Emotions ; Humans ; Infant ; Mental Health ; Mothers ; psychology ; Parenting ; psychology ; Sleep

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to describe the relationship between depression and resilience and to identify variables associated with depression among children with nephrotic syndrome. METHOD: Data was collected from 45 children who were registered at one hospital in Seoul. The criteria for sample selection were 10 to 15 year-old children who were diagnosed at least 6 month prior. The instruments included a self-reported questionnaire on resilience by Kim, CDI by Beck, and MBRI by Kwak. Descriptive, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were done. RESULT: The mean score of depression was 11.44 (range:0-54) and resilience was 97.47 (range:32-128). There were significant positive relationships between depression and age (r=0.302, p<.005) and academic achievement (r=-0.318, p<.005). In addition, negative relationships between depression and maternal attitude (r=-0.412, p<.001) and resilience (r=-0.649, p<.001) occurred. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that maternal behavior (beta=-0.421, p<.005) and resilience (beta=-0.639, p<.001) were related to depression. CONCLUSION: Children with higher resilience and with an affectionate mother were less depressed. Thus, it is important to identify strengths of children and help them to increase resilience and implement parenting and counseling programs for parents' of these children. Similar studies with children with other chronic illnesses are needed.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Psychology ; Depression/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers/psychology ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*psychology

PURPOSE: We sought to determine if maternal depression contributed to the use of corporal punishment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PATIENTS and METHODS: The data were gathered through chart review of clinic-referred children with ADHD and their mothers who were evaluated at a psychiatric clinic located in a large academic medical center in Seoul, Korea. Daily records kept by parents and 13 items from the Physical Assault of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC) were used to assess corporal punishment. Ninety-one children with ADHD and their mothers were included in this study. RESULTS: Mothers who used corporal punishment showed significantly higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (t = -2.952, df = 89, p < 0.01) than mothers who did not. Moreover, maternal depression contributed to the use of corporal punishment in ADHD children (Nagelkerke R(2) = 0.102, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Maternal depression contributes to the use of corporal punishment with children with ADHD. Assessment and management of the maternal depression should be an important focus of evaluation of children with ADHD.
Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology/*psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Depression/*epidemiology/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Punishment/psychology

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding empowerment and self-confidence in the maternal role of breastfeeding mothers. METHOD: Breastfeeding empowerment was measured on a scale of 5 developed by Kim & Park(2004), while self-confidence was measured on a scale of 4 by Lederman et al.(1981). Data was collected during a Breastfeeding Infant Contest held in September 2006 and 2007 in Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The subjects were 278 breastfeeding mothers. The collected data was processed with the SPSS win 12.0 version. RESULT: Breastfeeding empowerment scored 4.21 on average (5.0 full score). The score showed a statistical difference only in breast milk quantity and breastfeeding knowledge. On the otherhand selfconfidence in the maternal role showed a statistical difference only in breastfeeding frequency and knowledge. Self-confidence in the maternal role showed a statistically significant relationship with breastfeeding skill(gamma=0.50), with breastfeeding will(gamma=0.45), with adherence to exclusive breastfeeding(gamma=0.35) and with group empowerment(gamma=0.39). CONCLUSION: The positive relationship between breastfeeding empowerment and self-confidence in the maternal role implies that breastfeeding empowerment may be utilized to promote self-confidence in the mother's role.
Breast Feeding ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the child rearing attitudes and the maternal role strain of mother with infants. METHOD: This study is designed as a descriptive research study and the data was collected from 82 mothers and infants by means of an interview and questionnaire in a period from July 2002 to December 2002, when they came to screen their infant's growth and developmental state at a public health center. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows : There was a significant positive correlation between the child rearing attitudes and maternal role strain(r.= .53, p= .000). There was a significant difference between the father's employment state and child rearing attitude of mothers(t.=5.22, p<.000). There was a significant difference between male infant and female infants in maternal role strain(t.=3.8, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: When the child rearing attitude was positive, the subject's maternal role strain was high. Also further research is needed on social support or other factors in the subjects in child-rearing attitudes and maternal role strain.
Adult ; *Attitude ; *Child Rearing ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological/*psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore Korean mothers' experiences of caregiving for their adult children with schizophrenia. METHOD: A iterative descriptive qualitative research design was used to understand and explain the caregiving experience from the perspective of mothers. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews and one focus group interview from 11 mothers. The ages of the participants ranged from 50 to 60 years old and the ages of their sick children ranged from late 20s to early 40s. RESULTS: Three major themes were identified from qualitative thematic analysis: (a) "emotional debris from the disease," (b) "the disease that makes mothers dumb" (c) "space of rational reason." CONCLUSIONS: This study would provide health care professionals insights in establishing intervention for mothers by deeply understanding the process of recognition and acceptance of their children with schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia/*therapy ; Mothers/*psychology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Caregivers/*psychology ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore Korean mothers' experiences of caregiving for their adult children with schizophrenia. METHOD: A iterative descriptive qualitative research design was used to understand and explain the caregiving experience from the perspective of mothers. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews and one focus group interview from 11 mothers. The ages of the participants ranged from 50 to 60 years old and the ages of their sick children ranged from late 20s to early 40s. RESULTS: Three major themes were identified from qualitative thematic analysis: (a) "emotional debris from the disease," (b) "the disease that makes mothers dumb" (c) "space of rational reason." CONCLUSIONS: This study would provide health care professionals insights in establishing intervention for mothers by deeply understanding the process of recognition and acceptance of their children with schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia/*therapy ; Mothers/*psychology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Caregivers/*psychology ; Adult

PURPOSE: This correlational study was performed to identify the impacts of maternal child rearing attitudes on the menstrual attitudes and the determinants of positive menstrual attitudes in female middle school students. METHODS: With convenience sampling, 198 middle school female students were recruited living in one major city and its surrounding areas in Korea. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire including menstrual attitudes and maternal child rearing attitudes from April 1 to July 15, 2008. RESULTS: Among the Maternal child rearing attitudes, affectionate, achievement oriented and rational attitudes had positive correlations to a positive menstrual attitude, and an autonomous attitude had a negative correlation to a negative menstrual attitude. As determinants of positive menstrual attitudes, feeling of menarche, mother's response at first menstruation, and rational maternal child rearing attitudes were delineated and their explained variance for a positive menstrual attitude was 18.5%. There was no difference on menstrual attitudes by K clustering in terms of maternal child rearing attitudes. CONCLUSION: These results support the critical role of the mother. Especially desirable maternal child rearing attitudes in relation to a positive menstrual attitude would be affectionate, achievement oriented and rational for early adolescent girls. In further studies, considerations are needed for menstruation related education and research for early adolescents and active involvement of the mother & daughter together.
Adolescent ; Attitude to Health ; Child ; Child Rearing/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstruation/*psychology ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*psychology ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of a maternal education program based on the temperament theory on the temperamental goodness-of-fit between mother and child. METHOD: The research method was a nonequivalent, control group, non-synchronized design and the experimental period was from May 10, 2004 to July 24, 2004. The subjects were mothers who had children 3-4 years old who registered in eight kindergartens or infant schools in M city. Among the total 94 subjects, 47 were allocated as an experimental group and 47 were a control group. Using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program, the data was analyzed by a Chi-square test, and t-test. RESULT: 1. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group significantly decreased in scores for perceived children's behavior problems in comparison to the control group(t=-4.01, p<.001). 2. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for parenting stress in comparison to the control group(t=-.85, p=.40). 3. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for rejective parenting behaviors in comparison to the control group(t=-1.32, p=.19). CONCLUSION: A maternal education program based on the temperament theory is a useful intervention to decrease perceived children's behavior problems.
*Temperament ; Parenting/*psychology ; Mothers/*education/psychology ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Adult

OBJECTIVES: To study the moderating effect of mother-child relationship in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. METHODS: Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 2 049 preschool children were surveyed from November to December 2021, who sampled from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children were assessed with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of maternal parenting stress and mother-child relationship with children's emotional and behavioral problems. The PROCESS Macro was used to analyze the moderating effect of conflicted and dependent mother-child relationships in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in these preschool children. RESULTS: Among these preschool children, maternal parenting stress was positively correlated with the scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001); intimate mother-child relationships were negatively correlated with the scores of conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001); conflicted and dependent mother-child relationships were positively correlated with the scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001). After controlling for relevant confounding factors, conflicted mother-child relationship (β=0.05, P=0.001) and dependent mother-child relationship (β=0.04, P=0.012) were found to have a moderating effect on the association between maternal parenting stress and total difficulty scores in these preschool children. CONCLUSIONS Negative mother-child relationships play a moderating role in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Prevention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children should focus on reducing maternal parenting stress and improving negative mother-child relationships.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Problem Behavior/psychology* ; Parenting/psychology* ; Emotions ; Mother-Child Relations ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Mothers/psychology*