Objective To study the effects of salt sensitivity on evolution of blood pressure and develope- ment to hypertension from adolescents to youth.Methods A baseline survey was carried out in 4623 adolescents aged 6-15 years old in Hanzhong rural area in 1987,310 of them were recruited for determination of salt sensitiv- ity using the tests of oral saline load and furosemide sodium-volume depletion.Salt sensitivity (SS) were diag- nosed in 101 while 209 subjects as no-sah sensitivity (NSS).This cohort of adolescents were followed up for av- erage 18 years.Results The response rate for this cohort of adolescents was 71.9%.At the end of follow up period,BP in subjects with baseline SS was higher in youth than that in NSS (SBP:122.9?13.1 vs 117.3?12.4, P

Blue light has been widely used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia since the 1950s. Neonatal phototherapy can decrease plasma unconjugated bilirubin level, thus preventing bilirubin encephalopathy, and greatly reduces the exchange transfusion rate. Generally, it is accepted that the side effects of neonatal phototherapy are not serious and seem to be well controlled, however recent research has provided new evidence. The short-term side effects of phototherapy include interference with maternal-infant interaction, imbalance of thermal environment and water loss, electrolyte disturbance, bronze baby syndrome and circadian rhythm disorder. In addition, phototherapy may be associated with some long-term side effects such as melanocytic nevi and skin cancer, allergic diseases, patent ductus arteriosus and retinal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines, new light devices and alternative agents, as well as individualized treatments, to minimize the side effects of phototherapy.
Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; therapy ; Phototherapy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the compatibility laws for acupoint selection of acupuncture in treating diabetic gastroparasis (DGP) in modern literatures of clinical researches.

METHODSRetrieved were literatures related to treating DGP by acupuncture or acupuncture combined other therapies from PubMed, CNKI, and WF from 1982 to 2014. Analyzed were frequency of acupoint use, meridians selected acupoints belonged to, regions selected, association laws of selected compatible acupoints.

RESULTSRetrieved were 35 with compatibility frequencies more than 15 listed as follows: compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12) was 33 (94.29%); compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6) was 23 (65.71%), compatibility frequency of Zhongwan (CV12) and Neiguan (PC6) was 22 (62.86%), compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Neiguan (PC6) was 22 (62.86%); compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) was 16 (45.71%); compatibility frequency of Zhongwan (CV12) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) was 16 (45.71%); compatibility frequency of Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) was 15 (42.86%). Meridians selected acupoints belonged to were sequenced as Foot Yangming Stomach channel, Ren channel, Foot Taiyang Bladder channel, and so on. Acupoints selected were mainly in lower limbs, chest and abdomen, waist and back. The compatibility of Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12) was the most often used with the highest frequency.

CONCLUSIONSThe compatibility laws for acupoint selection of acupuncture in treating DGP were mainly dominated as upper-lower selection, three regions selection, local selection, anterior-posterior selection. The compatibility laws for acupoint selection of acupuncture along meridians were mainly dominated as the convergence points and exterior-interior meridian points.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diabetes Complications ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Meridians ; Stomach ; physiopathology ; Stomach Diseases ; drug therapy

This paper presents a medical electronic endoscopy real-time image acquisition and control system which consists of video codec chip, flash memory and FPGA. The hardware scheme and circuit design of the system is figured out, and the principle of ping-pong operation and the implementation of FPGA program is introduced. Experimental tests show that the designed system performs steadily, is easy to maintain, and reduces the cost greatly. The higher performance price ratio makes it have good application prospect in medical endoscopy.
Electronics, Medical ; Endoscopy ; Equipment Design ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Microcomputers ; Software Design

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of potassium and calcium supplementation in table salt on reduction of arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure.

METHODSA single blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out for two years in 220 adolescents with higher blood pressure, aged 18 - 22 years, who were randomly divided into supplementary group (n = 110) and control group (n = 110). Each of the subjects in the supplementary group and their family members was given 10 mmol of potassium and 10 mmol of calcium mixed in their table salt daily for 24 months.

RESULTSNight urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased (urinary Na(+), P < 0.05; urinary K(+), P < 0.01) and blood pressure lowered by 5.3 mm Hg/1.8 mm Hg in average from the baseline in the supplementary group two years after potassium and calcium supplementation, as compared with that in the control group increased by (1.3/1.7) mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONSAdequate supplement of potassium and calcium in daily table salt intake was an effective way to prevent form hypertension and could promote their urinary sodium excretion and reduction of arterial blood pressure in adolescents with higher blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Calcium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diet therapy ; prevention & control ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Potassium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium, Dietary ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo study the bacterial culture results of expressed breast milk.

METHODSA total of 1178 expressed breast milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. The breast milk sampled from the mothers of preterm neonates (n=615) and term neonates (n=563) who were hospitalized between May 2014 and April 2015.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in bacterial counts between the preterm and term sample groups (P>0.05). Potential intestinal pathogens were found in 55 samples (4.63%) of the 1178 samples, with no significant difference between the preterm and term sample groups (P>0.05). The second expressed milk samples from 33 mothers were cultured. Only 10 samples (30%) were found to have the same bacteria as the first time. The detection rate of bacterial load of ≥ 10⁵ CFU/mL was higher in those samples with potential intestinal pathogens, as compared with those samples without potential intestinal pathogens (43.64% vs 14.87%; P<0.05). There was no correlation between the incidence of neonatal infections and potential intestinal pathogens in breast milk.

CONCLUSIONSBreast milk is not sterile. Bacterial loads and phylotypes are variable. Random breast milk cultures can neither describe bacterial colonies in breast milk, nor be a predictor of neonatal infection.

Bacterial Load ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Milk, Human ; microbiology ; Pilot Projects

OBJECTIVETo explore young hypertensive people's vascular endothelial dysfunction and the early atherosclerosis changes.

METHODSRural youth subjects aged 20 to 35 in 6 villages were randomly selected from 20 villages of 3 townships, including Qili, Laojun and Shayan, in Hanzhong, Shanxi, China, from March to April of 2005, to survey their blood pressure and other related factors. 97 subjects with high blood pressure (hypertensive group) were detected while 400 with normal blood pressure (normal group). We measured their brachial artery flow-mediated vascular endothelial-dependent diastolic function (FMD) and the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by high resolution vascular ultrasound method, and other biochemical indexes.

RESULTSThe body mass index (BMI) ((24.7 ± 4.3) kg/m²), waistline ((84.1 ± 11.7) cm), hipline ((92.5 ± 7.4) cm), TC ((4.6 ± 0.8) mmol/L), LDL-C ((2.8 ± 0.5) mmol/L), TG ((1.7 ± 1.1) mmol/L) and the blood insulin (INS) ((8.6 ± 4.4) mIu/L) were all significantly increased in young hypertensive group than those in normotensive group (respectively were (22.1 ± 3.0) kg/m(2), (76.7 ± 8.9) cm, (88.9 ± 5.6) cm, (4.3 ± 0.7) mmol/L, (2.6 ± 0.4) mmol/L, (1.4 ± 0.8) mmol/L and (6.9 ± 2.1) mIu/L) (P < 0.05). The FMD of the brachial artery in hypertensive group was markedly lower than normal group ((0.103 ± 0.04)% and (0.117 ± 0.05)%, P < 0.05). The IMT of two groups were (0.49 ± 0.07) mm and (0.48 ± 0.07) mm, but there was no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONYoung hypertensive people with a few cardiovascular risk factors earlier appear dysfunction of the flow-mediated vascular endothelial-dependent dilation, which is prior to the increase in carotid IMT.

Adult ; Arteries ; pathology ; Atherosclerosis ; pathology ; Blood Pressure ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Adult ; Arthropathy, Neurogenic ; etiology ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; complications ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the research on neonatal jaundice in recent years by co-word analysis and to summarize the hot spots and trend of research in this field in China.

METHODSThe CNKI was searched with "neonate" and "jaundice" as the key words to identify the papers published from January 2009 to July 2013 that were in accordance with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. To reveal the relationship between different high-frequency key words, Microsoft Office Excel 2013 was used for statistical analysis of key words, and Ucinet 6.0 and Netdraw were used for co-occurrence analysis.

RESULTSA total of 2 054 papers were included, and 44 high-frequency key words were extracted. The current hotspots of research on neonatal jaundice in China were displayed, and the relationship between different high-frequency key words was presented.

CONCLUSIONSThere has been in-depth research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of neonatal jaundice in China, but further research is needed to investigate the etiology, mechanism, and treatment of neonatal jaundice.

Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy