No abstract available.
Mouth Breathing* ; Mouth* ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases*

Aims: The oral cavity has the most complex microbiota after the stomach. A disturbed oral equilibrium can lead to the onset and development of periodontal disease. The known causative agents are the red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola). This study was carried out to provide insights on the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Sarawakian oral cavity since the data at present is still lacking. Methodology and results: A total of two millilitres (2 mL) of saliva samples were collected from twenty-seven (n=27) individuals (21 gingivitis, 6 healthy) between aged 18 until 30 years old, from Sarawak General Hospital. DNA extraction for the saliva samples was done by using phenol-chloroform method. Then, 16S rRNA PCR was performed followed by species-specific PCR for red complex bacteria detection. Statistical data was analysed using GraphPad Prism 8.4.1 software. As a result, 14% of gingivitis-affected female subjects were found with all the member of red complex species. Co-occurrence of red complex species was observed but no significant difference was found. An alarming presence of red complex bacteria particularly T. forsythia was detected in 57% of gingivitis subject as compared to the other red complex species. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The risk of acquiring periodontal disease increases by having at least one of the red complex species in the oral environment. Therefore, the rapid molecular detection of red complex bacteria in this study is useful for risk assessment of periodontal disease and proper species-targeted treatment to patients especially Sarawakian in general as the result has shed lights to the fairly poor oral status of volunteers.
Periodontal Diseases ; Saliva ; Mouth

Morsicatio buccarum et labiorum is a form of chronic oral mucosa disease caused by habitual cheek or lip biting. The affected mucosa shows a shredded appearance. The patients may feel their oral mucosa rough. In present, there have not been unified denomination and systematic introduction about this disease in our country. Two cases were reported here. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, pathology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis about this disease were also discussed.
Cheek ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; Mouth Mucosa

No abstract available.
Foot* ; Hand* ; Herpangina* ; Mouth Diseases* ; Mouth*

China ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; Mouth Mucosa

Humans ; Mouth Diseases/diagnosis* ; Mouth Mucosa

Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck, and is one of the world's top ten malignancies. Microbial infection is an important risk factor of oral cancer. Candida albicans is the most popular opportunistic fungal pathogen. Epidemiological studies have shown that Candida albicans is closely tied to oral malignancy. Animal experimentation have also proven that infection of Candida albicans can promote the development of oral epithelial carcinogenesis. The current studies have revealed several mechanisms involved in this process, including destroying the epithelial barrier, producing carcinogenic substances (nitrosamines, acetaldehyde), inducing chronic inflammation, activating immune response, etc. However, current researches on mechanisms are still inadequate, and some hypotheses remain controversial. Here, we review the findings related to Candida albicans' effect on the malignant transformation of oral mucosa, hoping to provide reference for deep research and controlling oral cancer clinically.
Animals ; Candida albicans ; Carcinogenesis ; Mouth Diseases ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms

Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology

Hamartoma ; congenital ; pathology ; Humans ; Mesoderm ; Mouth ; Mouth Diseases ; congenital ; pathology

Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Mouth Mucosa