The macroscopic characteristics, tissue, caterpillar body wall and powder of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis in different batch numbers were observed and researched by the macroscopic and microscopic identification methods. The result shows that the morphology, size, abdominal annulations of caterpillar, etc. of 0. xuefengensis are the macroscopic identification characteristics, the caterpillar body surface mycelium, body wall sculpture and crochets on abdominal legs are the microscopic identification characteristics. These characters are stable and regular discriminant features, which are proved to be the identification basis of O. xuefengensis. In addition, The characters such as crochets on abdominal legs arrange in two parallel ellipse rings, the inner crochets are long strip, and the external toes are unciform, are specific.
Animals ; Hypocreales ; cytology ; Moths ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; microbiology

Foramen magnum tumors are uncommon. We experienced two cases of foramen magnum tumor. One case was meningioma, the other neurinoma. Metrizamide computerized tomography scanning and pantopaque myelography have been the radiographic test most commonly used to evaluate the foramen magnum. Moth cases underwent suboccipital craniectomy and total laminectomy in C1 & C2 with total removal of tumor mass. Postoperatively, both cases showed improvement without neurological sequelae. Both cases are discussed, and a review of literature is presented.
Foramen Magnum* ; Iophendylate ; Laminectomy ; Meningioma ; Metrizamide ; Moths ; Myelography ; Neurilemmoma

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria is a rare pigmentary disorder characterized by widespread mothed hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. We report a 40-year-old male patient with numerous hyperpigmenter, and hypopigmented macules all over the body except on the palms and soles. The family history revealed similar pigmentary changes in 5 other members through 4 generations, and we could guess the hereditary pattern of the disease of this family to be autosomal dominant inheritance.
Adult ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypopigmentation ; Male ; Moths ; Wills

The yellow-tail moth Euproctis similis, belongs to the genus Euproctis (Lymantriidae) and has a wide distribution within Korea, Japan, China and Europe. Contact with the 'urticating hairs' of the Euproctis similis caterpillar induces dermatitis due to the combination of mechanical and chemical mechanisms. Clinically, patients with caterpillar dermatitis show wheals in the early stage and/or erythematous papules in the late stage after contact with the spicules. We report 5 young soldiers who developed pruritic wheals and erythematous papules on their upper back after contact with the hairs of the Euproctis similis caterpillar.
China ; Dermatitis* ; Europe ; Hair ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Military Personnel ; Moths

The bioactivity of the aqueous extracts of the leaf and stem bark of the medicinal plant, Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocyanaceae), against the pink stalk borer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied in a laboratory bioassay. The extracts were incorporated into artificial diet at a rate of 0.0% (control), 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0% (w/w). Both extracts significantly (P<0.01) reduced larval survival and weight in a dose dependent manner. The concentrations that killed 50% of the larvae (LC(50)) for the stem bark extract were 2.8% and 2.1% at 10 and 20 DAI (days after introduction), respectively, while those for the leaves extract were 5.6% and 3.5%. The weights of the larvae also varied significantly (P<0.05) between the treatments in a dose dependent manner. We conclude that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei are toxic, used as growth inhibitors to S. calamistis larvae, and hold good promise for use as alternative crop protectants against S. calamistis.
Alstonia ; chemistry ; Animals ; Insecticides ; Moths ; Plant Extracts ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

In order to explore the environmental pest management method of Dorysthenes hydropicus, three strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, viz. Heterorhabditis bacteriphora (H06), Steinernema scapterisci (SS), S. carpocapsae (All) were used on larvae of Dorysthenes hydropicus, with treatments of 0, 5 000 and 10 000 nematodes each larva. The result showed that these three strains viz. All, H06 and SS had high lethal effects on the larvae. Lethal rates had dose-effects relationship with inoculation amounts. High dose treatments resulted in high mortalities and led to quick death, especially in the treatment of H06. Treatment of H06 with 10 000 nematodes per larva resulted in 100% mortality after inoculated 4 days. Different strains of these nematodes had various lethal characters, H06 with only one peak mortality, the larvae died quickly after inoculated, while All and SS with 2 peak mortalities, there was a stable stage with low mortality between the 2 peak mortalities. Entomopathogenic nematodes could be used as a hopeful method for controlling of Dorysthenes hydropicus in fields.
Animals ; Larva ; parasitology ; Moths ; growth & development ; parasitology ; physiology ; Nematoda ; physiology ; Pest Control, Biological ; methods

To clear the effect of the wound to the growth of the larva of the host to the Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the wounds of same severity at the same position were made artificially to the larva and which were artificial fed at the same environment and condition. The results indicated that, over the winter, the survival rate of the wounded of the infection larva was lower than that of the healthy larva, but the weight had no significant difference between the wounded and the healthy larva. The survival rate of the wounded of the no infection larva was lower than that of the healthy larva, but except with black skin, the wounded larva with offwhite and dusty red had no influence on the variety of the weight. In summery, wound had no advantage to the survival rate, but had no influence to the weight. The result had provided theoretical basis to the reforming of the system of the artificial culture O. sinensis.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Breeding ; methods ; Hypocreales ; growth & development ; Larva ; Moths ; growth & development ; microbiology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of nursing intervention for maternal adaptation and its' effectiveness in Korea by utilizing a systematic review. METHODS: The PICO(Population-Intervention-Compar ator-Outcome) strategy was established, and 1,720 pieces of literature published during the last ten-year period from four electronic databases were reviewed. Eighteen references that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally selected for systematic review. The quality of references using critical appraisal checklist for experimental studies were evaluated, and then systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS: All 18 references were quasi-experimental research design. Most interventions were provided at the hospital and postpartum care center. Maternal adaptation interventions appeared to be of many types, and particularly maternal role education programs were the most common. Confidence in maternal role was used as the most common variable for the maternal adaptati on. Various interventions for helping maternal adaptation in the postnatal period improved maternal confidence, moth er-infant attachment, maternal satisfaction and mother-infant interaction effectively. CONCLUSION: A diversity of nursin g interventions in postnatal period improved various aspects of maternal adaptation. Randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies are needed in order to verify the effect of interventions for maternal adaptation more clearly.
Checklist ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Korea ; Mothers ; Moths ; Postnatal Care ; Research Design

PURPOSE: Sexual activity is a highly personal matter and uneasy to measure their problems objectively in view of clinical field. Many investigators have been continued to rely on self-report measures of sexual function. However, there have been few report measuring female sexual function in general population in Korea. This study was aimed to investigate function by self-report measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 347 married women was randomly selected and asked to fill the Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women (BISF-W) which was translated into Korean and modified by authors. Three factors-interest/desire, sexual activity, and satisfaction were analyzed. RESULTS: Women were grouped by age at 10-year intervals. 21.5% of women reported to be sexually active during the past moth, and 78.5% was inactive. Most common coital frequency in all age groups pas one-two times per month. 76.1% of women showed passive response in their initiation of sexual activities. Mostly they reach orgasm only by the vaginal intercourse, and overall satisfaction rate was 55.2% including only 25% of fifties groups followed by pain. CONCLUSIONS: In general, Korean women showed less active in their sexual lives, however, they were relatively satisfied to their sexual lives. A larger study and more sophisticated, modified questionnaire, which is more considering specific social, psychological interpersonal factors would be required.
Coitus ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Moths ; Orgasm ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Research Personnel ; Sexual Behavior*

Real-time quantitative PCR was used to characterize HearNPV DNA replication in exponential and stationary phases of HzAM1 cells. Results showed that the doubling time of HzAM1 cells was 22 h in exponential phases. Most of the exponential cells were in S phase (48.6%), and most of the stationary cells in G2/M phase (72.6%). The replication of viral DNA was completed within 60 h post infection (h p. i.) in different phases of HzAM1 cells. During 14 to 20 h p. i., the doubling time of HearNPV replica-tion was 1.8 h in exponential cells and 1.9 h in stationary cells, and no significant difference was found between them. But the amounts of BV entering and releasing, the final progeny virions and viral protein products in the infected exponential phase cells were obviously higher than that in the stationary phase cells. 25% of the total synthesized viral DNAs were released from infected exponential phase cells, but on-ly 13% from the infected stationary phase cells. Viral DNA started to be replicated from 7-8 h p. i. both in infected exponential phase and in stationary phase cells. But in infected exponential phase cells, BVs were started to release from 18-20 h p. i., and BVs were started to release from 22-25 h p. i. from infected sta-tionary phase cells. During 30-60 h p. i., the BV releasing rate was about 483 copies/cell/h in the expo-nential phase cells, but was 100 copies/cell/h in the stationary-phase cells. The initial viral DNA entering into exponential phase cells was much more than that entered into the stationary phase cells. The data of cell membrane fluidity at exponential and stationary phases suggested that the fluidity of cell membrane played an important role during virus entry.
Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication ; Membrane Fluidity ; Moths ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; physiology ; Virus Internalization ; Virus Replication