Very low-density lipoprotein receptor(VLDLR)is a transmembrane lipoprotein receptor and plays an important role in the disorder of lipid metabolism in diabetes.The finding of changes in expression and distribution of two subtypes of VLDLR in diabetes as well as the effective VLDLR gene therapy in hyperlipidemia have drawn attention to the VLDLR as a potential target for prevention of abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetes.

Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in the streptozotocin- and high fat-induced diabetic rats and normal rats.The results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of 11?- hydroxysleroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11?-HSD1) was higher in the diabetic rats than that in control and was correlated with fasting plasma glucose,insulin and AUC-I/G with respective correlation coefficient (r) of 0.870, - 0.799,- 0.850,suggesting that increased expression of 11?-HSD1 appears to damage?-cell function through magnifying the local effect of glucocorticoids.

Abstract: Objective　To collect and organize malaria case data in Hubei Province from 2017 to 2021, compare and analyze the malaria epidemic characteristics on the before and after malaria elimination, and provide scientific support for Hubei Province to further optimize the comprehensive strategies to prevent re-transmission after the elimination of malaria. Methods The study was conducted by collecting the data of reported malaria cases of Hubei during 2017-2021 from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Reporting and Management System, and conducting the epidemiological characteristics of malaria on pre-elimination (2017-2019) and post-elimination (2020-2021). Results A total of 429 cases of imported malaria were reported in Hubei Province from 2017 to 2021, and the malaria epidemic showed an obvious trend of rising first and then falling. On the pre-malaria elimination, 374 malaria cases were reported, including 262 cases of P.falciparum (70.05%); on the post-malaria elimination, 55 malaria cases were reported, including 25 cases of P.falciparum (45.45%). There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of infections caused by the four types of malaria parasites before and after the elimination of malaria (χ2=14.248, P<0.05). On the pre-malaria elimination, the peak of disease onset mainly occurred in January, July, and November; on the post-malaria elimination, the peak of disease onset mainly occurred in January to February, and December. Both before and after malaria elimination, the reported cases were mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Yichang, Huangshi, Xiangyang, Shiyan and Huanggang, but the range of cases showed a clear trend of narrowing. Before and after malaria elimination, malaria cases in Hubei Province were mainly among young and middle-aged males aged 30-49. The proportions of workers and migrant workers increased from 37.70% and 9.09% before the elimination to 50.91% and 18.18% after the elimination, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=17.839, P<0.05). The percentage of interval from onset of illness to initial diagnosis ≥ 5d decreased from 21.66% before the elimination to 10.91% after the elimination (χ2=6.448, P<0.05). The percentage of definitive diagnosis of malaria at initial diagnosis in town clinic increased from 18.18% before the elimination to 50.00% after the elimination. The proportion of malaria cases diagnosed by county-level medical institutions increased from 22.73% before the elimination to 34.55% after elimination. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of malaria cases diagnosed by medical institutions at all levels before and after the elimination of malaria (χ2=5.630, P>0.05). The proportion of cases with the interval between initial diagnosis and diagnosis within 24h increased from 43.85% before the elimination to 70.91% after the elimination. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of cases with the interval between initial diagnosis and diagnosis before and after the elimination of malaria (χ2=14.006, P<0.05). Before and after malaria elimination, all reported cases were mainly imported from African countries. Conclusions There are imported malaria cases reported every year in Hubei Province before and after the elimination of malaria, which poses a great challenge to the prevention of re-transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance system, detect and standardize the treatment of imported malaria cases in a timely manner, conduct targeted retransmission risk surveys and assessments, and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.

Objective To understand the current status of paragonimiasis epidemic in western mountain areas in Hubei Prov-ince. Methods Four counties(cities)of Western Hubei Province(Xingshan,Enshi,Yunxi,Baokang)were selected as the investigation sites for active surveillance. Crabs were captured and the metacercariae of Paragonimus were detected. Meanwhile, the blood samples were collected from the residents in the surveillance sites and the unique IgG and IgM antibodies against Para-gonimus in the sera were detected by ELISA. In addition,a questionnaire survey about knowledge and behavior of prevention and control of paragonimiasis was taken among the residents. Results A total of 1143 residents were investigated in the active surveillance,the total positive rate of the serology test was 1.84%(21/1143),while the rates of the male and the female were 1.78%(10/562)and 1.89%(11/581),respectively,with no statistical significance between them(χ2=0.002,P>0.05). The average weight of 161 fresh-water crabs captured was 11.72 g,with the positive rate of 9.32%(15/161)and the infective density of 7.07 metacercariae per positive crab. The positive rates of the male and female crabs were 11.54%(9/78)and 7.23%(6/83), respectively(χ2=0.884,P>0.05),and the infective densities were 6.67 and 7.67 metacercariae per positive crab,respective-ly. Totally 1143 residents were investigated by questionnaires,and 0.44%of them had the behavior of eating raw or half-done fresh-water crab,and 0.87% of them had the behavior of drinking un-boiled stream water. Conclusions The transmission chain of paragonimiasis still exists in the nature environment of mountain area in Western Hubei Province. The positive rate of the second intermediate host rebounds in some investigation sites. Therefore,the measures of continuous surveillance and health education should be taken to avoid the appearance of the prevalence or outbreak.

Objective To analyze 10 years survival status of urban female patients with corpus uteri cancer and its influencing factors in Liaoning Province. Methods Based on Liaoning cancer register database, 426 patients with corpus uteri cancer in Shenyang, Anshan and Benxi from 2000 to 2002 were randomly selected. They were followed up passively and actively. Life table method and Ederer Ⅱ method were used to calculate the observed survival rate (OSR), the expected survival rate (ESR) and the relative survival rate (RSR). Results We finally included 218 corpus uteri patients. The diagnosis proportions of stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ were 59.2%, 11.5%, 11.0% and 8.7%, respectively. Ten-year RSR and OSR were 59.6% and 67.9%. The diagnosis stage was negatively correlated with 10-year RSR. The 10-year RSR of patients treated with surgery was 71.3%, which was 6.6 times that of non-surgical treatment (10.8%). The 1-year RSR to 10-year RSR ranged from 88.4% to 67.5%. The RSR of each stage was Ⅰ-Ⅱ(95.7%-77.9%) > Ⅲ (71.4%-44.5%) > Ⅳ (58.4%-11.0%). Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that age > 55 years old, late diagnosis stage and non-surgical treatment were the main factors affecting the 10-year survival rate. Conclusion Early diagnosis and surgical treatment can significantly improve the long-term survival rate of patients. Therefore, we should strengthen the early detection and treatment of corpus uteri cancer, standardize and strengthen the screening program.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Lycium barbanun glycopeptide(LbGP)against osteogenic inhibition induced by exosomes derived from human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs)exposed to radiation.Methods Cultured HGFs with or without LbGP pretreatment were exposed to 8 Gy X-ray radiation,and the changes in cell apoptosis,senescence and α-SMA level were detected using RT-qPCR,Western blotting and β-galactosidase staining.The exosomes secreted by the treated cells were extracted,and after identification by electron microscopy,particle size analysis and Western blotting,the exosomes were added into primary cultured bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),and osteoclast activity and osteogenesis in the cell cultures were detected by Trap staining,Alizarin red staining,ALP staining,RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results In cultured HGFs,X-ray radiation significantly increased the percentage of senescent cells,which was obviously lowered by LbGP treatment.X-ray radiation significantly reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increased α-SMA expression in HGFs,and these changes were significantly suppressed by LbGP pretreatment.In rat BMSCs,incubation with the exosomes derived from HGFs with radiation exposure caused a significant increase of osteoclasts,reduced calcium nodules and lowered alkaline phosphatase expression in the cells;The opposite changes were observed in the cells treated with exosomes from LbGP-pretreated HGFs,which also significantly increased the cellular expressions of the osteogenic genes(BMP2,ALP,and RUNX2)and proteins(ALP and RUNX2)as compared with the exosomes from irradiated HGFs.Conclusion LbGP can effectively inhibit osteoclast activity and promote osteogenesis by acting on exosomes secreted by irradiated HGFs,suggesting its potential value for treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Lycium barbanun glycopeptide(LbGP)against osteogenic inhibition induced by exosomes derived from human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs)exposed to radiation.Methods Cultured HGFs with or without LbGP pretreatment were exposed to 8 Gy X-ray radiation,and the changes in cell apoptosis,senescence and α-SMA level were detected using RT-qPCR,Western blotting and β-galactosidase staining.The exosomes secreted by the treated cells were extracted,and after identification by electron microscopy,particle size analysis and Western blotting,the exosomes were added into primary cultured bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),and osteoclast activity and osteogenesis in the cell cultures were detected by Trap staining,Alizarin red staining,ALP staining,RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results In cultured HGFs,X-ray radiation significantly increased the percentage of senescent cells,which was obviously lowered by LbGP treatment.X-ray radiation significantly reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increased α-SMA expression in HGFs,and these changes were significantly suppressed by LbGP pretreatment.In rat BMSCs,incubation with the exosomes derived from HGFs with radiation exposure caused a significant increase of osteoclasts,reduced calcium nodules and lowered alkaline phosphatase expression in the cells;The opposite changes were observed in the cells treated with exosomes from LbGP-pretreated HGFs,which also significantly increased the cellular expressions of the osteogenic genes(BMP2,ALP,and RUNX2)and proteins(ALP and RUNX2)as compared with the exosomes from irradiated HGFs.Conclusion LbGP can effectively inhibit osteoclast activity and promote osteogenesis by acting on exosomes secreted by irradiated HGFs,suggesting its potential value for treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlative factors affecting the IIEF-5 scores of the patient with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).

METHODSA total of 149 T2DM patients were investigated for the relationships between their IIEF-5 score and such factors as age, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hPG, insulin (INS), GHbA1c, C-peptide, nitric oxide (NO), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), the ratio of testosterone to estradiol (T/E), erythrocyte aldose reductase (AR), drinking, smoking, concomitant diseases, complications and medication.

RESULTSThe scores of the groups of smoking, complication, medication and concomitant disease were significantly lower than those of the controls. There was significant negative correlation between IIEF-5 scores and age, BMI, FPG, 2hPG, INS, GHbA1c and AR (P < 0.05), and significant positive correlation between IIEF-5 scores and NO (P < 0.05). But there was no correlation between drinking, T, E2 and T/E2 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMany factors may affect the IIEF-5 scores of T2DM patients.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aldehyde Reductase ; blood ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Penile Erection ; physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) and Bax on mouse islet cell apoptosis in the presence of high glucose in vitro.

METHODSThe pancreatic islet cells were isolated from Kunming mice and divided into 6 groups (G1-G6 groups) for a 72-h culture in the media containing different concentrations of glucose (5.6, 7.8, 11.1, 16.7, 22.2, and 27.6 mmol/L, respectively). Insulin secretion by the cells was evaluated by radioimmunoassay, and the expressions of IRS2 and Bax were detected using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Hoechst33342 staining was employed to observe the cell apoptosis.

RESULTSExposure to 5.6-11.1 mmol/L glucose resulted in increased insulin secretion and progressive elevation of IRS2 and Bax expression, whereas the cell apoptosis underwent no obvious changes. In the presence of glucose above 16.7 mmol/L, the percentages of apoptotic islet cells increased with glucose concentration, but insulin secretion and IRS2 expression decreased; Bax expression significantly increased in the presence of high-concentration glucose.

CONCLUSIONProlonged exposure of mouse islet cells to high glucose induces apoptosis and impairs insulin secretion of the cells. Decreased IRS2 expression and increased Bax expression may play an important role in the glucotoxicity in mouse islet cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone /metformin hydrochloride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods A randomized, double-blind, metformin and pioglitazone hydrochloride-controlled, and multicenter clinical trial was conducted. A total of 240 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study, in which 120 patients received pioglitazone/ metformin, and 120 patients received metformin and pioglitazone. Result Comparing to the baseline, the fasting blood glucose ( FBG) , 2 h postprandial blood glucose (P2hBG) and HbAlc levels in tow groups were significantly reduced after 16-week treatment ( P < 0. 01 ) . In pioglitazone/metformin group, the mean reductions of FBG, P2hBG and HbAlc levels were (1. 92 ± 1. 77 ) mmol · L~(-1), ( 2. 49 ± 3. 13 ) mmol · L~(-1), (1. 27 ± 1. 45 ) % respectively. In metformin and pioglitazone group, the mean reductions of FBG, P2hBG and HbAlc levels were (2. 24 ±2. 11) mmol · L~(-1), (2. 89 ± 3. 71) mmol · L~(-1), ( 1. 49 ± 1. 52)% respectively. The differences in reductions of FBG, P2hBG and HbAlc level between the groups were not statistically significant. The incidence of adverse drug reaction in two groups was similar (10% vs 12%). Conclusion This result provides an efficacy and safety of pioglitazone /metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.