AIM AND METHODSThe effect of intrahippocampal microinjection of noradrenaline (NA) and its receptors antagonists and agonists on cellular immune functions were investigated in normal and adrenalectomy rat by determine the proliferative activity of Con A-stimulated splenic lymphocytes in MTT method and natural killer (NK) cell activity.

RESULTS(1) In normal group, the proliferative activity of Con A-Stimulated splenic lymphocytes were inhibited and the activity of NK cell were reduced with microinjection NA and beta1-, beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists Dobutamine (Dob, 4 microl, 6.0 x 10(-3) moL/L), Metaproterenol (Met, 4 microl, 8.0 x 10(-3) mol/L), compared with their intensity of effect, NA > Met > Dob; the immunosuppression effect induced by NA was partly hindered by alpha- and beta-receptor antagonists, phentolamine (Phen, 2 microl, 1.6 x 10(-2) mol/L) and propranolol (Prop, 2 microl, 1.6 x 10(-3) mol/L), and the action of Prop was more evident. (2) In adrenalectomy group, immunosuppression effect induced by NA was unconspicuous.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that NA in hippocampus could inhibit distinctly cellular immune functions, which was predominantly mediated by beta2- adrenergic receptor with a minor contribution of beta1- and alpha- adrenergic receptors. Moreover, keeping intact construction and function of adrenal gland have an important role in the effect of NA on cellular immune function.

Adrenergic Agonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Immunity, Cellular ; drug effects ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Microinjections ; Norepinephrine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; cytology ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the approach of emergency management for severe pelvic fracture associated with injuries of adjacent viscera and evaluate the therapeutic effect.

METHODSThe data of 79 patients with severe pelvic fracture associated with injuries of adjacent viscera were retrospectively studied, and the study covered a period of 14 years.

RESULTSTo cease massive bleeding due to pelvic fracture, ligation of internal iliac arteries was performed on 33 cases, and angioembolization on 8. Of 42 patients with cystic or/and urethral injury, 35 underwent cystostomy and delayed reconstruction, and 7 received a primary realignment. All of 17 patients with injury of retroperitoneal rectum underwent diverting colostomy of the proximal end of sigmoid with presacral drainage, but 4 received primary repair without colostomy. In 22 patients with intraperitoneal colorectal injury, 19 were managed with primary repair or anastomosis while 3 received a colostomy. The overall mortality rate was 8.86% (7/79); the main causes were hemorrhagic shock and associated injury. The complications included urethro-rectal fistula in 4 cases, thrombosis of right common iliac artery in 1, ARDS following chest trauma in 1, and paraplegia in 1. Except the patient with paraplegia, all of them were cured.

CONCLUSIONSPrompt diagnosis and proper treatment are the key to success. Devascularization of internal iliac arteries with external fixation cage of the pelvis, cystostomy and proximal sigmoidostomy are effective procedures in emergency treatment of the critical patients.

Abdominal Injuries ; complications ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; therapy ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Melanoma is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy. The incidence of melanoma keeps increasing annually. In this study, a melanoma targeted hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogel was synthesized via crosslinking of thiolated HA with terminally functionalized F127-TPGS mixed micelles. Its stability in vitro was evaluated by the average particle size, and the cytotoxicity of the nanogel was investigated by in vitro cell based assays. Next, cell uptake studies were performed to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the uptake of the nanogels in B16F10 cells. A small sized nanogel with a diameter of 30 nm was synthesized, which was proven to be minimally cytotoxic against both 3T3 or B16F10 cells. Compared with 3T3 cells with low levels of CD44, B16F10 cells with high levels of CD44 showed significantly higher cell uptake efficiency (P<0.05).