Colles' fracture is a common injury encountered in emergency departments. Despite the frequent experience of every orthopedic surgeon with Colles' fracture, considerable variation remains in the treatment of fracture of the distal radius. Everyone nearly agress that reduction of the fracture is not difficult, but maintenance of reduction is the problem. Eighty patients with Colles' fracture were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning under the C-arm fields and followed up more than 1 year, from January 1990 to May 1993 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dae Han Hospital. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The fractures were classified according to the system of Gartland and Werley. Of the 80 cases, 12(5%) were type 1; 25(31%) type 2; and 43(54%) type 3. 2. Complications were such as; temporary neuropathy of median nerve 2 cases, redisplacement 2 cases, radiocarpal arthritis 1 cases, stiff hand 1 case and shoulder hand syndrome 1 case. 3. The overall assessment showed exellent in 29 patients(36.2%), good in 44 patients(55,0%) and poor in 7 patients(8.8%) under the subjective and objective criteria of Gartland and Werley and the objective criteia of Scheck. 4. The results were mainly correlated with maintenance of an anatomical reduction. 5. The percutaneous pinning was suitable for anatomical restoration and maintence, had less com plication and more advantage such as the early range of joint and simple technique. Conclusively, it was considered to be one of ideal method for the treatment of Colles' fracture in selected cases.
Arthritis ; Colles' Fracture ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Median Nerve ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Radius ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

No abstract available.
Epinephrine* ; Heart Arrest*

Kindling, induced by repeated subconvulsive electrical or chemical stimulations, leads to progressive and permanent amplification of seizure activity, resulting in permanent brain changes. It is a good animal model of epilepsy and neural plasticity. C-fos has been proposed as the gene responsible for turning on molecular events for these permanent brain changes underlying epilepsy and neural plasticity. But the role of c-fos in the development of kindling is controversial. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of c-fos mRNA in the plastic changes underlying kindling. Among 66 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, 29 rats were kindled by repeated administrations of subconvulsive doses (IS-25 mg/kg) of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 25 rats experienced convulsions induced by a single injection of convulsive dose(30-60 mg/kg) of PTZ, and 12 rats experienced convulsions by a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS), Twelve control rats received normal saline only. Animals were sacrificed at various seizure stages. C-fos mRNA levels in the hippocampus were quantified using slot-blot hybridization analysis. In the experiment of PTZ kindling, c-fos mRNA expression 30 min after convulsion was elevated about 2-4 times at stage 1, 2 and 5, but wasn't increased at stage 3 and 4, compared with controls. C-fos mRNA expression 60 min after convulsion was elevated about 2 times at stage 1 and 5, but wasn't increased at stage 2, 3 and 4. In the experiment of PTZ-induced seizures, c-fos mRNA expression 30 min after convulsion was elevated 2.5, 2.2 and 6 times stage 1-2, 3-4, and 5, respectively. C-fos mRNA expression 60 min after convulsion was elevated 3.6 times at stage 3-4, but wasn't increased at stage 2 and 5. In the experiment of ECB-induced seizures, c-fos mRNA expression 1 min after mild convulsion was elevated 3,3 times, but wasn't increased generalized tonic-clonic seizure. C-fos mRNA expression 60 min after convulsion wasn't increased at any stage of convulsion. These results show that c-fos mRNA levels have no meaningful relationship with the stages of PTZ kindling, and PTZ or ECS-induced seizures, and that c-fos mRNA does not seem to play the crucial role in turning on a molecular program underlying kindling.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Electroshock ; Epilepsy ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Plastics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger* ; Seizures ; Stimulation, Chemical

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether orthodontic treatment experience affects the individual's perception of smile esthetics and to evaluate differences among orthodontically treated laypersons, non-treated laypersons, and dentists by using computerized image alterations. METHODS: A photograph of a woman's smile was digitally altered using a software image editing program. The alterations involved gingival margin height, crown width and length, incisal plane canting, and dental midline of the maxillary anterior teeth. Three groups of raters (orthodontically treated laypersons, non-treated laypersons, and dentists) evaluated the original and altered images using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: The threshold for detecting changes in maxillary central incisor gingival margin height among laypersons was 1.5 mm; the threshold of dentists, who were more perceptive, was 1.0 mm. For maxillary lateral incisor crown width and height, the threshold of all three groups was 3.0 mm. Canting of the incisal plane was perceived when the canting was 3.0 mm among non-treated laypersons, 2.0 mm among treated laypersons, and 1.0 mm among dentists. Non-treated laypersons could not perceive dental midline shifts; however, treated laypersons and dentists perceived them when the shift was > or = 3.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Laypersons with and without orthodontic treatment experience and dentists have different perceptions of smile esthetics. Orthodontically treated laypersons were more critical than non-treated laypersons regarding incisal plane canting and dental midline shifts. Based on these findings, it is suggested that orthodontic treatment experience improved the esthetic perceptions of laypersons.
Crowns ; Dentists* ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Incisor ; Photography ; Tooth ; Visual Analog Scale

We report a case of multicystic mesothelioma in the visceral peritoneum anterior of the ascending colon. A 39-year-old female patient visited hospital with a palpabel tender mass in the right flank. An ultrasonogram showed multiple cystic mass lesions in the right flank and CT scan showed a multicystic rative mass with enhancing wall and septum in front of the ascending colon. The patient underwent explolaparotomy and the mass. which inpathology turned out to be a benign multicystic masothelioma, was removed.
Colon, Ascending ; Female ; Humans ; Mesothelioma* ; Peritoneum* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: This study validated the musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity by comparative study between calculated muscle parameters through simulation using modified hill-type model and measured muscle parameters through isokinetic exercise. The relationship between muscle forces and moments participated in motion was quantified from the results of simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For simulation of isokinetic motion, a three-dimensional anatomical knee model was constructed using gait analysis. The EMG-force model was used to determine muscle activation level exciting muscles. The modified Hill-type model was used to calculate individual muscle force and moment in dynamic analysis. This method was validated by comparing analytical data with experimental data. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between calculated torques from simulation and measured torque from isokinetic motion experiments (R=0.97). We also found that muscle forces and moments during knee flexion and extension have nonlinearly proportional or inversely proportional relationship, since lower extremity muscles were simultaneously involved in flexion/extension motion and inner/outer rotation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the simulation by using musculoskeletal model may be a useful mean to predict and recover musculoskeletal-related diseases, and analyze complicated experiment such as clash condition.
Gait ; Humans ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscles ; Torque

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the results of midfoot arthrodesis with locking plate fixation and the other instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty one patients, a total of 22 feet who underwent midfoot arthrodesis at our institution were reviewed retrospectively from January 2006 to December 2011. Locking plates were used in 9 cases, and the other instruments such as K-wires, screws, staples were used in 13 cases. Radiologic union time was evaluated and compared between both groups. Preoperative & postoperative AOFAS midfoot scores were evaluated and compared as clinical results. RESULTS: The average AOFAS score was rising from 69.7 to 89.4 in locking plate group and from 67.6 to 80.7 in the other instrument group. There was no statistically significant difference in two groups (p=0.179). The mean radiologic union time was 10.2 weeks in locking plate group, 12.6 weeks in the other instrument group with no significant difference (p=0.062). One case of peroneal nerve irritation was detected as a complication in locking plate group. One case of peroneal nerve irritation and 1 case of superficial wound infection with skin sloughing were detected in the other instrument group. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference for union time and clinical results in both groups. A locking plate can be one of the useful option for midfoot arthrodesis.
Arthrodesis ; Foot ; Humans ; Peroneal Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Wound Infection

Using three different types of the ankle joint, i.e., the fixed, single-axis, and multi axis type, the gait characteristics of transfemoral amputees were investigated to understand the biomechanics of ankle joint motion during gait of transfemoral amputees with a SNS (swing and stance phase) control prosthesis controlling the flexion-extension of knee in the stance phase unlike conventional swing control prostheses. The socket pressure was measured to explain the resulting gait characteristic of the transfemoral amputees for different ankle joint components. Based on the results from the gait characteristics, socket pressure, knee flexion-extension behavior, and ground reaction vector, the fixed type ankle joint could be considered as the most appropriate ankle joint for the transfemoral amputees using the SNS control prosthesis.
Amputees* ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Freedom* ; Gait* ; Humans ; Knee ; Prostheses and Implants*

Using three different types of the ankle joint, i.e., the fixed, single-axis, and multi axis type, the gait characteristics of transfemoral amputees were investigated to understand the biomechanics of ankle joint motion during gait of transfemoral amputees with a SNS (swing and stance phase) control prosthesis controlling the flexion-extension of knee in the stance phase unlike conventional swing control prostheses. The socket pressure was measured to explain the resulting gait characteristic of the transfemoral amputees for different ankle joint components. Based on the results from the gait characteristics, socket pressure, knee flexion-extension behavior, and ground reaction vector, the fixed type ankle joint could be considered as the most appropriate ankle joint for the transfemoral amputees using the SNS control prosthesis.
Amputees* ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Freedom* ; Gait* ; Humans ; Knee ; Prostheses and Implants*

The five-year survival rate of patients after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported to be 30 to 50 %, however the actual survival rate may be different. We analyzed the actual 5-year survival rate and prognostic factors after curative resection of HCC. Retrospective analysis was performed on 63 HCC patients who underwent curative resection from 1998 to 1999. A total of 63 cases were reviewed, consisting of 53 men and 10 women, with a median age of 49 years. These cases included all four pathologic T stages (pT stage) and had the following representation: stage 1 (1 case), stage 2 (17 cases), stage 3 (38 cases), and stage 4 (7 cases). In our study, the actual 5-year survival rate was 57.0% and the median survival time was 60 months. In addition, the patients in our study had an actual 5-year disease-free survival rate of 50.2% and a median disease-free survival time of 46 months. Thirty-one patients had recurrences, with a majority occurring within one year (65%). These patients with early recurrences had a poor actual 5-year survival rate of 5%. A univariate analysis showed that the prognostic factors influencing survival rate were the presence of satellite nodules, increased pT stage, HCC recurrence, and the time to recurrence (within one year). Interestingly, microvascular invasion made a difference in survival rate but was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Furthermore, factors influencing the disease free survival rate include the presence of satellite nodules, microvascular invasion, and pT stage. Multivariate analysis identified pT stage as the only statistically related factor in determining the disease-free survival rate. The most important prognostic factor of HCC is recurrence. Moreover, the major risk factor for recurrence is an advanced pT stage. Therefore, performing prospective studies of postoperative adjuvant therapy is necessary to prevent recurrences after hepatic resection. Furthermore, active preventative treatment and early diagnosis of recurrences should be of the highest priority in the care of high-risk patient groups that have an advanced pT stage.
Survival Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Liver Neoplasms/*mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Liver/pathology/surgery ; Humans ; *Hepatectomy ; Female ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Aged ; Adult