China ; Facial Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Mouth ; injuries ; Traumatology

Facial injury by firework is not rare, but there are few reports on oral firework explosion injury. The authors of this article present a case of an 18-year-old male with intraoral injury from a firework explosion with literature review.
Adolescent ; Burns* ; Explosions* ; Facial Injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth*

Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Mouth ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries ; therapy

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; injuries ; Mouth Diseases ; chemically induced ; nursing ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Patient Care ; standards

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objectives of treating oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer are complete removal of tumor, restoration of function and aesthetics, and such treatments require adequate exposure for direct visual and bimanual examination. For posterior oral cavity and oropharynx, the standard approach had been the composite resection. This approach requires mandibulectomy and lip-splitting incision, and thus, complications of mandibulectomy can not be avoided. There is no standard approach for parapharyngeal space tumors due to limited exposure, but most authors have agreed that the best approach is the external approach with or without mandibulotomy. Mandibular lingual releasing approach (MLRA) to oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngeal space provides excellent visualization for resection of tumors without lip-splitting, mandibulotomy, nor mandibulectomy. We analyzed the outcome and advantage of MLRA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used MLRA to treat 7 patients who had oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancers and one who had parapharyngeal tumor. RESULTS: All tumors could be removed by MLRA. Postoperative complications were wound infection, orocutaneous fistula, and mouth floor wound disruption. But, permanent deficit and complications of lip-splitting, mandibulotomy, or mandibulectomy did not occured. CONCLUSION: The MLRA provides excellent exposure of oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngeal space and excellent cosmetic and functional results. It canbe concluded that the MLRA is an excellent approach for tumors of oral cavity, oropharynx and parapharyngeal space.
Esthetics ; Fistula ; Humans ; Mouth ; Mouth Floor ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; Oropharynx ; Postoperative Complications ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM & PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a mouth guard material properties on the skull and brain when they were under impact loads on mandible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two customized mouth protectors having different material propeerst ieach other were made for a female Korean who had no history of brain trauma, no cerebral diseases, nomal occlusion and natural dentition. The 3D finite element model of human skull and brain scanned by means of computed tomography was constructed. The FEM model of head was composed of 407,825 elements and 82,138 nodes, including skull, brain, maxilla, mandible, articular disc, teeth and mouth guard. The stress concentrations on maxillary teeth, maxilla and skull with two mouth guards were evaluated under oblique impact load of 800N onto mandibular 3 loading points for 0.1sec. And the brain relative displacement was compared in two different mouth guard materials under same condition. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The results were as follows; 1. In comparison of von Mises stress on maxillary teeth, a soft mouth guard material had significantly lower stress values on measuring point than a hard mouth protector materials (P < .05). 2. In comparison of von Mises stress on maxilla and skull, A soft mouth protector material had significantly lower stress values on measuring point than a hard mouth protector materials (P < .05). 3. For impact loads on mandible, there were more stress concentrated area on maxilla and skull with hard mouth guard than soft with mouth protector. 4. For impact loads on mandible, brain relative displacement had little relation with mouth guard material properties. In results of this study, soft mouth guard materials were superior to hard mouth guard materials for mandible impact loads for prevention of sports injuries. Although the results of this study were not enough to figure out the roles of needed mouth guard material properties for a human head, we got some knowledge of the pattern about stress concentration and distribution on maxilla and skull for impact loads with soft or hard mouth protector. More studies are needed to substantiate the relationship between the mouth guard materials and sports injuries.
Athletic Injuries ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Dentition ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Mouth ; Mouth Protectors ; Skull ; Tooth

Since maxillofacial injury is frequently accompanied by other diseases, its evaluation and treatment are open delayed. When the evaluation is delayed, the surgical treatment can be difficult or impossible. A 21-yr-old man presented with right facial swelling and deformity after injury. We planned immediate surgical repair for his right tetrapod fracture, but the operation was delayed for two months due to severe hyperthyroidism. During the operation, we reducted and fixed the deviated bone after refracture of the zygomatic arch with an osteotome to achieve mobility. The facial deformity and difficulty in mouth opening were improved after the operation. Even in the presence of accompanying fractures, early evaluation and proper management can prevent complications and achieve acceptable cosmetic outcomes in maxillofacial trauma patients. In patients with malunion of fracture sites, fixation after refracture using an osteotome can be a good treatment option for obtaining good mobility.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Facial Injuries ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; Mouth ; Zygoma

In this case report, we want to introduce a successful way of applying non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with a full face mask in patients with high cervical spinal cord injury through a novel alarm system for communication. A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with C3 American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) B. We applied NIV for treatment of hypercapnia. Because of mouth opening during sleep, a full face mask was the only way to use NIV. However, he could not take off the mask by himself, and this situation caused great fear. To solve this problem, we designed a novel alarm system. The best intended motion of the patient was neck rotation. Sensing was performed by a balloon sensor placed under the head of the patient. A beep sound was generated whenever the pressure was above the threshold, and more than three consecutive beeps within 3,000 ms created a loud alarm for caregivers.
Caregivers ; Cervical Cord* ; Head ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Masks ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Neck ; Noninvasive Ventilation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Injuries

The Endoscopic Repair of Mandibular Subcondylar Fracture through Intraoral Approach. The treatment of the mandibular subcondylar fractures has been controversal. But, recently open reduction and rigid internal fixation was advocated as a reliable method of anatomically restoring condylar position, early restoration of T-M joint function without intermaxillary fixation or with short intermaxillary fixation period. The endoscopic repair of mandibular subcondylar fractures not only provides better visualization in the surgical field, but also makes rigid fixation, avoids facial scarring and facial nerve injury. From March of 1996 to November of 2001, the endoscope was used successfully to assist in the repair of mandibular subcondylar fractures in twelve patients. An intraoral incision was made in the anterior aspect of the mandibular ramus, and a 5.0mm, 30-degree telescope was introduced by means of this intraoral incision to aid in the dissection and to visualize the fracture site over the subcondylar area. After subcondylar reduction by lateral force of the preauricular trocar and inferior traction of the mandibular angle, a 2mm miniplate was used to stabilize the fracture site with the help of a percutaneous trocar. The proper alignment of the posterior border of the ramus could also be checked under direct endoscopic vision. Intermaxillary fixation was maintained for 5 days postoperatively in the first four patients. All the patients were followed up for minimum of 2 months, and there were no facial palsy. The mean of maximal mouth opening was 44 mm within 6 weeks and the stab incision wound in the preauricular and angle area were inconspicuous. All patients obtained normal range of motion of temporomandibular joint. Although requirement of endoscopic equipments and surgical skills is necessary, the use of endoscope may reduce the disadvantages of open reduction and should be considered in the treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures.
Cicatrix ; Endoscopes ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Joints ; Mouth ; Reference Values ; Surgical Instruments ; Telescopes ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Traction ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: The zygomatic arch is a key element which composes the facial contour. In many cases of zygomatic arch fracture, it is difficult to fix rigidly the fractured segments. If reduced bone segments were not fixed rigidly, they are proven to be displaced by mastication or unintentional external forces. So, unfixed zygomatic arch fracture after reduction may require a external device of prevention of collapse. We introduce a new protector which stabilizing the fractured segments to prevent for collapse of the reduced zygomatic arch fracture. METHODS: After reduction of zygomatic arch with blind approach(Gillies', Dingman or Keen's approach), bone segments was pulled with percutaneous traction suture in medial aspect of zygomatic arch. Then, the suture was fixed with Aqua splint(R), externally. And intraoperative and postoperative X-ray was done. The splint was removed on 14 days after the operation. RESULTS: 5 patients were treated with this method. 4 patients of total patients had no collapse in zygomatic arch. There was minimal collapse in one patient. Postoperative complications such as facial nerve injury, mouth opening difficulty, contour deformity, infection, scar were not observed. CONCLUSION: In comparison with other techniques, this technique has several advantages which are simple and easy method, short operation time, no scar, less soft tissue injury, and facilitated removal of splint. Therefore, Aqua splint(R) would be a good alternative to prevent for collapse in unstable zygomatic arch fractures
Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; Humans ; Mastication ; Mouth ; Postoperative Complications ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Splints ; Sutures ; Traction ; Zygoma*