Exercise prescription for obese patients should be individualized since they are not accustomed to exercise. When we prescribe exercise for obese patients, low impact exercises such as walking, cycling, swimming are recommended. We should pay special attention to obese patients with co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease or osteoarthritis when we prescribe exercise. For effective weight loss, it is necessary to improve exercise compliance and increase physical activity level.
Compliance ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Motor Activity ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Obesity* ; Osteoarthritis ; Prescriptions ; Swimming ; Walking ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: The assessment of how much people exercise needs to be analyzed in order to promote their health status. METHODS: Accordingly, 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was performed during a two-month period beginning November 1st, 2001. Questionnaires on physical activities have been completed by 9,170 persons (88.45%) among 10,368 persons over 12 years old. We analyzed 7,838 subjects who were over 20 years old. RESULTS: Among the total, 71.8% persons of the respondents did not work out at all. Among them, 14.9% respondents were classified as lower exercise group, 6.9% middle exercise group and 6.4% as higher exercise group. The number of middle and higher exercise groups were increased on 2001 survey compared to those in 1998. Daily walking hours were 65.8 +/- 73.6 minutes. A proper amount of exercise were performed by older age groups than those in their twenties, by town residents than villagers, by unmarried people than married or divorced or bereaved ones, by higher educated people, by people with more weight, by those who were felt less stress, and by non drinkers. Favorite exercises were walking, mountaineering, jogging and working out at a fitness club which were chosen by 62.6% of the respondents. CONCLUSION: Many respondents did not work out at all and overall exercise rate was low. The rate of proper exercise was different by demographic features.
Adult* ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Divorce ; Exercise ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Jogging ; Motor Activity* ; Mountaineering ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Single Person ; Walking ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Exercise ; Motor Activity ; Prescriptions*

An increase in physical activity is a key component for effective weight loss. It helps to control weight loss by using excess calories as well as boosting metabolism and lowering insulin levels. Physical activity also helps prevent many chronic diseases and improve the overall human health. The objective of this study was to assess weight loss practice using physical activity strategies among working women in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 639 adult Malaysian working women were screened and 120 respondents were identified based on their experience of losing at least 10% of their highest lifetime body weight, which is a criterion for successful weight-loss. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 120 successful weight loss respondents. Physical activity was measured by using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. Results showed that 35.8% of women had low physical activity level; slightly above than one third of women (38.3%) had moderate activity level, while 25.8% women had high physical activity level.The most common physical activity monitoring strategies implemented were exercise at least 30 minutes per day (22.5%) and incorporate physical activity into daily life (21.7%). A total of 70.8% women regained weight after significant weight loss. A total of 40.0% who regained weight as compared to 25.7% of those who did not regain weight were physically inactive (p=0.138). There was no statistically significant different in daily sitting time between the two groups (p=0.627). As a conclusion, government working women in Kuala Lumpur have low to moderate physical activity levels. Majority women regained weight after significant weight loss. Common strategies to lose weight are exercise at least 30 minutes per day and incorporate physical activity into daily life. More education and promotion regarding the importance of physical activity should be done to all community members especially to the government working women.
Motor Activity ; Exercise

OBJECTIVES: This study is part of the ongoing development of treatment methods for metabolic syndrome (MS) project, which involves monitoring daily physical activity. In this study, we have focused on detecting walking activity from subjects which includes many other physical activities such as standing, sitting, lying, walking, running, and falling. Specially, we implemented an integrated solution for various physical activities monitoring using a mobile phone and PC. METHODS: We put the iPod touch has built in a tri-axial accelerometer on the waist of the subjects, and measured change in acceleration signal according to change in ambulatory movement and physical activities. First, we developed of programs that are aware of step counts, velocity of walking, energy consumptions, and metabolic equivalents based on iPod. Second, we have developed the activity recognition program based on PC. iPod synchronization with PC to transmit measured data using iPhoneBrowser program. Using the implemented system, we analyzed change in acceleration signal according to the change of six activity patterns. RESULTS: We compared results of the step counting algorithm with different positions. The mean accuracy across these tests was 99.6 +/- 0.61%, 99.1 +/- 0.87% (right waist location, right pants pocket). Moreover, six activities recognition was performed using Fuzzy c means classification algorithm recognized over 98% accuracy. In addition we developed of programs that synchronization of data between PC and iPod for long-term physical activity monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide evidence on using mobile phone and PC for monitoring various activities in everyday life. The next step in our system will be addition of a standard value of various physical activities in everyday life such as household duties and a health guideline how to select and plan exercise considering one's physical characteristics and condition.
Acceleration ; Cellular Phone ; Deception ; Family Characteristics ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Motor Activity ; MP3-Player ; Running ; Walking

