Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)therapy on abilities of learning and memory and hippocampal pyramidal cell in vascular dementia rats.MethodsThe vascular dementia model was reproduced and divided into control,sham and treatment groups.After 30 d of HBO therapy,the rats were assessed with the Morris water maze,and their hippocampal pyramidal cells were observed after HE staining.ResultsCompared with the control group,the ability of learning and memory of rats in treatment group increased,as well as the hippocampal pyramidal cells did.ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used to treat vascular dementia.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the role of PTEN in the suppression of neural stem cells so as to clarify whether neural stem cell proliferation can be promoted by regulating the PI3K-Akt/PTEN expression level. Methods We removed the hippocampus from neonatal 24 h Kunming mice,isolated and cultured the generation of neural stem cells,which were then identified by immunofluorescence test.We randomly grouped the cultured neural stem cells into normal group,ischemia model group,hypoxia group (hypoxia + ischemia model group),Lip2000 group (hypoxia+ ischemia model group + Lip2000 null transfection group,PTEN transfection group (hypoxia +ischemia model group+Ad5-PTEN transfection group),and PTEN interference group (hypoxia+ ischemia model group+Lip2000+PTENsiRNA interference group).We detected the proliferation of neural stem cells in the groups at different time points,and PTEN protein expression of neural stem cells in each group after PTEN transfection,
and the effect on iconic protein on Akt-PI3K signaling pathway.Results (1 )Nestin identification of the neural stem cells was tested by immunofluorescence.We observed green bright and typical cell spheroids under fluorescence microscope;the clear structure could be seen within spheroids.(2)We determined the proliferation of neural stem cells at different time points by MTT.After 36 h of culture,the neural stem cells had obvious proliferation in the hypoxia group and Lip2000 group compared with the model group, the PTEN transfection group and PTEN interference group (P <0.05),including the cell proliferation of PTEN interference group compared to that of the model group,and PTEN transfection group obviously,the differences were also significant (P < 0.05 );(3 ) Compared with the cells in the normal group,PTEN expression increased in the model group and PTEN gene transfection group (P <0.05);it was all lower in other groups than in the normal group (P <0.05).The trend of decrease was similar in hypoxia group,Lip2000 group,and PTEN interference group (P >0.05);(4)After PTEN plasmid transfection,there were no apparent changes in the total Akt and bad in the groups,but compared with the normal group,PI3K,p-Akt,and p-bad expressions in model group and PTEN gene transfection group reduced (P <0.05),with the more obvious changes in the PTEN transfection group.PI3K,p-Akt,and p-bad expressions in the hypoxia group, Lip2000 group and PTEN interference group increased (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Hypoxia contributes to promoting the proliferation of neural stem cells,and the inhibition of PTEN on PI3K/Akt might be the key factor for blocked proliferation of adult neural stem cells.

Objective To observe the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on magnetic resonance spectroscopy of vascular dementia (VD) rats.Methods After the VD model was reproduced, the 12 rats were randomly divided into the therapy group and dementia group with 6 animals in each group. Another 6 rats were selected as sham operation group. The VD rats in therapy group were treated with bFGF by hypodermic injection. After 5 weeks, abilities of learning and memory of three groups' rats were tested by Morris water maze. The changes of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), NAA/（Cr＋Cho） in lobus temporalis of VD rats were also observed.Results Abilities of learning and memory of rats significantly improved in the therapy group than that in the dementia group (P<0.01). The values of NAA, NAA/（Cr＋Cho） in lobus temporalis of VD rats significantly increased in the therapy group than that in the dementia group (P<0.01).Conclusion bFGF by hypodermic injection can obviously elevate abilities of learning and memory and the values of NAA, NAA/（Cr＋Cho） in lobus temporalis of VD rats.

Objective: To explore current status of antithrombotic therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial ifbrillation (NVAF) at Macau area of china via clinical data analysis.
Methods: A total of 472 NVAF patients treated in Centro Hospitalar Conde de S?o Januário (CHCSJ) from 2014-01 to 2041-12 were enrolled. The patients were at the age of (73.0±10.9) years including 197 (41.7%) female and 244 (51.7%)≥75 years. The baseline condition, clinical characteristics and antithrombotic therapy were analyzed; relevant scores were calculated, CHA2DS2-VASc score≥2 was deifned as high risk of stroke and HAS-BLED score≥3 was deifned as high risk of bleeding.
Results: The average CHA2DS2-VASc score was (3.4±1.8) and 389/472 (82.4%) patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scor≥2; the mean HAS-BLED score was (1.96±1.03) and 132 (28.0%) patients with HAS-BLED score≥3. There were 184 (38.9%) patients received antiplatelet therapy, 101 (21.4%) received warfarin, 156 (33.1%) received new oral anticoagulant drug and 22 patients taken both antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments simultaneously; 53 (11.2%) patients had no antithrombotic therapy. The patients with high risk of stroke had the higher rate of anticoagulant therapy (215/472, 55.3%) and the application rate of new anticoagulant drug was higher than warfarin.
Conclusion: NVAF patients had the higher risk of stroke as more than 80% with CHA2DS2-VASc score≥2 and most patients received anticoagulant therapy in Macau area. The application rate of new anticoagulant drug was higher than warfarin.

Objective To further investigated the effect of minocycline on the inhibition of microglial activation and subsequent protection of nigral DA neuron.Methods 20 rats injected with LPS in the substantia nigra (SN) were randomly divided into two groups (LPS group and LPS+Minocycline group).The behavior was observed on the 7~(th) d and 14~(th) d.The immunohistoehemistry,in situ hybridization and Western-blot were used to detect the levels of positive neuron,mRNA,protein of TH and OX-42. Results The slightly rotational behavior was observed in LPS+Minoeyeline group.The majority of mieroglias were activated in the two groups.Some microglia in the SNpc remained ramified in LPS+ Minocycline group.The numbers of hypertophie microglia in LPS+Minoeyeline group were less than that in LPS group.Western-blot showed that the protein of OX-42 in two LPS groups was higher than in normal group(P

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects of Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (ILVG) aqueous extract on the acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.

METHODSixty rats were allocated into control group, model group, low, middle and high dosage group and Bifendate group randomly. At the test group, rats received either ILVG aqueous extract (15, 7.5, 3.75 g x kg(-1)) or Bifendate (45 mg x kg(-1)) by gastric perfusion daily for 10 consecutive days. In 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th days, 10% CCl4 (2 mL x kg(-1)) was given to rats by intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The rats were killed 24 h after the last adminiction with drug, the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin in serum were analyzed, the body weight, liver weight, spleen weight and thymus weight of each rat were measured, and the hepatic tissue pathology was observed.

RESULTILVG could decrease the ALT, AST, ALP and T-Bil in serum, restrain the enlargement of liver and the shrinkage of thymus, and reduce the necrosis in pathological observation.

CONCLUSIONILVG aqueous extract possesses the effects of protecting on the acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in rats.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Isodon ; chemistry ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of pure mucinous carcinomas of the breast with diffuse micropapillary pattern.

METHODSTwenty-six cases of micropapillary variant of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast were retrospectively reviewed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and clinical data analyses.

RESULTSThe age of 26 female patients ranged from 30 to 77 years old, of which 12 cases with clinical details available were mean 54 years old. The tumor diameter ranged from 0.8 to 9.0 cm (mean 3.2 cm). Ipsilateral axillary nodal metastases were identified in 3 cases. Cutaneous involvement was also found in 2 cases. The tumor cells showed the similar architectural arrangement as in invasive micropapillary carcinoma, with peripheral borders of the cell clusters highlighted by epithelial membrane antigen. Various amount of mucin occupied the retraction spaces around the tumor cells. Compared with conventional pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast, mucinous carcinomas with micropapillary pattern showed different nuclear grades (19 cases of grade I, 2 cases of grade II, 5 cases of grade III). The micropapillary cell clusters varied in size (22 cases of big micropapillary and 4 cases of small). Intraductal carcinoma was observed in 12 cases. Calcification and psammoma bodies were observed in 8 cases. Immunophenotyping, the tumor cells were with higher expression of hormone receptors, but HER2 were negative. Ki-67 positive index was 1% ∼ 70%. Neuroendocrine differentiation was observed in 6 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe micropapillary variant of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast, which mainly occurs in younger women, may carry the similar propensity for angioinvasion and nodal metastasis as infiltrating micropapillary carcinoma at least in cases with high nuclear grade. This morphologic subtype needs to be distinguished from conventional pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast and treated properly.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Catenins ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies

Advances in virtual and augmented reality technology have shown its potential for medical education and clinical application. The purpose of this review is to summarize how medical colleges and universities have explored in virtual and augmented reality technology for Medical Imaging in China and other countries. Applications of virtual and augmented reality technology for diagnostic radiology education can enrich the teaching contents, expand the space and time of teaching, and help students in analysis and diagnosis. In interventional radiology education, students can experience the medical environment which is close to the real one, simulate the surgical process, optimize the teaching resources and improve the teaching quality. With the comprehensive utilization of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and new computer technologies, virtual and augmented reality technology will bring a new revolution to future medical education.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features and histopathology of the neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast.

METHODSTwenty-two cases of NEC of the breast were analysed by morphology and immunohistochemistry using synaptophysin, chromogranin A, NSE, CD56, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, EGFR, CK5/6, CK14, p63, E-cadherin, p120, p53 and Ki-67 staining. HER2 gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for cases with HER2 protein expression 2+. The diagnosis of breast NEC relies on the expression of neuroendocrine markers expression in more than 50% of tumor cells, and no evidence of neuroendocrine carcinoma in any other parts of the body at the same time.

RESULTSThe patients aged from 31 to 96 years (mean 65.2 years), and all were female but one. Amongst the 22 patients studied, the NECs were in the left breast in 15 cases (68.2%) and in the right breast in seven cases (31.8%); the tumor size was 0.5 to 5.5 cm (mean 2.7 cm). Lymph node metastasis was found in six cases. Basing on the morphologic features, these 22 cases were categorized into six subtypes including nine cases of solid cohesive, six of mucinous, three of solid papillary, two of small cell, one of large cell and one of alveolar variants. Immunohistochemically, the expression rate of markers was 100% (22/22) for synaptophysin, 12/13 for NSE, 54.5% (12/22) for chromogranin A, and 5/16 for CD56. Also, 90.5% (19 of 21) of cases expressed ER, 81.0% (17 of 21) of cases expressed PR, and none expressed EGFR, CK5/6, CK14 and p63. HER2 protein over-expression (3+) and gene amplification was not detected in any case. All cases (19/19) were positive for membrane staining for E-cadherin and p120. p53 expression was seen in 6 of 17 cases. Ki-67 labeling index was less than 3% in 9.5% (2/21) of the cases, 3% to 20% in 66.7% (14/21) of the cases and more than 20% in 23.8% (5/21) of the cases. Both cases of HER2 (2+) did not show gene amplification by FISH. On the basis of immunophenotypes, most of the breast NECs were of the luminal molecular subtype, but not HER2-overexpression or basal-like subtypes.

CONCLUSIONSNEC of breast more likely occurs in elderly patients and in the left breast than the right breast. The most common morphology is the solid cohesive subtype, followed by the mucinous variant.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranins ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and indications of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. METHOD: Multilevel temperature-controlled radiofrequency therapy of soft palate, uvula, inferior turbinate, and tonsils were applied to 74 adults with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). There were 16 mild, 23 moderate, and 35 severe cases respectively in this study. Evaluation of mucosal injury and effect of radiofrequency therapy on pain, speech and swallowing were performed early after operation. The volume of targets and length of soft palate and uvula were measured three months after operation. Polysomnography, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Snoring Scale Score questionnaires were reevaluated six months after operation and compared with the results of pre-operation. Treatment outcome measurements were mainly based on polysomnography. RESULT: By our definition, 5 of 74 patients (6.76%) have been cured and 42 of 74 (56.76%) had improved totally. Mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) decreased significantly and mean lowest oxygen saturation value increased significantly postoperatively (P < 0.01). The total effective rate of the patients, whose obstructive sites were all treated by radiofrequency, was remarkably higher than that of the ones, whose obstructive sites were only partly treated by radiofrequency (P < 0.01). The total effective rate of the former was 72.92%. Patients showed a significant decrease in mean score on ESS and SSS postoperatively (P < 0.01). No significant complications were observed in most patients. There were little influence on pain, speech and swallowing. The volume or length of targets decreased obviously three months after operation. CONCLUSION Radiofrequency can reduce the volume of tissue. The short-term outcomes of radiofrequency were satisfying if obstructive sites had been all treated. This study demonstrates that the characters of radiofrequency are as follows: minimally invasive, safe, efficient, repeatable and multilevel applicable. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency therapy is a safe and effective procedure for hypertrophic infraturbinal when used separately, or as a part of a the combined approach for complex syndromes.
Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Contraindications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome