OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding on treatment of gingivitis and pericoronitis.

METHODS120 clinical patients with gingivitis or pericoronitis were randomly divided into 3 groups (40 patients in each group). After routine rinse treatment for all patients, patients in the test group were treated with Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding, patients in the positive group were treated with iodine glycerol, while that time patients in the negative group received no treatment anymore. Ten minutes after treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record the severity of pain for each patient. 3 days and 7 days later, pain and inflammation degree were also recorded by pain three-degree scoring method and index of gingivitis. The total treatment effects were evaluated under a comprehensive clinical treatment standard.

RESULTS10 minutes after treatment, 40.0% of patients in the test group had almost no pain, while no obvious reduction of pain was found in the control group. 3 days, 7 days after the treatment, 92.5%, 95.0% of patients in the test group had no pain, and 55.0%, 90.0% of patients in the positive group had no pain. In the negative group, there were 47.5% of patients which pain was still remained in 7 days. 7 days after treatment, gingival index in the test group reduced by 25.0% and 42.8% compared with the positive and negative groups (P<0.05). 3 days after treatment, 62.5%, 45.0% and 30.0% patients separately in the test, positive and negative groups manifested good effects under the comprehensive clinical treatment standard; after 7 days, 97.5%, 92.5% and 77.5% patients in the 3 groups manifested good effect. The group using Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding had better effects than groups using iodine glycerol or only applying routine rinsing treatment group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFu Fang Ya Tong Ding can treat gingivitis and pericoronitis through significantly reducing inflammation and pain.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the oral antimicrobial effects of seven different mouthwashes available in Korea. METHODS: To examine the antimicrobial effects of the seven mouthwashes, their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth microdilution methods. Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4355, Candida albicans KCTC 7270, and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used in this experiment. S. mutans and P. gingivalis were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), after treatment with the mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). RESULTS: Mouthwashes containing CPC had lower MIC and MBC values against the four microorganisms. Their bactericidal effects were concentration-dependent. S. mutans and C. albicans were highly sensitive to the concentration of CPC in the mouthwashes. According to the SEM observation, the treatment of bacteria with mouthwashes containing CPC, changed the cell surface texture of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS: Mouthwashes containing CPC showed relatively lower MIC and MBC values under the same conditions against the four microorganisms used in this study.
Bacteria ; Candida albicans ; Cetylpyridinium ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Korea* ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Mouthwashes* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Streptococcus mutans

Black hairy tongue is the name given to the appearance of an abnormal coating of the tongue and occurs in adults. It is the result of hyperkeratosis of the filiform lingual papillae which, on gross examination appear hair-like with a variable tinctorial aspect from yellow-brown to black. The pathogenesis is unknown. A number of etiologic factors have been implicated including the administration of topical or systemic antibiotics, poor hygiene, smoking, alcohol and the use of mouthwashes. We report a case of black hairy tongue that may be associated with oral administration of minocycline.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Minocycline* ; Mouthwashes ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tongue ; Tongue, Hairy*

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mechanical irrigation in combination with mouthwash of antimicrobial agents on salivary bacterial counts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed with a randomized study employing a panel of 40 healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females) between the age of 26 and 32 years. Volunteers were randomly put in one of four treatment groups. In the first group, 0.2 mL of non-stimulatory saliva was collected from every subjective person. Then, saliva was collected after rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 minute. In the second group, non-stimulatory saliva was collected, and then saliva was collected after rinsing with CHX and irrigation with saline. In the third and fourth groups, the same procedures as the first and second groups were performed with povidone iodine (PVI) instead of CHX. All of these samples were cultured for 48 hours aerobically. The reduction rates of colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated for each group. The reduction rate between each group was tested statistically using student t-test. RESULTS: Using CHX in combination with saline irrigation showed a significant decrease of the salivary bacterial CFU when compared with only using CHX.(P<0.01) And using PVI with saline irrigation showed a little decrease of the CFU when compared with only using PVI, but there was no statistical significance.(P>0.01) CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the CHX or PVI used with saline irrigation made the salivary bacterial counts reduced more than when CHX or PVI was used alone as an oral antiseptic agent.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacterial Load ; Chlorhexidine ; Humans ; Male ; Mouthwashes ; Povidone-Iodine ; Saliva ; Stem Cells

OBJECTIVEThe effect of Kou Yan Qing Ke Li on the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis was investigated in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

