The 4,725 cattle in the enzootic region, 6 counties of southern Korea, were surveyed for besnoitiosis epidemiologically by examining the scleral conjunctiva for the cysts and the following results were obtained. The survey showed that 285 cattle, representing 6 per cent of a total of 4,725 cattle examined had S.C. cysts. Only 49 (14 per cent) of them showed clinical sclerodermatitis and the ratio between clinical and inapparent cases was 1:5.8. On age distribution of the S.C. positive cases the highest incidence(10-12 per cent) was seen in amimals that were from 5 to 8 years of age, but clinically apparent cases occurred much more in younger age of animal. In local incidence of S.C. cysts positive cases the prevalence was higher in the secluded districts such as Koheung and Sancheoung counties(9 per cent).
parasitology-besnoitiosis ; epidemiology ; prevalence rate ; scleral conjunctiva cyst

The ankle is a complex, weight bearing joint and its injury result in a severe functional disturbance of complex anatomical characteristics. It is very important to understand the mechanism of trauma in order to make definite diagnosis and proper treatment. The authors analysed 52 cases(52 patients) of the ankle fractures which were admitted and treated in Orthopaedic department, Korea University Hospital from Sept. 1980 to Dec. 1986. The results obtained were as follows : l. Of the 52 cases, male was 32 cases(61.5%), female was 20 cases(38.5%) and average age of the patients was 32.9 years. 2. The causes of the injury were slipping down, traffie accident, falling down and sports injuries, in orders. 3. Open fractures were 8 cases(15.4%) and closed fractures were 44 cases(84.6%). The most common type of the ankle fracture was supination-extenal rotation type(18 cases, 34.1%) and next was pronation-external rotation type(15 cases, 30%), according to the classification of Lauge-Hansen. 4. 38 cases(73.1%) were treated by open reduction and 14 cases(26.9%) by closed reduction, and average duration of immobilization was 7.7 weeks in open reduction and 10.4 weeks in closed reduction. 5. The associated fractures other than ankle was 15 cases(28.8%). 6. The better results were obtained from open reduction and the worst results obtained from pronation-dorsiflexion type, according to the criteria of Meyer. 7. The complication was 7 cases(13.5%), traumatic arthritis 4 cases, malunion 2 cases and nonunion 1 case. 8. Accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation of the fractured lateral malleolus, distal fibular and distal tibiofibular diastasis was important in treatment of the ankle fracture.
Accidental Falls ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Arthritis ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Korea ; Male ; Weight-Bearing

We report a case of type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia associated with xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma planum and xanthoma striatum. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis showed increased beta fraction and pre-beta fraction, suggesting type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia.
Electrophoresis ; Hyperlipoproteinemias* ; Lipoproteins ; Temazepam* ; Xanthomatosis*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of a weekly schedule of docetaxel and cisplatin as a first-line treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). METHODS: In this study, 18 patients with previously diagnosed R/M HNSCC were treated with combination chemotherapy of weekly docetaxel 35 mg/m² (day 1 and 8) and cisplatin 70 mg/m² (day 1) as first-line chemotherapy, repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Partial response and stable disease were observed in six patients (33.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1% to 55.6%) and six patients (33.3%; 95% CI, 11.1% to 55.6%), respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 11.26 months (95% CI, 8.87 to 15.83) and 5.68 months (95% CI, 4.80 to 6.51), respectively. The major toxicity was grade 1/2 anemia (50%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in one patient (5.6%). Among the non-hematologic toxicities, grade 1/2 hepatotoxicity was most common (22.2%), and grade 3/4 infection was observed in one patient (5.6%). There was no treatment-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS For patients with R/M HNSCC, a cisplatin and weekly docetaxel regimen showed high efficacy with tolerable toxicity as a first-line treatment.

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare complication of pulmonary metastatic disease, most often following chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcomas, primary lung cancer or malignant germ cell tumors. Intensive chemotherapy may theoretically increase the risk of pneumothorax in patients with manifest or occult lung metastases by inducing rapid lysis of the tumor tissue and by interfering with repair processes. We present a case of patient with spontaneous pneumothorax after the introduction of chemotherapy for metastatic choriocarcinoma and review the literature and discuss the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Osteosarcoma ; Pneumothorax* ; Pregnancy

Abdominal wall endometriosis secondary to cesarean section is very rare condition, being reported in less than 0.5% of patients undergoing cesarean section. Moreover, parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis is a rare gynecologic problem, characterized by cyclic hemoptysis. We experienced 38 years old female patient who had had cyclically appearing painful abdominal wall mass after cesarean section pathologically proven endometriosis and 33 year-old female patient with recurrent catamenial hemoptysis localized with CT scanning, and then treated with GnRH agonist. So, we present two cases with a brief review of literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Adult ; Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Interleukin-6* ; Myxoma*

Nitric oxide (NO) is mainly involved in brain ischemic damage to elucidate the protective mechanism of NO pretreatment on ischemic-induced cytotoxicity. This study was investigated whether NO pretreatment inhibits the increase of iNOS expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) via regulating NF-kB activation in C6 glial cells. C6 glial cells with LPS and PMA for 72 hours markedly induced NO, but sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (100 nM) pretreatment before exposure of LPS and PMA significantly supressed NO production, iNOS expression and NF-kB activation by LPS and PMA. In addition, LPS and PMA treatment for 72 hours induced severely cell death and LDH release from cell into media in C6 glial cells. However SNP pretreatment before treatment of LPS and PMA significantly protected LPS and PMA induced cytotoxicity. Treatment with LPS and PMA induced caspase 3 activation follewed by chromosomal condensation, and fragmentation of nuclei in C6 glial cells. SNP pretreatment before exposure to LPS and PMA supressed caspase 3 activation and inhibited chromosomal condensation and fragmentation of nuclei. From these above results, it is suggest that the protective effects of SNP pretreatment against LPS and PMA induced cytotoxicity may be mediated by inhibiting the expression of iNOS via regulating NF-kB activation.
Brain ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Neuroglia ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is a relatively rare disease characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to parathyroid hormone deficiency of unknown cause. It usually develop at young age and various clinical symptoms and signs accompanied with hypocalcemia develop at late period. And rarely associated with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome during follow-up. So we reviewed retrospectively our clinical experiences in diagnosis and management. METHODS: We observed the 6 cases with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism from 1986 to 2002. Four female and two male patients were examined demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiologic finding, and occurrence of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. RESULTS: All patients aged from 18 to 51 years and had no familial history. The most frequent two symptoms of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism were paresthesia (67%) and tetany (67%). The incidence of Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign were 83% and 67%, respectively. From the history taking, patient who had psychotic problem was two, ocular lesion was two, and Graves's disease was one before admission. One patient had transient hypogonadism because of acute illness but recovered during follow-up. One patient developed primary adrenal insufficiency after 2 years. Neuroimaging study revealed bilateral calcification and ECG showed Q-T interval prolong. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism may be suspected in patients with various neurologic symptoms and signs associated with hypocalcemia. It was difficult to predict other endocrine dysfunction at diagnosis. Therefore, we need to follow-up laboratory examinations for early detection of accompanied autoimmune disease in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism patient.
Addison Disease ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypogonadism ; Hypoparathyroidism* ; Incidence ; Male ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Paresthesia ; Rare Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetany