No abstract available.
Agaricales* ; Morus*

It has been being some studies on biomedical effects of mulberry leaves in the world. Mulberry trees are widly cultivated in VietNam to take leaves for fed of silkworm. However, there were few studies on extraction, determination and antioxidation of mulberry leaves in VietNam. Objectives: extraction and determination of polyphenol from mulberry leaves. Evaluation of antioxidant capacities of mulberry leaf extract powders. Methods: Mulberry leaf extract powder were extracted from mulberry leaves by five solvens: methanol 100%, methanol 75%, n-hexan 100%, ethylacetat 100%. Polyphenol concentration of the extracts are determined by ferrous sulphate and follin reagent assay. Antioxidant capacities of the powders are based on peroxidation of linoleic acid at 40oC. Results: Among five solvens, the extract by methanol 75% from 50g dried leaves is best. The powder is 1.94g with 2.62% of polyphenol. Polyphenol concentraion of the extract powders are determined by two methods: ferrous sulphate and follin reagent. The result with ferrous sulphate method is more accurate than follin reagent method. The mulberry leave extract powders inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation at the 1h and 12h of reaction (only 15.5% to 42.2% linoleic acid peroxidated) in comparison with control (100% linoleic acid peroxidated). Conclusions: Polyphenol from mulberry leaves was extracted by some solvens. Among them extraction of polyphenol by methanol 75% is best. Polyphenol concentration of extract powders can be dedermined by ferrous sulphat. The extract powders from mulberry leaves exhibited antioxidant capacities in vitro. The extract powder by methanol 75% showed highest antioxidant capacitiy.
Oxidants ; Morus

No abstract available.
Morus ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus mutans

The anti-diabetes mechanism of silkworm Bombyx mori L. powder and extracts was found to inhibit the activity of alpha-glycosidase. The major functional component of silkworm powder was 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), which exerts a blood glucose-lowering effect. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the supplements, including red ginseng extract on the functional components of silkworm. Fifty silkworm larvae were divided into the control group (Con, N=50), group A (A, artificial diet 95% and mulberry leaf powder 5%), group B (B, artificial diet 95% and mulberry powder 5%), group C (C, artificial diet 95% and Rubus coreanus remainders 5%), group D (D, artificial diet 95% and red ginseng extract 5%), and group E (E, artificial diet 95% and yeast powder (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Body weights and length of silkworm larvae showed significant improvement in group A, D. In particular, the growth rate in group D (artificial diet 95% and red ginseng extract 5%) was larger than that of Con. In addition, the results showed that 1-DNJ concentration was significantly largest in group D. From these results, it is concluded that the addition of red ginseng extract may be effective for larval growth and 1-DNJ accumulation in silkworm rearing with an artificial diet.
1-Deoxynojirimycin ; Body Weight ; Bombyx ; Diet ; Larva ; Morus ; Panax ; Yeasts

Sanggenol P (1), a new isoprenylated flavonoid, together with nine known ones, cyclomorusin (2), morusin (3), mulberrofuran G (4), sanggenol A (5), sanggenol L (6), sanggenol N (7), cyclomulberrin (8), cyclocommunol (9) and ursolic acid (10) was isolated from Morus alba L. Sanggenol P (1) was characterized based on extensive IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 5, 6, 7 and 9 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Prenylation

Residue of Mori Cortex was studied to optimize its enzymatic hydrolysis process, and explore its potential as a carbon source for biochemistry and biofuel production. The cellulose content of diluted acid pretreated (DAP) and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex were measured in this study, and the results showed that the cellulose content of DAP and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex were 52.5% and 47%, respectively. This higher cellulose content indicated that residue of Mori Cortex had the potential to act as a carbon source for biochemistry and biofuel production. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex was conducted under different enzyme loading amount. 40 FPU·(g DW）⁻¹ enzyme loading was determined as the optimal amount by comparing the yield of sugar and the rate of enzymolysis. Under this condition, the concentrations of glucose, xylose, arabinose sugar were 23.82, 4.84, 3.6 g·L⁻¹, and the corresponding enzymatic hydrolysis rate was 45.33% which was 2.3 times higher than that of non-pretreated from Morus alba residues. Fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted finally to get higher sugar yield, and the final glucose concentration reached up to 38 g·L⁻¹ with the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of 36.19%. The results indicated that Mori Cortex residue had higher cellulose and hemicellulose contents, so it had the potential to become a carbon source to produce the bio-chemicals and biofuels. Through enzymatic hydrolysis, it can be converted into microbial available monosaccharides; and through fermentation, it can be converted into high value-added chemicals, biofuels, etc., to solve the problem of residue pollution, and achieve the sustainable development and greening of Chinese pharmaceutical production process.
Carbohydrates ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Enzymes ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Morus ; chemistry

Three Diels-Alder type adducts, guangsangon E (1), chalcomoracin (2) and sorocein I (3) were isolated from hairy root cultures of Morus macroura. The structures of the isolated compounds (1 – 3) were determined by spectroscopic method (NMR and MS), and spectral comparison to literature. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds (1 – 3) were investigated against P-388 murine leukemia cell line. Guangsangon E (1) showed the most potent cytotoxicity against P-388 murine leukemia cell line with IC₅₀ value of 2.75 ± 0.32 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, guangsangon E (1) and sorocein I (3) were reported for the first time from the tissue cultures of M. macroura.
Cell Line ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Leukemia ; Methods ; Morus

Present experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of artificial culture with various sawdust of P. gilvus. The pH value was 6.0 of oak sawdust, 6.5 of mulberry sawdust, 6.6 of elm sawdust, 6.3 of acacia sawdust and 6.1 of apple tree sawdust. Mycelial density on elm sawdust and acacia sawdust were lower than those of oak sawdust, and apple sawdust. Weight of fresh fruiting body showed that 179 g on oak tree, 227 g on oak sawdust, 21 g on elm tree, 76 g on elm sawdust, 106 g on apple tree, and 170 g on apple sawdust. Among them, the yield of oak substrates was the highest whereas acacia sawdust was the lowest, and it is concluded that the yields of sawdust substrates were higher than log substrates. P. gilvus grown on various sawdusts and logs used in this study have shown similar in anti-tumor activity against P388.
Acacia ; Fruit* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Morus ; Quercus ; Trees ; Ulmus

A total of 520 overwintered sclerotia were collected from surface of soil under mulberry trees in six locations in Korea during February in 2006 and 2007. The collected sclerotia were tested for their germination in vitro and identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of all sclerotia tested, 52.3% of the sclerotia germinated and produced two types of apothecia. The two types of fungi occurred from the sclerotia at the ratio of 49.8 vs. 50.2. The fungal type with cup-shaped apothecia was identified as Ciboria shiraiana and another type of fungus with club-shaped apothecia as Scleromitrula shiraiana. Taxonomy and distribution of the two sclerotial fungi were described and discussed.
Classification ; Fruit* ; Fungi ; Germination ; Korea* ; Morus* ; Soil ; Trees

Cardiovascular diseases are the most important diseases that endanger national health, and its development process is complex and diverse. Various cardiovascular diseases caused by obesity, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis, are interrelated and interacted each other. Diet, as the main means of prevention and treatment, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. Mori Fructus is one of the first ingredients that are listed in medicinal and edible food. With a wide range of applications in daily life, it contains polysaccharides(polysaccharide, APS), anthocyanins(anthocyanin, LCRA), flavonoids and other bioactive ingredients. With a wide range of antioxidant, anti-aging, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, these materials exert effects in alleviating diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and other cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we retrieved such databases as PubMed, Web of science, CNKI, VTTMS, Wan Fang, and collected literatures about the effect of single administration of mulberry on cardiovascular diseases in the past 15 years, with "mulberry and cardiovascular disease" as the key word, and summarized the latest progress. The results of many experimental studies have showed that different forms of mulberry can significantly alleviate obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, suggesting that the scope of action of Mori Fructus covers different pathological stages of cardiovascular diseases. This paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the application forms, efficacy and the existing problems of these experiments, and provides study thinking and development direction for the utilization and new product design of Mori Fructus-related products in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Antioxidants ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Morus