BACKGROUND: Regular exercise improves glycemic control and exercise capacity. However, 47.5% of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes do not take part in exercise at least once a week. A recommendation to accumulate 10,000 steps throughout the day has many advantages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing the number of walking steps per day on glycemic control and exercise capacity using a pedometer in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics who did not take part in exercise at least once a week. METHODS: We included twenty nine Korean type 2 diabetic patients aged 46-62 years who presented with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and did not take part in exercise at least once a week. They were encouraged to walk more than 10,000 step/day and the daily steps were recorded using pedometers. A gradual loading exercise test was administered, with an electric stationary upright cycle ergometer, to estimate the rate of oxygen consumption (VO2), exercise time, load and metabolic equivalent (MET) before and after 12 weeks of walk training. Before and after the intervention, metabolic and lipid profiles and aerobic exercise levels were evaluated for all subjects. Subject descriptive comparisons were made with paired t-tests. The Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated as well to analyze the linear relationship among variables. RESULTS: The results showed that the number of steps per day were increased to about 10,000 steps per day (p<0.001). Body mass index (p<0.001), abdominal circumference (p=0.011), aerobic exercise capacity level and glycemic control were significantly improved (p<0.001). However, lipid profiles were not affected during the exercise intervention. There was a positive correlation between increases in steps per day and changes of aerobic capacity such as peak VO2 (r=0.46, p<0.05). Also, increases in steps per day were negatively correlated with changes in HbA1c (r=-0.711, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both glycemic control and aerobic capacity are improved with increasing the number of steps to over 10,000 steps per day in newly diagnosed Korean type 2 diabetics. Our result suggest that a pedometer may be used as a simple and effective method of encouraging physical activity to type 2 diabetics who did not take part in exercise at least once a week.
Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity ; Oxygen Consumption ; Walking

PURPOSE: Stress, depending on its intensity and duration, results in either adaptive or maladaptive physiological and psychological changes in humans. Also, it was found that stressful experiences increase the signs of behavioral despair in rodents. On the other hand, exercise and melatonin treatment is believed to have many beneficial effects on health. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of physical activity and melatonin against chronic stress-induced depression in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(200-250g, 7 weeks of age) were subjected to depression induced by chronic stress. Chronic depression was induced with forced-swim stress (FSS) and repeated change of light-dark cycle for 4 weeks. In the last 2 weeks, some rats were confined in a cage enriched with a running wheel, seesaw and chewed a ball from 19:00 to 07:00 every day. Melatonin was injected intra-peritoneally (I.P), and the rats received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (15 mg/kg). The Forced Swim Test (FST) was performed to evaluate the immobility behaviors of rats for a 5 min test. RESULTS: It was found that, the immobility time in FST was significantly (p<.05) lower in physical exercise (M=58.83+/-22.73) and melatonin (M=67.33+/-37.73) than in depressive rats (M=145.93+/-63.16) without physical activity. Also, TPH positive cell in dorsal raphe was significantly (p<.05) higher in exercise (M=457.38+/-103.21) and melatonin (M=425.38+/-111.56) than in depressive rats (M=258.25+/-89.13). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that physical activity and melatonin produces antidepressant-like effect on stress-induced depression in rats. So, physical exercise and melatonin may be a good intervention in depression patients.
Adult ; Animals ; Depression* ; Exercise ; Hand ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Melatonin* ; Models, Animal* ; Motor Activity* ; Photoperiod ; Rats* ; Rodentia ; Running

OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise has become popular in recent years. It has been known that exercise is related to the development of heartburn, belching, regurgitation and chest pain. However there are few data concerning the effect of exercise on esophageal motor function and gastroesophageal reflux. We evaluated the effect of exercise intensity on esophageal motor activity and gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: We studied healthy volunteers (15 males, age: 28+/-5 years, BW: 68+/-10kg) using a 24 hours ambulatory esophageal pressure, pH catheter and portable digital data recorder (Microdigitrapper 4Mb, Synetics Medical, Sweden). Subjects exercised on a treadmill (Marquette Case 15 Electronic INC) at 50% and 70% maximal heart rate for 30 min. Subjects rested 2 hours before exercise (base line) and for 30 min between exercise sessions. RESULTS: 1) Exercise of 50% maximal heart rate reduced total contraction, contraction duration, percentage of simultaneous contraction and repetitive contraction, (P<0.05) but increased percentage of contractions above 20mmHg amplitude (P<0.05). 2) Exercise of 70% maximal heart rate decreased total contraction, esophageal amplitude, contraction duration and percentage of peristaltic contraction, (P<0.05) but increased percentage of simultaneous contraction (P<0.05). 3) Gastroesophageal reflux was not change on both 50% maximal heart rate and 70% maximal heart rate exercise. CONCLUSION: More propulsive esophageal motility are induced following exercise of 50% maximal heart rate, but not 70% maximal heart rate.
Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Eructation ; Exercise ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Running*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure energy expenditure (EE) the metabolic equivalents (METs) of 13 common physical activities by using a portable telemetry gas exchange system (K4b2) and to assess the accuracy of the accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X+) by gender in Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 109 adults (54 males, 55 females) with normal BMI (body mass index) participated in this study. EE and METs of 13 selected activities were simultaneously measured by the K4b2 portable indirect calorimeter and predicted by the GT3X+ Actigraph accelerometer. The accuracy of the accelerometer was assessed by comparing the predicted with the measured EE and METs. RESULTS: EE (kcal/kg/hr) and METs of treadmill walking (3.2 km/h, 4.8 km/h and 5.6 km/h) and running (6.4 km/h) were significantly higher in female than in male participants (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the accelerometer significantly underestimated the EE and METs for all activities except descending stairs, moderate walking, and fast walking in males as well as descending stairs in females. Low intensity activities had the highest rate of accurate classifications (88.3% in males and 91.3% females), whereas vigorous intensity activities had the lowest rate of accurate classifications (43.6% in males and 27.7% in females). Across all activities, the rate of accurate classification was significantly higher in males than in females (75.2% and 58.3% respectively, p < 0.01). Error between the accelerometer and K4b2 was smaller in males than in females, and EE and METs were more accurately estimated during treadmill activities than other activities in both males and females. CONCLUSION: The accelerometer underestimated EE and METs across various activities in Korean adults. In addition, there appears to be a gender difference in the rate of accurate accelerometer classification of activities according to intensity. Our results indicate the need to develop new accelerometer equations for this population, and gender differences should be considered.
Adult* ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; Classification ; Energy Metabolism* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity* ; Running ; Telemetry ; Walking

Fatigue is regarded as a universal and unavoidable side effects of chemotherapy. Most of patients in chemotherapy prefer resting and reducing their level of activity, but reduced physical activity can actually decrease physical strength and functional status to produce secondary fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rhythmic walking exercise on physical strength, fatigue, and functional status of breast cancer patients in adjutant chemotherapy. A matched control group pretest-pottiest design was used. Seventeen subjects of the experimental group were taught the rhythmic walking exercise(Winningham etal, 1990) on their first visiting day and encouraged to practice it at home throughout that treatment cycle(four weeks). Participants kept an everyday exercise diary that included pulse rates, exercise time and subjective data. The rhythmic walking exercise consists of approximately 30-minute walking, everyday if possible for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured by each instrument :1) physical strength by the treadmill test estimated the walking ability. The subject is instructed to walk as long as possible to the level of their tolerance ;2)functional status by the Inventory of Functional Status-Cancer(Tollman et al, 1991) ; and 3)fatigue was measured by the Piper Fatigue Scale in both groups at five different times-before beginning chemotherapy(pretest) and one time per week for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, X2-test, t-test, repeated measure MANOVA using SPSSWIN program. Results were obtained as follows :1)The physical strength of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group following the rhythmic walking exercise(t=3.92, p<.001). 2)The fatigue scores of the experimental group measured at the end of each week were significantly lower than those of the control group following the rhythmic walking exercise (1st week ; F=6.51, p<.016, after 1st week ; 863, p<.0001, after 2nd week ; F=46.754, p<.0001, after 3rd week ; F=60. 183, p<.0001, after 4th week). 3)The functional status of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group following the rhythmic walking exercise (t=13.20, p<.0001). The results suggest that the appropriate rhythmic walking exercise for the breast cancer patients in adjutant chemotherapy can improve physical strength and functional status, and ultimately decrease the secondary fatigue.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Exercise Test ; Fatigue* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Piper ; Walking*