No abstract available.
Mouth Breathing* ; Mouth* ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases*

No abstract available.
Mouth Breathing* ; Mouth* ; Physiology* ; Respiration*

This study was made to investigate the influence of mouth breathing to tongue, mandible and hyoid bone position. It has been clinically suggested that the mouth breathing is induced by the respiratory dysfunction of nasopharyngeal airway causing by the Adenoids. The author used the 50 children, who were the nasal breathes with normal occlusion as the control group, and 50 children, who were mouth breathers with Adenoid as the experimental group. Results were as following: 1. In experimental group, the tongue was positioned more anterior and lower than that of the normal children. 2. In experimental group, the mandible was positioned more lower than that of the normal children. 3. In experimental group, the hyoid bone was positioned more anterior and lower than that of the normal children.
Adenoids* ; Child ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone* ; Mandible* ; Mouth Breathing* ; Mouth* ; Tongue*

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of mouth-breathing on maxillary arch development by comparing the palatal morphology of mouth- and nose-breathing children in mixed dentition. METHODS: Children in mixed dentition were enrolled and categorized into mouth-breathing (test group) and nose-breathing groups (control group) according to their breathing patterns. Children's plaster models were scanned with 3D laser scanner, and the 3D data were reconstructed and measured using Minics 15.0 and Geomagic 12.0 software. Measurement data (inter-molar width, palatal height, palatal volume, and palatal surface area) of the two groups were compared, and the correlation among the four measurement items was analyzed. RESULTS: The participants were 73 children (37 in test group and 36 in control group) with a mean age of (8.63±0.78) years old. The test group had significantly smaller inter-molar width, palatal volume, and palatal surface area but significantly higher palatal height than the control group (P<0.05). Inter-molar width and palatal volume were positively correlated with the palatal surface area in the test group (P<0.05). Inter-molar width and palatal height were positively correlated with the palatal surface area in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Mouth-breathing children have significantly reduced inter-molar width, palatal volume, and surface, and substantially increased palatal height, leading to different developmental patterns of the palatal morphology.
Child ; Dental Arch ; Dentition, Mixed ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Mouth Breathing ; Palate

Although a nasal mask is a standard interface for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), severe mouth breathing during sleep often leads to the use of a full face mask which covers the nose and mouth. Herein, we present a case of a patient with uncontrolled severe OSA with CPAP and a full face mask, who subsequently shows dramatic improvement of OSA with a nasal mask and lower CPAP pressure.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Humans ; Masks* ; Mouth ; Mouth Breathing ; Nose ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Treatment Failure*

It is. commonly assumed that nasorespiratory function can exert a dramatic effect upon the development of the dentofacial complex. Specially, it has been stated that chronic nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing, which causes altered tongue and mandibular positions. If this occurs during a period of active growth, :the .outcome is development of the "adenoid facies". Such patients characteristically: manifest a vertically long lower third facial height, narrow alar bases, lip incompetence, a long and narrow maxillary arch and a greater than normal mandibular plane angle. But several authors have reported that so-called adenoid facies is not always associated with adenoids and mouth breathing, and that a particular type of dentition is not alwarys found in mouth breathers with or without adenoids. Some authors have believed adenoids lead to mouth breathing in cases with particular facial characteristics and types of dentition. We assumed that the ability to adapt to individual's neuromuscular complex is various. So, we compared the difference of influence of mouth breathing between childrens who have different facial types. This study included 60 patients and they were divided into three groups by Rickett's facial type. Their dentition and tongue position were compared. The results are as follows. 1. There is a significant difference in arch width of upper molars between different facial types. Especially dolichofacial type patients have narrowest arch width. 2. There is a significant difference in tongue position between different facial types. Especially dolichofacial type patients have lowest positioned tongue.
Adenoids ; Child ; Dentition* ; Facies ; Humans ; Lip ; Molar ; Mouth ; Mouth Breathing ; Nasal Obstruction ; Respiration* ; Tongue

The most common cause of mouth breathing is obstacles caused by mechanical factors in upper airway. Mouth breathing could be consequently pathological cause of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep-disordered breathing in children can cause growth disorders and behavioral disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between upper airway and sleep-disordered breathing in children with mouth breathing.Twenty boys between 7 – 9 years old who reported to have mouth breathing in questionnaire were evaluated with clinical examination, questionnaires, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and portable sleep testing. This study assessed apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) for the evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing and was done to investigate the correlation between these values and the upper airway width measured by lateral cephalometric radiographs.There was no significant correlation with the size of the tonsils (p = 0.921), but the adenoid hypertrophy was higher in the abnormal group than in the normal group (p = 0.008). In the classification according to AHI and ODI, retropalatal and retroglossal distance showed a statistically significant decrease in the abnormal group compared to the normal group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001). As AHI and ODI increased, upper airway width tended to be narrower. This indicates that mouth breathing could affect the upper airway, which is related to sleep quality.
Adenoids ; Child ; Classification ; Growth Disorders ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Mouth Breathing ; Mouth ; Oxygen ; Palatine Tonsil ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes

This review explores the literature dealing with the relation between the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and upper airway inflammation. Dysfunction of the upper and lower airways frequently coexists, and they appear to share key elements of pathogenesis. A link between upper and lower airway is evident from epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical studies. Data from epidemiologic studies indicate that nasal symptoms are experienced by as many as 75% of patients with COPD and that lower airway symptom is experienced by as many as 36% of patients with sinusitis. The mechanism of upper and lower airway dysfunction is under investigation. They include naso-bronchial reflex, increased inflammation caused by smoking, mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction, and pulmonary aspiration of nasal contents. Patients with chronic sinusitis commonly have nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, suggesting a neural reflex. Postnasal drainage of nasal inflammatory mediators during sleep also may increase lower airway responsiveness. Therapy of nasal and sinus disease is associated with improved pulmonary function in patients with COPD.
Drainage ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Mouth Breathing ; Nasal Obstruction ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Reflex ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis ; Smoke ; Smoking

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether adenoid hypertrophy and subsequent adenoidectomy affect pediatric nasal airway resistance and nasal geometry. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationships between the degree of adenoid hypertrophy and nasal airway resistance or nasal geometry. Fifty-one children, aged 5 to 10 years, selected for adenoidectomy due to chronic nasal obstruction and mouth breathing were enrolled. The size of adenoid was evaluated by cephalometric radiograph. Nasal airway resistance and nasal geometry were evaluated by active anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry respectively. These measurements were repeated 3 months after operation. The size of adenoid was found well correlated to preoperative nasal airway resistance but was not to preoperative nasal geometry. Nasal geometry was not changed after operation. However, nasal airway resistance was reduced significantly at 3 months after operation and the size of adenoid was found well correlated to postoperative changes of nasal airway resistances.
Adenoidectomy* ; Adenoids ; Airway Resistance* ; Child ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Mouth Breathing ; Nasal Obstruction ; Rhinomanometry ; Rhinometry, Acoustic

OBJECTIVES: We wanted to evaluate whether the presence of nasal obstruction makes a change on the association between the modified Mallampati score and the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and the sleep quality. METHODS: Polysomnography (PSG), the modified Mallampati score (MMS), the body-mass index, and a questionnaire about nasal obstruction were acquired from 275 suspected SDB patients. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence of nasal obstruction. The clinical differences between the two groups were evaluated and the associations between the MMS and PSG variables in each group were also assessed. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the MMS and many PSG variables, including the apnea-hypopnea index, the arousal index and the proportion of deep sleep, for the patients with nasal obstruction, although this was not valid for the total patients or the patients without nasal obstruction. CONCLUSION: The severity of SDB and the quality of sleep are well correlated with the MMS, and especially for the patients with nasal obstruction. The MMS can give more valuable information about the severity of SDB when combined with simple questions about nasal obstruction.
Arousal ; Humans ; Mouth Breathing ; Nasal Obstruction* ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes* ; Surveys and Questionnaires