating the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine and pharmacy in treating postoperative patients with colorectal cancer (CC).

METHODSThe theoretical structure model of the questionnaire was addressed in combined with basic theories of Chinese medicine according to the principle of WHO quality of life (QOL). The primary questionnaire was developed using methods of structuralization policy making after we extensively retrieve various universal and specific questionnaires for CC cancer patients at home and abroad. The 205 CC patients were tested by questionnaire. The items were screened using experts grading method, item selection analysis, dispersion trends of standard deviation, t-test, correlation coefficient method, factor analysis,and Cronbach's alpha.

RESULTSThe QLQ-CMPPCC was developed containing four domains of physical, psychological, independence, and social functions, involving 20 aspects and 54 items. Of them, non-fistula patients answered 43 items and fistula patients answered 46 items. One item covered the general QOL evaluation.

CONCLUSIONSQLQ-CMPPCC showed Chinese medical features. It comprehensively reflected the connotation of QOL for postoperative CC patients. It could be taken as a tool for evaluating Chinese medical efficacy for postoperative CC patients.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To improve the differential awareness of lead porsoning.Methods:A case with stomachache, anemia, myasthenia, and abnormal urine color was described. The diagnosis and treatment were analyzed and discussed.Results:A middle-aged female was admitted with a 9-month medical history, compalnied with rash, stomachache. She also had evidence of hemolytic anemia,nervous system and kidneys imvolvement, and Lab test showed a significantly elevated blood lead level. It was considered to be in line with multiple organ system damage caused by lead poisoning.Conclusion:Lead poisoning can mimic the clinical presentations of rheumatic diseases, resulting in multiple system ivolvement. When the patient's clinical manifestation cannot be fully explained, some special situations should be considered, such as toxic testing.

Objective:To study the characteristics and influencing factors of vaginal microbiota in normal pregnant women.Methods:This study was based on a cohort of pregnant women established in Anqing Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from February 2018 to February 2020. Vaginal samples of normal pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were ordered by the gestational weeks at sampling. Five samples were randomly selected from each gestational week group and if the samples were less than five, all samples were included. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed. Dominant species were analyzed by MicrobiomeAnalyst. Alpha diversity was measured with Chao1, Observed Features, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, Faith_pd and Pielou′s Evenness. The dominant status of Lactobacillus was also described and compared. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the factors influencing vaginal microbiota. Analysis of variance and Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis of continuous variables, and Chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were used for categorical data. The differences were considered statistically significant when the P value was less than 0.05. Results:This study enrolled 91 pregnant women (91 vaginal samples) with an average age of (27.37±3.60) years. There were 18, 56 and 17 vaginal samples collected at the median gestational age of 11.93 weeks (the first trimester), 19.43 weeks (the second trimester) and 38.29 weeks (the third trimester), respectively. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus was 91.30% and 87.67%, respectively. Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus crispatus had a relative abundance of 43.95% and 36.33%, respectively. Moreover, Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota was detected in all trimesters. The number of samples with high relative abundance of Lactobacillus iners gradually decreased with gestational age. Lactobacillus crispatus-dominated vaginal microbiota was found in the second and third trimesters and the number of samples with high relative abundance gradually increased during pregnancy. The Alpha diversity of vaginal microbiota had a decreasing trend during the gestation. There were significant differences in Pielou′s Evenness diversity index of vaginal microbiota between different smoking groups ( P<0.05) and in Shannon diversity index between different drinking groups ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in Chao1, Observed Features and Faith_pd diversity index of vaginal microbiota between pregnant women with different education ( P<0.05) and in Shannon and Simpson diversity index between different income groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Vaginal microbiota was dominated by Lactobacillus in normal pregnant women. The dominance of Lactobacillus iners gradually decreased, while that of Lactobacillus crispatus increased during gestation. In normal pregnant women, the Alpha diversity of vaginal microbiota was correlated with smoking, drinking, education and family annual income. Smoking cessation and drinking before pregnancy were related to lower Alpha diversity of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women, while lower education and higher family income were associated with higher Alpha diversity.

Objective:To study the characteristics of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and to establish prediction models for PROM.Methods:This study involved 35 women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), 180 with term premature rupture of membranes (TPROM) and 255 term birth cases without premature rupture of membranes (TBWPROM, control group). The V3-V4 hypervariable region sequences in the vaginal samples collected at 16-28 weeks of gestation were detected by 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. The differences in Alpha and Beta diversity, and the attributes and metabolic function prediction of each recognized species among the three groups were analyzed. Subsequently, a random forest model was used to establish the prediction models for PROM using vaginal microbiota species and environmental risk factors.Results:Compared with the control group, the Alpha diversity of the PPROM group was higher (Observed features, P=0.022; Faith_pd index, P=0.024) and Beta diversity was also significantly different (Unweighted UniFrac, P=0.010; Jaccard index, P=0.008). In PPROM cases, Megasphaera genomosp. typeⅠ was significantly increased ( P=0.017) and Lactobacillus mulieris was significantly decreased ( P=0.003). In the patients with TPROM, Megasphaera was significantly increased ( P=0.009) and Lactobacillus mulieris was significantly decreased ( P=0.002). In terms of functional pathways, sulfur oxidation ( P=0.021), methanogenesis from acetate ( P=0.036), L-histidine biosynthesis ( P=0.009), adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis ( P=0.041) and fucose degradation ( P=0.001) were significantly increased in patients with PPROM; L-histidine biosynthesis ( P<0.001) and fucose degradation ( P=0.030) were significantly increased in patients with TPROM. The prediction models were established using the random forest model with vaginal microbiota species and environmental risk factors and the prediction model for PPROM performed well [AUC: 0.739 (95%CI: 0.609-0.869), sensitivity: 0.928, specificity: 0.659, positive predictive value: 0.750, negative predictive value: 0.906], which had a certain reference value. Conclusions:Vaginal microbiota might be related to the development and progression of PROM. Studying the differences in vaginal microbiota might provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PROM. Functional prediction provided a direction for further research on the mechanism of PROM. The established prediction model could prevent the occurrence of PPROM and promote maternal and infant health.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS)is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis(MS).It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion.Due to the lack of unique clinical features,OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis.Besides,the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis.Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties.The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS.However,this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality.Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members,our consensus focuses on characteristics,symptoms,classification and diagnosis of OMS,and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS,as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements.This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS,and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS,which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.

BACKGROUNDAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczema/AD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD.

METHODSA hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients (12 years and over) with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSA total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected (1369 male and 1293 female). Of all 2662 patients, 2062 (77.5%) patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 (22.5%) patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine (80.4%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four (43.0%) patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight (58.2%) patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients.

CONCLUSIONLate-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Eczema ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires