It has been widely recognized that bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the best predictors of osteoporosis. Sex hormone status clearly affects bone either directly or indirectly. A longer estrogen exposure appears to be a major determinant of postmenopausal BMD and cardiovascular disease(CVD). However, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions that BMD might be used as a predictor factor of the risk of CVD. Therefore, the aim of the review was to examine the existing evidence on the association between BMD and risk of CVD, and to address the issue of a putative common pathogenic factor of estrogen deficiency.

Objective To establish the charge nurses'evaluation system and evaluate their work by comprehensive index to make the assessment more scientific.Methods The comparison value of different assessment factors were established by 4 rounds of expert consultations by the analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)and Delphi method.The index weight was confirmed and passed the coherence test(CR＜0.01).The combined index weight and comprehensive index were also obtained.Results The charge nurses'evaluation system containing 4 one-dimension targets(including internal nursing quality,patients satisfaction degree,individual professional spirit and study and development)and 17 two-dimension targets were set up.Conclusion The combination of AHP and Delphi method supplied a simple and prompt evaluation model though currently it is difficult to estimate management personnels objectively and fairly.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of titanium microplate to repair and fix obsolete cracky orbital fracture.Methods According to the diagnosis of CT scanning and three-dimensional imaging, 20 cases of obsolete orbital fractures were repaired and fixed by using titanium microplate along fracture lines. The microplates were placed according to the part nad shape of fractures. For the part of comminuted fractures, the two ends of fractures were fixed like a bridge. Results After the repair and fixation of titanium microplate, facial deformity became recuperative completely, eye-ball-movement and mastication function were recovered. During 6~12 months follow-up period, no reject reaction or cracking or dropping of microplate occured.Conclusions The titanium microplate can make orbital fractures rigid and internal fixed, and the procedure is simple and easy mastered. Therefore, it is one of the most effective materials in the repair and fixation of orbital and facial fractures.

Objective To investigate the cognition and participation on organ donation in ICU medical staff and analyze the influencing factors, thus to provide reference for the development organ donation promotion measures. Methods 265 ICU medical staff were chosen by convenient sampling method from 10 three-level hospitals in Chongqing and were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the cognition, willingness and its influencing factors towards organ donation. Results ICU medical staff′s understanding of brain death, significance, basic conditions and concepts of organ donation were 67.2% (178/265), 61.1% (162/265), 60.0% (159/265), 55.8% (148/265) respectively, but understanding of Principles , registration methods, laws and regulations, and procedures of organ donation were 24.5%(65/265), 12.1%(32/265), 7.9%(21/265), 4.5%(12/265) respectively. 47.5%(126/265) ICU medical staff were willing to donate their own organs, 35.8%(95/265) were consented to relative′s organ donation and 4.5% (12/265) were organ donation applications. 89.1% (236/265) were affected by traditional ethical concepts, 70.2%(186/265) were for the publicity not enough, 51.7%(137/265) did not know about the procedures of organ donation, 37.0%(98/265) were for too much troubled procedures, and 43.8%(116/265) were for the ineffective work of relevant organizations. Conclusions Lacking in-depth understanding of organ donation and low willingness to donate organs in ICU medical staff in Chongqing. Mainly associated with the effect of traditional concept and lack of propaganda to the donation.

BACKGROUND: The influencion the environment on a culture is expressed via four routes. (1) the nature of the substrate or phase on or in which the cells grow (2) the physicochemical and physiological constitution of the medium, (3) the constitution of the gas phase, and (4) the incubation temperature. Melanization is closely related to the constitution and amounts of amino acids in the medium. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are some differences of proliferation and melanization in cultured B,F, mouse melanoma cells according to different culture media. METHODS: We examined the color of cell pellet, cell morphology, electron microscopic findings, cell counts and melanin conlensin BgF mouse melanoma cells cultured in Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium(DMEM), F-10, MCDB 153, Minimal essential medium(MEM), and RPMI 1640, respectively. RESULTS: 1. The color of cell pellet., ringed from dark gray to light brown. The order of the darkness was DMEM, MEM, RPMI 1640, MCDB 153, and F-10 medium. 2. Most Bg, mouse melanoma cells had an epithelioid morphology, but a few cells in MCDB 153 medium showed dendrites. On the 4th day after culture, the cells in F-10 medium were larger than those in the other media. 3. In the electron microscopic. findings, BF, mouse melanoma cells in DMEM and MEM con tained numerous stage IV nelanosomes, however, those in RPMI 1640 and MCDB 153 medium contained a few, and those in F-10 medium did few. 4. The number of BF, mouse melanoma cells were 1.42 + 0.06 x 10", 1.42 + 0.12 x 10", l. 17 + 0.08 x 10, 0.73 0.06 x 10, 0.32 0.01 x 10, in RPMI 1640, DMEM, MEM, F 10, and MCDB 153 medium, respectively. 5. In the MTT assay, the order of the optical density of B,F, mouse melanoma cells in various media was as followings, DMEM, RPMI 1640, MEM, F-10, and MCDB 153. 6. Compared with the melanin contents of B;F, mouse melanoma cells in DMEM, they were 77.97% in MEM, 67.91% in RPMI 1640 and MCDB 153 medium, and 55.94% in F-10 medium. CONCLUSION: The phenotypic changes of BF, mouse melanoma cells were induced by various culture rnedia and were reversilvle. Since the phenotypes of cells can be changed by the culture media, researchers should choose the appropriate culture medium for the cells.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Culture Media ; Darkness ; Dendrites ; Eagles ; Melanins ; Melanoma* ; Mice* ; Phenotype

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of rituximab combined with CHOP (R-CHOP) in the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods 30 patients were enrolled.All patients,pathologically confirmed to be CD20 positive DLBCL (all in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ ), were relapsed or refractory after received 2-6 cycles of chemotherapy. Then all of them received R-CHOP schedule for 4 to 6 cycles, each cycle was 21 days. Clinical data before and after R-CHOP were collected.A retrospective analysis of the R-CHOP therapy,either compared to the literature or self-control was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity. Results All the 30 patients were evaluable, induding 15 cases were complete remission (CR), 10 cases were partial remission (PR), 3 cases were stable disease (SD),and 2 cases were progressed disease (PD).The CR rate was 50.0 ％ (15/30),the total response rate (RR) was 83.3 ％ (25/30).All patients were well tolerated to the therapy.Only 3 cases were Ⅱ degree neutropenia,1 case was Ⅰ degree thrombocytopenia, and 2 cases suffered nausea and other mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Conclusions R-CHOP regimen could also achieve good response for relapsed or refractory DLBCL significantly.The common adverse effects of rituximab were mild.All the patients were well tolerated.

Objective To develop a reliable and reproducible modei of hyperalgesia arising from chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and investigate the contribution of spinal cord dorsal horn calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the clinical manifestation of sciatica.Methods Sixty healthy Wistar rats of either sex weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into three groups: group A control ( n = 12) ; group B sham operation (n = 24) and group C chronic compression of DRG ( n = 24) . In group B and C the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1.25% thiopental sodium (50mg?kg-1) . The animals were then placed in prone position and the left L4 and L5 intervertebral foramina were exposed. In group C a 4 mm long 1-0 chromic catgut was inserted into the intervertebral foramen. Motor function of the hind limbs was assessed by gait disturbance scores (GDS) , and paw-withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured with modified Randall algometer 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21 and 28 days after operation. In group B and C 12 animals were decapitated on the 5th and 28th days after operation respectively and lumbar section of spinal cord was removed for determination of dorsal horn CGRP content (by radio-immunoassay) and microscopic examination of DRG. Results In chronic compression group (C) significant hyperalgesia occurred after operation and reached a peak one week after operation then gradually decreased but didn't return to normai on the 28th day, while in sham operation group (B) postoperative hyperalgesia quickly decreased and returned to normai on the 7th day. In group C dorsal horn CGRP content on the compressed side significantly increased on the 5th and 28th day after operation as compared with that on the contralateral side in the sham operation and control group. Microscopic examination of DRG showed significant edema of endoneurium and neurons which persisted on the 28th day but significantly attenuated. Conclusion This animal model reliably produces a disorder resembling low back pain. It is easy to perform less traumatic and produces significant hyperalgesia. The dorsal horn CGRP content on the compressed side significantly increases, which is consistent with chronic pain.

Objective To study the effect of tetracaine jelly on hemodynamics during extubation period in general anesthesia.Methods One hundred patients who performed tracheal cannula and general anesthesia were divided into control group (50 patients) and experiment group (50 patients) by random digits table method.Control group:sterile paraffin oil was applied to the endotracheal tube.Experiment group:tetracaine jelly was applied to the endotracheal tube.The systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured before the anesthesia induction(T1),5 min after stopping infusion drugs (T2),1 min after tracheal extubation (T3),3 min after tracheal extubation (T4) and 5 min after tracheal extubation (T5) were observed.The resistant effect after waking and the number of sore throat,hoarseness were recorded.Results The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T1 and T2 had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T3-T5 in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group [SBP:(122.3 ± 11.3),(120.0 ± 9.8),(112.0 ± 6.3) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(158.3 ± 15.0),(142.5 ± 13.5),(133.0± 14.5) mmHg;DBP:(75.0 ± 13.5),(75.8 ± 10.5),(58.3 ±4.2) mmHg vs.(111.0 ± 20.3),(106.5 ± 12.8),(63.8 ± 15.8) mmHg;HR:(81.9 ± 13.7),(83.6 ± 13.4),(60.7 ± 3.5) times/min vs.(113.5 ± 19.4),(117.5 ± 21.7),(71.8 ± 14.6) times/min](P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of tolerance in experiment group was higher than that in control group [96％(48/50) vs.56％(28/50)],the rate of sore throat and hoarseness were lower than those in control group [6％ (3/50) vs.48％ (24/50),4％ (2/50) vs.36％ (18/50)],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tetracaine jelly can reduce the cardiovascular response of tracheal extubation,enhance the tolerance of tracheal tube and decrease the morbidity of sore throat and hoarseness.

After the information construction in grass-root medical and health institutions was considered according to the thinking of Internet+, the action plan for Internet+ in grass-root medical and health institutions was elaborated, and the target of Internet+ and information construction in grass-root medical and health institutions was defined, the information communication-oriented, use-oriented, and users-oriented strategies were put forward for the Internet+ and information construction in grass-root medical and health institutions.

Objective To establish a method of detecting the expression of Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) -a key enzyme for the synthesis of alkaloid in the host promoted by the endophytic fungal elicitor of Sophora alopecuroides by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Methods Target gene primers QLDC-F/QLDC-R and reference gene primers Lectin-F/Lectin-R were designed according to LDC and Lectin gene sequences of S. alopecuroids; Five-fold gradient dilution of cDNA was used as the standard sample for the construction of the standard curve of target gene and the reference gene. Reaction system and reaction conditions of qRT-PCR were optimized, and the sensitivity of semi-quantitative PCR and qRT-PCR were analyzed and compared. Under different eliciting time of endophytic fungal elicitors NDZKDF13 of S. alopecuroides, the content of oxymatrine in the host was determined by HPLC, the expression of LDC gene was detected by qRT-PCR, and the relationship between LDC gene expression and the accumulation of OMA was analyzed. Results The results of qRT-PCR were better when the cDNA content in the system was 200 ng/μL and the annealing temperature was 61 ℃. The standard curve of the target gene and the reference gene was constructed, in which the cycle threshold and template concentration showed a good linear relationship, the amplification efficiency was above 99%, and the sensitivity was 25 times that of semi-quantitative PCR. Under the induction effect of endophytic fungal elicitor NDZKDF13, expression of host LDC gene reached the peak on the 6th day, which was 25.58 times that of the control. The increase of OMA content lagged the change of the LDC gene expression and reached the highest amount on the 9th day after the induction. Conclusion The qRT-PCR technique was successfully applied to the functional gene research of S. alopecuroides. Through the optimization of various conditions, a platform for accurate and simple detection of functional gene expression in S. alopecuroides was established.