For the problems that 3 first-class ternary hospitals which are not directly affiliated to medical universities are facing in cultivating high-educated staff's scientific abilities,analyze the importance to carry out scientific work in clinic and discuss how to improve their scientific abilities from hospitals,departments and high-educated staff themselves.

In this paper, the popular domestic varieties and quality standard of Scrophulariaceae plants used in Tibetan medicine were analyzed. The results showed that there were 11 genera and 99 species (including varieties), as well as 28 medicinal materials varieties of Scrophulariaceae plants were recorded in the relevant literatures. In relevant Tibetan standards arid literatures, there are great differences in varieties, sources, parts, and efficacies of medicinal plant. Among them, about 41.4% (including 41 species) of endemic plants, about 15.2% (including 15 species) of the original plants have medicinal standard legal records, except the medicinal materials of Scrophalaria ningpoensis, Lagotis brevituba, Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Veronica eriogyne general, most varieties have not completed quality standard. Consequently it is necessary to reinforce the herbal textual, resources and the use present situation investigation, the effects of the species resources material foundation and biological activity, quality standard, specification the medical terms of the plants, and promote Tibetan medicinal vareties-terminologies-sources such as the criterion and quality standard system for enriching the varieties of Tibetan medicinal materials and Chinese medicinal resources.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Scrophulariaceae ; chemistry ; classification

In this paper, the domestic varieties and quality standard of Leguminosae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine were analyzed. The results showed that there were 36 genera and 142 species (including varieties), as well as 64 medicinal materials varieties of Leguminosae plants were recorded in relevant literatures. In relevant Tibetan standards and literatures, there are great differences in varieties, sources, used parts, and efficacy of medicinal plants. Among them, about 38.0% (including 54 species) of the endemic plants, about 25.4% (including 36 species) of the original plants have medicinal standard legal records, except 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine general quality standard more fairly completed, the most varieties have only description about characters, identification, etc. Therefore it is necessary to reinforce study for the herbal textual, resources and the use present situation, chemical components and biological activity, quality standard, medicinal terms specification, to promote establishment of quality standard system for variety-terminologies-sources of Tibetan medicinal plants.
Fabaceae ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; standards

Objective to investigate the value of diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging in the diagnosis of head and neck lesions.Methods Fifty-seven patients with 85 head and neck lesions were enrolled in the study,including 22 patients with 22 malignant tumors,13 patients with 13 benign tumors, 13 patients with 17 cystic and liquefactive lesions(including 8 patients with 12 cystic lesions,4 patients with 4 tumor necrosis,1 patients with 1 abcess)and 33 lymph nodes.The lesions were all confirmed by operation and clinical follow up.Echo-planar difffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)was performed with different b values (0,500,and 1,000s?mm~(-2)),and the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs)were measured.Results Malignant and benign tumors had different characteristics in DWI with different b values.With the increase of b value,the signal intensity of tumor/spinal cord ratio decreased quickly in DWI in benign tumors,while the signal intensity of tumor/spinal cord ratio remained similar in DWI in malignant tumors.The mean ADC value of'malignant tumors[(0.78?0.24)?10~(-3)mm~2? s~(-1)] was significantly lower than that of benign tumors [(1.48?+0.20)?10~(-3)mm~2?s~(-1)] (t = 8.9,P

According to the results of activity-structure relationship (SAR) studies of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists hydantoin-phenylpiperazine and benzimidazo-arypiperazine derivatves, to design and synthesize a series of novel phenylpiperazine alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists with more potent vasorelaxant activity, active metabolites of naftopidil were used as lead compounds. Ten novel R,S-1-substituted phenyl-4-[3-(naphthal-yl-oxy)-2-hydroxy propyl]-piperazine were designed and synthesized, their vasorelaxant activity was evaluated by calculating inhibition rate of phenylephrine-induced vasocontration of rabbit artery trips. Five compounds exhibited vasorelaxant activity, and compound 16 showed significant vasorelaxant activity in vitro. At 0.01 and 1 micromol x L(-1), its inhibition rates were 7.03% and 22.72%, respectively. This compound possessed ideal vasorelaxant activity in vitro, and would be selected for further anti-hypertension evaluation in vivo. Moreover, by analyzing the primary activity and structure relationship of these compounds, it could be concluded that the SAR results of the reported phenylpiperazine alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists could be used for reference in designing novel derivatives of naftopidil with optimal pharmacological properties.
Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects

This paper is in order to discussion with the composition and characteristics of Tibetan medicine plant resources, and promote the reasonable protection and utilization of the resources of Tibetan materia medica. Statistical analysis of species, distributions, and others of Chinese endemic seed plant from Tibetan medicine plants and usually used in the clinic of Tibetan medicine. The results showed that there are 523 species (25%) of Chinese endemic seed plant, belonging to 65 families and 162 genera, in about 2 000 varieties of Tibetan medicine plants recorded in relevant literatures. There are 180 Chinese endemic seed plant species (28%) belonging to 42 families and 72 genera from 625 medicine plants usually used in the clinic of Tibetan medicine. Specifically, the most of these Chinese endemic seed plant species are characteristic crude drug used in Tibetan medicine, and mainly or only distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. And a few species of them were intersected with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and other ethnic medicines. In addition, about 10% are listed in China Species Red List. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most abundant areas of Areal-types of the Chinese endemic seed plant. This is the biological and ecological reason formation the characteristics of Tibetan medicine plant resources. Therefore, strengthen the research of Chinese endemic seed plants used in Tibetan medicine is great significance for the reasonable protection and utilization of Tibetan medicine plant resources.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Seeds ; chemistry ; classification ; Tibet

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of the expression of S100P on the prognosis and tumor chemosensitivity in patients with resectable gastric cancer and its mechanisms.

METHODSThe expression of S100P was analyzed in 121 resected primary gastric cancer tissues by using tissue array of immunohistochemistry excised from January 2003 to December 2007. The patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin. The pEGFP-S100P plasmid was constructed and was transfected into BGC823 cell line to establish gastric cancer cell line with over-expression of human S100P, BGC823-S100P. The expression level of S100P was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. The chemosensitivity of BGC823-S100P cell line to oxaliplatin was detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay.

RESULTSThe S100P was positively expressed in 64 tumors (52.9%, 64/121). Although there was no significant relation between the expression of S100P and tumor T staging (P = 0.683), N staging (P = 0.472), M staging (P = 0.770) and differentiation (P = 0.553), Wilcoxon test showed that the 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients with positive S100P expression was significantly higher than that of patients with negative expression (20.3% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.034). Furthermore, overexpressed of S100P was found in the BGC823 cell line, BGC823-S100P. The mRNA and protein level of S100P in pEGFP transfected BGC823-S100P cell lines were significantly higher than those in control group (8.42 ± 1.38 vs. 0.83 ± 0.11 and 3.52 ± 0.48 vs. 0.97 ± 0.19, all P < 0.05). It indicated with MTT assay that the half-inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) to oxaliplatin decreased in BGC823-S100P cells, and was significantly lower than that in vector-only transfected cells [(142 ± 16) mg/L vs. (266 ± 11) mg/L, P = 0.032].

CONCLUSIONSS100P may also be a potentially novel independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients following curative resection. And it could improve the cumulative survival of the patients through enhancing the chemosensitivity of tumor cell line to oxaliplatin.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDAntimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin LL-37, human beta defensin (HBD)-2, and HBD-3, are important elements of the innate immune response and involved in modulation of the adaptive immunity, and they also play an important role in cutaneous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODSThe fresh skin tissues and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from three cutaneous tuberculosis, two tuberculids, and ten healthy individuals were collected. The expressions of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 mRNA in the lesions of three cutaneous tuberculosis and two tuberculids were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; the protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods.

RESULTSThe expressions of LL-37 mRNA and protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin. The expression of HBD-2 mRNA had an increasing trend in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids compared with that of normal skin; however, the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis had a decreasing trend compared with that of normal skin, and the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of tuberculids was similar to that of normal skin. The expressions of HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin.

CONCLUSIONSOur study indicated that the expression of HBD-2 and HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis may be not consistent with that of tuberculids. However, an inherent limitation of the present study was that the sample size was small, and the roles and regulation mechanisms of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 in cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids need to be further investigated.

Adult ; Aged ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous ; metabolism ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the development of glomerulosclerosis by experimental alteration of fibronectin (FN) and Type IV collagen (Col IV) expression in cultured rat mesangial cells (MsC).

METHODSCTGF expression vector was transfected into MsC by Lipofectimine method. Protein and mRNA expression levels of CTGF, FN and Col IV were studied by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.

RESULTSTwo of MsC clones (MCT-1 and MCT-2) with CTGF overexpression were successfully established and found to have significant increases of FN and Col IV at both protein and mRNA levels. Compared with the controls, the expression of FN protein and mRNA in the two clones were 3.2 times (P < 0.05) and 2.9 times (P < 0.05) higher respectively. The expression of Col IV protein and mRNA was 3.8 times (P < 0.01) and 2.4 times (P < 0.01) higher respectively.

CONCLUSIONCTGF up-regulates FN and Col IV expression in MsC and may play an important role in the development of glomerulosclerosis.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type IV ; genetics ; metabolism ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Mesangial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo review the research progress on Type IV secretion system (T4SS) in Helicobacter pylori.

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were identified by searching of PUBMED (1995 - 2007) online resources using the key terms 'Type IV secretion system' and 'Helicobacter pylori'.

STUDY SELECTIONMainly original articles and critical reviews written by major pioneer investigators of this field were selected.

RESULTSThe research progress on T4SS in Helicobacter pylori was summarized. The structure and function was discussed.

CONCLUSIONST4SS is not only involved in toxin secretion and injection of virulence factors into eukaryotic host target cells, but also involved in horizontal DNA transfer to other bacteria and eukaryotic cells, through DNA uptake from or release into the extracellular milieu. It provides a new insight into the pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori and a novel target for antimicrobials development. However, many challenges remain for us in understanding the biological role of T4SS in Helicobacter pylori.

Bacterial Proteins ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Multigene Family