Histological studies were carried out on the degranulation of mesenteric mast cells of white rats caused by injections of morphine hydrochbride and meperidine hydrochbride intravenously, intraperitoneally, and by local injection of the rat's mesentery and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. In the groups of intravenous, intraperitoneal, and local injections of morphine hydrochloride, fairly significant degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell was observed, which was probably associated with the concomitant liberation of tissue histamine derived from its source. 2. In the groups of intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of meperidine hydrochbride, the significant degranulation of the mesenteric mast ,cell was recognized. However, the local injections displayed no cytological change of the cell and no increased permeability of dermal capillaries was observed at the injecting site. 3. The degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell followed by an administration of meperidine hydrochloride was effectively inhibited after an adrenalectomy.
Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mast Cells/*drug effects ; Meperidine/*adverse effects ; Mesentery/drug effects/*pathology ; Morphine/*adverse effects ; Rats

Amygdala ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; metabolism

Intraspinal narcotic anesthesia was performed in 180 open heart surgery patients. 0.1 mg/Kg of morphine or 1.5 mg/Kg of meperidine was administered as the primary anesthetic in the subarachnoid space using the barbotage technique. Of the 180 patients scheduled for open heart surgery, morphine was administered to 95 patients, meperidine to 55 and a mixture of morphine and meperidine to 30 patients. From a clinical point of view, there were no significant cardiovascular problems, however, respiratory depression seemed to be most serious after morphine administration. Mild complications such as pruritus (11.1%), voiding difficulty (10.6%), intraoperative awareness (4.4%) and spinal headache were observed, however these were mild, not major clinical problems and were acceptable. Postoperative analgesic effect and respiratory controllability were excellent.
Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects/*methods ; *Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Meperidine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Morphine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Respiratory Insufficiency/chemically induced

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Male ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Morphine Dependence ; metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; metabolism ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; metabolism

Afferent Pathways ; drug effects ; Animals ; Freund's Adjuvant ; adverse effects ; Ganglia, Sensory ; drug effects ; Hyperalgesia ; chemically induced ; Inflammation ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of acupuncture for preventing and treating the complication after Morphine anesthesia and analgesia and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture treatment.

METHODSPatients scheduled to undergo transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) were randomly divided into 3 groups, 20 cases in each group. After lumbar anesthesia, group II and III were treated with acupuncture, and group I with no acupuncture, retaining needle for 30 minutes. Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Neiguan (PC 6), Zhigou (TE 6) were selected in group II, and Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) selected in group III. The indices of bowel sounds, nausea and vomiting, itching were observed before, during and one day after operation.