METHODSSixty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma to be treated with radiotherapy were randomized into two groups: the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (30 patients) was treated with Kou Yan Qing Ke Li during the full course of radiotherapy. The control group (30 patients) rinsed their mouths in the same way with mouth washes containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lidocaine, dexamethasone, vitamin B2 and B2 gargle liquid mixture, when grade 2 and above radiation-induced oral mucositis appeared in the process of radiation. Radiation-induced oral mucositis was assessed according to the radiation therapy oncology group criteria. The time of occurrence and degree of pain grade were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe first onset of oral mucositis in the experimental group (12.40 d ± 2.74 d) was later than that in the control group (9.46 d ± 1.39 d) (t = 5.241, P < 0.001), whereas the grade of pain and acute radiation mucositis was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONKou Yan Qing Ke Li could delay the time of occurrence of radiation-induced oral mucositis, reduce the severity of radiation stomatitis, alleviate the pain of patients, improve the clinical symptoms of patients, and effectively prevent and treat radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Altough tonsillectomy is one of the most common otolaryngological procedures, a highly reliable and effective method for reducing postoperative pain has yet to be identified. This study evaluated the efficacy of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) mouthwash on postoperative pain in tonsillectomy patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A total of 64 patients who underwent tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups (32 patients each). One group received the NSAID mouthwash and the other a distilled water mouthwash. Postoperative pain in the two groups was compared by assessing pain severity 1-9 days postoperatively using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Compared to the distilled water mouthwash group, patients using the NSAID mouthwash showed a statistically significant decrease in postoperative pain over the first 9 postoperative days. CONCLUSION: A NSAID mouthwash may be a simple and effective method for controlling post-tonsillectomy pain when administered in conjunction with routine medications.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Humans ; Methods ; Mouthwashes ; Pain, Postoperative ; Tonsillectomy ; Visual Analog Scale ; Water

Radioactive iodine (131I) targets the thyroid gland and has been proven to play an effective role in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers. However, this radioisotope is simultaneously absorbed on the salivary glands where it is concentrated and secreted into the saliva. Dose related damage to the salivary parenchyma results from the 131I irradiation. Salivary gland swelling and pain, usually involving the parotid, can be seen. The symptoms may develop immediately after a therapeutic dose of 131I and/or months later and progress in intensity with time. Prevention of the 131I-induced sialadenitis includes the use of sialagogic agents to enhance the transit time of the 131I through the salivary glands. However, many studies are not available to delineate the efficacy of this approach. Recently, amifostine has been advocated to prevent the effects of irradiation. Treatment of the varied complications that may develop encompass numerous approaches and include gland massage, sialagogic agents, duct probing, antibiotics, mouthwashes, good oral hygiene, and adequate hydration.
Amifostine ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Iodine ; Massage ; Mouthwashes ; Oral Hygiene ; Radioactivity ; Saliva ; Salivary Glands ; Sialadenitis* ; Thyroid Gland

Halitosis is a very common disease that affects the majority of the population and is characterized by unpleasant odor during expiration. Anaerobic bacteria produce a range of malodorous substances including volatile sulfur compounds. To reduce oral malodor, the amount of oral microorganisms should be managed through brushing, scraping, and use of antibacterial agents. In this study, a mouthwash containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride was tested on 22 candidates with oral malodor for two weeks to confirm oral malodor reduction through the use of antibacterial mouthwashes. Volatile sulfur compound measurements were significantly lower after using the mouthwash than before using it; thus, the mouthwash effectively reduced oral malodor.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Cetylpyridinium ; Halitosis ; Mouth ; Mouthwashes ; Odors ; Sterilization ; Sulfur ; Sulfur Compounds

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of some commercially available mouthwashes and to ascertain whether the mouthwashes accelerated mineral loss in dental enamel. Five commercially available mouthwashes were selected from the three largest malls in Korea: Perio Total 7 Aqua Cool Mint Strong FreshTM (PS; LG Household & Health Care Ltd.), Garglin OriginalTM (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Garglin ZeroTM (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Listerine Naturals CitrusTM (LC; IDS Manufacturing Ltd.), and Listerine Cool MintTM (LM; IDS Manufacturing Ltd.). The composition, pH, and titratable acidity of the mouthwashes were investigated. Six bovine teeth specimens were prepared for each mouthwash group. Each of the six specimens was individually immersed in 30 ml aliquots of mouthwash for 1 minute, 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes, and the samples were placed in a 36.5℃ stirred incubator. The degree of mineral loss (ΔF) of the tooth surface area exposed to mouthwash, compared with normal teeth, was analyzed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital. The difference in ΔF among mouthwash groups was examined by the Kruskal-Wallis H test (α=0.05). The contents of mouthwashes differed between Listerine and other products, and the pH ranged from 4.09 to 6.75. The titratable acidity of PS was the lowest at 0.63 ml and highest at 9.25 ml for LM. Minor mineral loss was observed when dental specimens were immersed in the Listerine products (LC and LM) for more than 90 minutes, but the degree of mineral loss for Listerine products was not statistically significantly different from that for groups without mineral loss. In conclusion, all five commercially available mouthwashes showed no harmful effects on tooth enamel.
Delivery of Health Care ; Dental Enamel ; Dental Hygienists ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incubators ; Korea ; Mentha ; Miners ; Mouthwashes* ; Tooth*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of xipayi mouth rinse on the DNA synthesis and change of cell cycles of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). METHODS: HGF was stimulated with LPS at 25 mg/L. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of xipayi mouth rinse at 25 mg/L on the DNA synthesis and change of HGF cell cycles. RESULTS: The percentage of HGF in G( 1) phase increased after the cells were induced by LPS, while the percentage of HGF in S phase decreased. Xipayi mouth rinse could ameliorate this phenomenon. CONCLUSION Xipayi mouth rinse can significantly ameliorate the inhibitory effect of LPS on the proliferation of HGF, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of xipayi mouth rinse in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.
Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; DNA ; biosynthesis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gingiva ; cytology ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mouthwashes ; pharmacology