PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the experience of unwed mothers, to describe the structure of the understanding of this experience for mothers and to explore nursing interventions for this situation. METHODS: The subjects were 4 unwed mothers. The data was collected by in-depth interviews and participant observations from February 2004 to June 2004. Each person was interviewed 4-5times, taking about one and a half hours for each session. Data was analyzed by the phenomenological method suggested by Giorgi. RESULT: The understanding of the experience of unwed mothers resulted in "lightness of sexual cognition", "knowledge deficit of pregnancy", "suffering form pregnancy", "ambivalence of the situation", "appearance of mothering", "worrying about society's view". CONCLUSION: Sex education programs, a one-round, formal lecture-type education is presently dominant, so that education and training programs can be systematized at school and home. The difficult point for unwed mothers to endure is that society doesn't accept them; therefore, we have to change our point of view, and try to work out the problems.
Education ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Sex Education

Subjects of study were on households with mothers having children under 5 years old at Quang Cat commune, Quang Xuong district and Xuan Lai commune, Tho Xuan district; health stations, health workers and other boards and organizations of two communes. General knowlegde on "health medicine" of mothers were under the national standards on health communes. Intervention activities by health education propaganda at two communes has attained well results that proved by improving realization and strengthening good behaviour for health before and after intervention.
Propaganda ; Health Education ; Mothers ; Child

This study compared the Center for Children's Foodservice Management in 2012, 2014, and 2016 using big data and opinion mining. The data on the Center for Children's Foodservice Management were collected from the portal site, Naver, from January 1 to December 31 in 2012, 2014, & 2016 and analyzed by keyword frequency analysis, influx route analysis of data, polarity analysis via opinion mining, and positive and negative keyword analysis by polarity analysis. The results showed that nursery had the highest rank every year and education supported by Center for Children's Foodservice Management has increased significantly. The influx of data has increased through the influx route analysis of data. Blog and cafée, which have a considerable amount of information by the mother should be helpful for use as public relations and participation recruitment paths. By polarity analysis using opinion mining, the positive image of the Center for Children's Foodservice Management was increased. Therefore, the Center for Children's Foodservice Management was well-suited to the purpose and the interests of the people has been increasing steadily. In the near future, the Center for Children's Foodservice Management is expected have good recognition if various programs to participate with family are developed and advertised.
Education ; Humans ; Mining* ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Public Relations

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to investigate children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the degree of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers and to further examine the relationships between children and mothers. METHODS: The subjects were 281 children from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school located in Gwangju and their mothers RESULTS: NQ of the children was 66.8 +/- 14.2, which was in the third (medium) grade. Among the five factors, the scores for Moderation and Diversity were in the second (high) grade, but those for Regularity, Practice, and Balance were in the third grade. Children of non-working mothers had significantly higher scores for NQ and Balance than those of working mothers. Children of mothers with age over 40 had a significantly higher score on Diversity than those with mothers under age 40. Children of mothers with higher education showed higher score for Regularity than those with lower education. Children from high-income families had higher score for Moderation. The score for children keeping the Dietary Guidelines was 78.8 +/- 10.5 and children of non-working mothers showed higher score than those of working mothers. The score for mothers practicing the Dietary Guidelines was 80.6 +/- 9.4 and non-working mothers and mothers with age over 40 had higher score. Children's NQ showed significant correlation with the score for keeping the Dietary Guidelines for children (r = 0.789, p < 0.001) and also with that of mothers (r = 0.235, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results show that NQ of elementary school children in Gwangju is in the medium grade, the degree of practicing the Dietary Guidelines for children is pretty fair, and these factors are influenced by their mother's socioeconomic characteristics such as employment, age, education, and family income.
Child ; Education ; Employment ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nutrition Policy*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to understand distress and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in mothers of children with cancer. METHODS: The data were collected through self-reported questionnaires completed by 222 mothers of children with cancer who had visited the hospital between 9th August and 17th September 2013. RESULTS: The results showed high distress both currently and at diagnosis in the majority of respondents. Analysis of the effects of general characteristics on PTG revealed that religious respondents, or those with considerable religious influence, had higher PTG. PTG was also higher in participants with 2 or more children, and for whom the patient was the second-born or later. There were no significant differences in PTG according to either the mother's characteristics (age, level of education, employment status, and burden of medical care costs) or the patient's characteristics (age, gender, birth order, diagnosis, duration of disease, and recurrence). CONCLUSION: The results of this study allowed a balanced observation of both positive and negative psychological states, such as distress and PTG, in mothers of children with cancer. These study findings may be useful foundation data for development of interventions to promote PTG.
Birth Order ; Child* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Mothers*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify differences in the life transition process of parents caring for children with autism according to parents' socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS: Participants were 194 parents caring for children with autism. Data were collected from December 2013 to February 2014 through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 20.0. RESULTS: Mean scores for despairing or accepting phases were higher than those for denying or wandering phases in the life transition process. According to parents' gender, educational level, and job, there were some significant differences in the denying and wandering phases. Differences in denying phase by education (p=.033), job (p=.004) were significant. Respondents with higher educational level, and having a job showed a lower level of denying than other respondents. Wandering phase differed significantly by gender (p=.009) and job (p=.001). Mothers and those who did not have a job showed a higher level of wandering than fathers and those who had a job. However, there was no difference in the despairing or accepting phases. CONCLUSION: The life transition phase of parents with autistic children needs to be assessed to provide differentiated and intensive support program and help them move to the accepting phase.
Autistic Disorder* ; Child* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents*

