Sanggenol P (1), a new isoprenylated flavonoid, together with nine known ones, cyclomorusin (2), morusin (3), mulberrofuran G (4), sanggenol A (5), sanggenol L (6), sanggenol N (7), cyclomulberrin (8), cyclocommunol (9) and ursolic acid (10) was isolated from Morus alba L. Sanggenol P (1) was characterized based on extensive IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 5, 6, 7 and 9 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Prenylation

Residue of Mori Cortex was studied to optimize its enzymatic hydrolysis process, and explore its potential as a carbon source for biochemistry and biofuel production. The cellulose content of diluted acid pretreated (DAP) and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex were measured in this study, and the results showed that the cellulose content of DAP and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex were 52.5% and 47%, respectively. This higher cellulose content indicated that residue of Mori Cortex had the potential to act as a carbon source for biochemistry and biofuel production. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex was conducted under different enzyme loading amount. 40 FPU·(g DW）⁻¹ enzyme loading was determined as the optimal amount by comparing the yield of sugar and the rate of enzymolysis. Under this condition, the concentrations of glucose, xylose, arabinose sugar were 23.82, 4.84, 3.6 g·L⁻¹, and the corresponding enzymatic hydrolysis rate was 45.33% which was 2.3 times higher than that of non-pretreated from Morus alba residues. Fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted finally to get higher sugar yield, and the final glucose concentration reached up to 38 g·L⁻¹ with the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of 36.19%. The results indicated that Mori Cortex residue had higher cellulose and hemicellulose contents, so it had the potential to become a carbon source to produce the bio-chemicals and biofuels. Through enzymatic hydrolysis, it can be converted into microbial available monosaccharides; and through fermentation, it can be converted into high value-added chemicals, biofuels, etc., to solve the problem of residue pollution, and achieve the sustainable development and greening of Chinese pharmaceutical production process.
Carbohydrates ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Enzymes ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Morus ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of stilbenes in different parts and axial root bark of mulberry, and study their correlation.

METHODThe contents of 3 major stilbenes, mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol, and resveratrol in different parts of mulberry were determined by HPLC. The correlation and regression analysis between the contents of stilbenes in the different parts and axial root bark was carried out.

RESULTThe contents of stilbenes in most different parts of mulberry showed significant correlation. Between the contents of stilbenes in the different parts and axial root bark, oxyresveratrol showed significant correlation among all different parts, resveratrol showed significant correlation except in spinal cord of annual branch, mulberroside A showed significant correlation between bark of annual branch, lateral root and axial root bark. The results of the correlation and regression analysis indicated that the contents of mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol, resveratrol in different parts and axial root bark were significant positively correlated.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of stilbenes are significant correlation distributed in different parts and axial root bark of mulberry. The contents of stilbenes in different parts could be used to estimate the content of the axial root bark. The result could be useful for breeding and preserving excellent germplasm at the system breed process for mulberry of rich in stilbenes.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Disaccharides ; chemistry ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; chemistry

Phytochemical investigation on an EtOH extract of the leaves of Mons yunnanensis led to the isolation and characterization of 11 isoprenylated phenolic compounds, morusyunnansin G (1), morachalcone B (2), cudraxanthone M (3), cudraxanthone D (4), sanggenofuran B(5), moracin D (6), moracin C (7), moracin I (8), demethylmoracin I (9), morachalcone A (10), and isobacachalcone (11). Compound 1 is a new compound and compounds 2-11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Morus ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Prenylation

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the twigs of Morus atropurpurea.

METHODThe compounds of the EtOAc fraction were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, polyamide, Sephadex LH -20, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (MS, NMR).

RESULTEleven compounds were identified as mulberrin (1), cyclomulberrin (2), morusin (3), cyclomorusin (4), 2', 4',4, 2"-tetrahydroxy-3'-{3"-methylbut-3"-enyl-}-chalcone (5), mulberrofran G (6), scopoletin (7), moruchalcone A (8), kaempferol (9), ursolic acid (10), beta-daucosterol (11).

CONCLUSIONExcept compounds 9 and 11, all the other compounds were obtained from M. atropurpurea for the first time.

Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Morus ; chemistry ; Phytosterols ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Scopoletin ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the root barks of Morus atropurpurea.

METHODThe chemical constituents from the 70% ethanol extract of M. atropurpurea were isolated and purified by column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties as well as spectral data.

RESULTFifteen compounds were isolated and identified as sanggenol O(1), kuwanon S(2), moracin C(3), mulberrofuran A(4), mulberrofuran B(5), mulberrofuran C(6), mulberrofuran G(7), mulberroside A(8), mulberroside C(9), 1-deoxynojirimycin(10), 2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1-deoxynojirimycin(11), fagomine(12), betulinic acid(13), ursolic acid(14) and beta-sitosterol(15).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 and 8-13 were isolated from M. atropurpurea for the first time.

Molecular Structure ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of DNJ in Morus alba leaves with fluorimetric detection after precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmnethyl chlorformate (FMOC-Cl).

METHODDNJ in Morus alba leaves was extracted with 0.05 mol x L(-1) HCl, reacted with FMOC-Cl, and separated on a HiQSiL C18 column at 250 degrees C. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous acetic acid (55:45) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min. The fluorescence detector was operated at lambdaEX = 254 nm, lambdaEM = 322 nm.

RESULTA satisfactory separation between DNJ and impurity was obtained. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from 0.567 microg x mL(-1) to 34 microg mL(-1), r = 0.9998. The average recovery was 97.2%. The contents of DNJ in M. alba collected in different seasons and grown in different environment were determined.

CONCLUSIONThe quantity of DNJ in leaves of M. alba is related to the environment factor, temperature and growing period. The method can be used for qualioy control of the medicinal material.

1-Deoxynojirimycin ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seasons ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo investigate new method for evaluating the quality of Chinese Medicinal Plants (CMP).

METHODA visualization technique for representing instrumental analytical data was developed by applying the fundamental of Data Visualization, with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and spatial projection transformation, original IR spectral data were projected into a low-dimensional subspace so that the dimensionality of original data space was decreased and tiny fingerprint features were extracted. The data set in the subspace was visualized by means of two-dimensional grayscale images. Consequently, the characteristic fingerprint for appraising the quality of CMP was obtained.

RESULT42 mulberry root-bark samples from three different quality classes were identified with the proposed method, which showed that the fingerprint images had satisfactory resolution and classification accuracy as high as 90.5%.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is a useful technique for appraising the quality of CMP.

Algorithms ; Drug Contamination ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

OBJECTIVETo establish a GC-MS fingerprint profile of the volatile oil in mulberry leaves (dried leaves of Morus abla) in order to provide the referent basis of quality evaluation.

METHODThe volatile oil was extracted from mulberry leaves by water stream distillation method, 10 bathes of samples collected from different regions were analyzed by GC-MS, and their GC-MS fingerprint were subsequently established. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed by SPSS software.

RESULTSeventeen common characteristic peaks were summarized from the fingerprint of the 10 baths of mulberry Leaves sample, which were clasified two categories by the result of hierarchical clustering analysis, namely samples collected in Akesu area, Tulufan area, Hami area, Hetian Loupu county, Jiangsu province, Sichuang province, Shanxi province and Guangzhou were in a group, whereas those from Yili area and Wulumqi were in another group.

CONCLUSIONThe established GC-MS fingerprint could be used for the identification and quality evaluation of mulberry leaves, the method was accurate and reliable, the fingerprint was intuitive and specific.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Morus ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) between Taxilli Herba parasitized in mulberry and its host-plants.

METHODThe contents of DNJ of Taxilli Herba parasitized in mulberry and non-mulberry were determined by RP-HPLC. DNJ was extracted with 0.05 mol x L(-1) HCl, and then detected by fluorescence detector after derivatized with FMOC-Cl at pH 8.0 with borate buffer. The separation was performed on an Agilent C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous acetic acid (51: 49) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The wavelength of fluorescence detector was operated at lambda(EX) = 254 nm and lambda(EM) = 322 nm.

RESULTThe linear range of DNJ was 3.72-37.2 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9). The average recovery was 96.42%. The contents of DNJ in mulberry and Taxilli Herba parasitized in mulberry were 1.39-10.16 mg x g(-1) and 0.46-2.72 mg x g(-1), respectively. However, the contents of DNJ could not be detected in Taxilli Herba parasitized in non mulberry and its host-plants.

CONCLUSIONAs the characteristic constituent of mulberry, DNJ was accumulated in Taxilli Herba This method can be applied to the quality control of Taxilli Herba from mulberry.

1-Deoxynojirimycin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Morus ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results