This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of female students in the 6th grade in a rural primary school. The anthropometric data showed their mean height and weight were 149.5+/-6.5 cm and 41.3+/-7.6 kg, respectively, which are slightly higher than those in the Korean Standard Growth data. It was further observed that there was a wide variation in terms of physical growth and development among subjects. The mean hematocrit value was 40.3+/-3.3% and the mean hemoglobin concentration was 12.9+/-1.0gm/dl. It was proven that 22.8% of subjects were anemic based on the WHO standards for hemoglobin level. Twenty four hour dietary recall revealed that their food intakes of subjects was appropriate, compared to the RDA except for Ca. Mean Ca intake among subjects was 381.3 mg which is 47.7% of RDA. Nutrition education from mothers and the school influence nutrient intake significantly. Special nutrition education programs targeting mothers and students should be developed to provide practical assistance such as food choice and the forming of good eating habit.
Eating ; Education ; Female* ; Growth and Development ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nutritional Status*

The study objectives were to increase both the stage of readiness to eat fruit and vegetables as well as the intakes of women who participated in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) for families with limited incomes. The intervention was to enhance the currently used curriculum, Eating Right Is Basic III (ERIB3), with stage-specific processes based on the Trans-Theoretical Model of readiness to change. Trained EFNEP community workers taught the enhanced curriculum to 90 mothers in the experimental county and to 53 mothers in the control county. Pre- and post-intervention measures included stages of readiness to eat fruit and vegetables and to intake as assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls and staging questions. Most women recruited into EFNEP were in Action and Preparation Stages (53.5%). Fruit and vegetable intakes showed a linear trend along with the Stage of Change for fruit and vegetable. After intervention, some combination of the ERIB3 and the fruit and vegetables-enhanced ERIB3 resulted in a reported 1/2 servings/day increase in fruits and vegetables in both the control and the experimental counties, although changes were not significant. EFNEP women also moved along the Stage of Change Continuum for fruits and vegetables in both counties. The percentage of people who ate 5 or more servings of fruit and vegetables was significant, however, only in the experimental group. We encourage health professionals to apply lessons learned from this intervention and to continue to pursue theoretically based interventions to change dietary behaviors.
Curriculum ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Fruit* ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Mothers ; Vegetables*

The present study was performed to identify the socio-psychiatric characteristics of mothers of delinquent male adolescent and thus to use them as basic material for ultimate prevention of adolescent delinquency by comparing their views with preceeding delinquent adolescent's own For this, we surveyed 111 mothers of delinquent male adolescent who had educationed in adolescent correctional institution in Pusan(B.B.S.) and 88 mothers of high school students through questionnaire of family environment and psychologic testings. Results were as follows: 1) By large, mothers of delinquent male adolescent were placed in poorer socio-economic conditions than those of control group's. 2) Degree of mantel harmony was nearly identical with preceeding survey of delinquent's The causes of marital disharmony were significant between delinquent and control group(delinquent group-economic difficulties, control group-personality difference). Types and resolution method of marital disharmony were also significant, delinquent group used more violent fighting type and more passive resolution method. 3) Mothers of delinquent male adolescent had low expectancy to their sons' future because of their own children's continuing delinquent behavior and low academic achievement. 4) For overcoming the difficult socio-economic situation, they participate in social activity This factors made them less attention to their children's life and thus their children's delinquent behavior were increased. 5) On results of MMFI test, both group had normal profiles and no significant differences except for L and Pa scores. On results of SCL 90-R test, both group also had normal profiles and no significant differences except for IS score only. According to above results, it would reasonable to introduce practitical, special socio educational program such as parent education and policy.
Adolescent ; Education ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Psychological Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find out the level of knowledge on sugar-related nutrition among mothers with preschool children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study conducted a survey on 350 mothers whose children attended daycare. The dietary lives of the children and the nutritional knowledge of the mothers on sugar were checked. In order to analyze results, SPSS 18.0 was used. ANOVA and t-test were also performed to analyze recognition and educational needs. RESULTS: When the degree of nutritional knowledge was measured and analyzed, the results showed about 11 average points out of 15. The higher a group's nutritional knowledge, the better the dietary habits and activities were and the activities were more ccommon. The group with a low level of nutritional knowledge consumed more foods with high sugar content, but this difference was not statistically significant. Also the children from the group of mothers that provided nutritional education to their children were more likely to engage in better dietary habits and activities. CONCLUSIONS: 66.5% respondents did not know about policies to reduce sugar consumption, but most indicated that education on reducing sugar consumption is needed. Therefore, a government-driven search for efficient methods to campaign and publicize sugar reduction is needed in order to continuously provide appropriate education.
Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education* ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Mothers*