RESULTSAfter lumbar anesthesia with Morphine, the bowel sounds were significant decrease in all the 3 groups. After acupuncture and before TURP the number of times of bowel sound were increased in group II with significant differences as compared with those in group I and group III at the same time point (all P < 0.05). The incidence rates of vomiting and itching were 5.0% (1/20) and 30.0 (6/20) respectively in group II, which were less than 35.0% (7/20) and 80.0% (16/20) in group I.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture has a therapeutic effect on the complication induced by Morphine without nerve block. However, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture is attenuated after nerve block. Its mechanism may be related to nervous pathway.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesics, Opioid ; adverse effects ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; prevention & control ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) plays an important role in the regulation of GPCR-transduced signals. Our previous study showed that acute administration of morphine could significantly increase GRK5 mRNA level in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rat brain. The current study investigated the potential effects of acute administration of addictive drugs including morphine, heroine and cocaine on GRK5 mRNA level in the rat brain using in situ hybridization and analyzed the effects of acute and chronic morphine treatments on GRK5 protein level in the rat brain using Western blotting assay. Our results showed that 2 h after the initial morphine (10 mg/kg), cocaine (15 mg/kg) and heroine (1 mg/kg) treatment, the mRNA level of GRK5 in the parietal cortex increased about 110% (P<0.01), 70% (P<0.05) and 100% (P<0.01), respectively. In the temporal cortex, GRK5 mRNA level increased about 90% (P<0.01), 40% (P<0.05) and 80.0% (P<0.01), respectively . In the hippocampus, the mRNA level of GRK5 increased about 60% (P<0.01), 30% (P<0.05) and 80% (P<0.01). However, the mRNA level of GRK5 remained unchanged after acute morphine, cocaine or heroine treatment. In the cerebral cortex of the rat brain, the acute administration of morphine (NS-Mor) increased GRK5 protein level by about 60% while the chronic morphine treatment (Mor-Mor) increased GRK5 protein level even higher [about 130% compared with the control group (chronic saline treatment, NS-NS) group, P<0.01]. In the hippocampus, GRK5 protein level remained unchanged after acute administration of morphine (P>0.1),while the level of GRK5 protein tended to decrease after chronic morphine treatment (P=0.098). In the thalamus, acute morphine treatment caused no change in GRK5 protein level (P>0.1) while after chronic morphine treatment, GRK5 protein level decreased significantly (more than 90%, P<0.01), Taken together, our results indicate that addictive drugs can regulate GRK5 in the rat brain on protein level as well as on mRNA level and suggest that GRK5 may play a role in addiction of psychoactive substances.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cocaine ; adverse effects ; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 ; Heroin ; adverse effects ; Male ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance-Related Disorders ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protein expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in midbrain ventral tegmental area in morphine withdrawal rats at different time, and to evaluate the effect of GAP-43 on morphine withdrawal memory. METHODS: Rat models of morphine dependent 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks were established by morphine hydrochloride intraperitoneal injection with increasing doses to establish natural withdrawal. The protein expression of GAP-43 in midbrain ventral tegmental area was observed by immunohistochemical staining and the results were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 5.1 image analysis system. RESULTS: With prolongation of dependent time, the expression of GAP-43 was decreased then increased in midbrain ventral tegmental area. CONCLUSION GAP-43 could play a role in morphine withdrawal memory in midbrain ventral tegmental area.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; GAP-43 Protein/metabolism* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mesencephalon/metabolism* ; Morphine/adverse effects* ; Morphine Dependence/metabolism* ; Naloxone/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism* ; Time Factors ; Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of acupuncture on the morphine-related side effects (nausea, vomiting, itchiness and gastrointestinal disorders) in patients undergoing anesthesia and analgesia and try to find the clinical mechanism of acupuncture.

METHODSPatients scheduled to have transurethral prostatic resection: enrolled in the study (69 patients), characterized as Grade II or III by the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, were randomly assigned to three groups, 23 patients in each group: the placebo group (control group), non-anesthesia area (NAA) group, and the anesthesia area (AA) group. After spinal anesthesia, all patients received Patients Controlled Epidural Analgesia. The vital signs, bowel sounds, visual analogue scales, itchiness, nausea and vomiting, and time for first exhaust post operation were observed.

RESULTSAltogether, nine cases were eliminated, three in each group. Finally, sixty cases completed this study,: twenty in each group. There was a significant decrease of bowel sounds after morphine spinal anesthesia in the three groups. Compared with the control or AA group, the bowel sound recovered after acupuncture, the incidences of nausea and vomiting, itchiness, and time for first exhaust after operation decreased in the NAA group (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease of the incidence for itchiness in the NAA group compared with

CONCLUSIONSOn the basis of this study, it is obviously seen that acupuncture could: decrease the incidence of morphine-related side effects (nausea and vomiting, itchiness and gastrointestinal disorders) when the spinal cord conduct is normal. However, it decreases only the incidence of itchiness but not for gastrointestinal dysfunction when the spinal cord is blocked.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesia ; adverse effects ; Analgesia, Epidural ; adverse effects ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; adverse effects ; methods ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Intestines ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Pruritus ; therapy ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

Erythromelalgia is an extraordinary condition of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent attacks of burning pain, redness, swelling, and warmth of the extremities. Characteristically the symptoms are provoked by heat, exercise, and dependency. Several classifications of erythromelalgia have been documented and include an erythromelalgia associated with thrombocythemia, primary erythermalgia, and secondary erythermalgia. Secondary erythermalgia develops in association with certain diseases or as a consequence of adverse drug reactions. So treat the underlying disease or withdrawal the offending drug leads to resolution of these symptoms. But primary erythermalgia occurs in the absence of any underlying disorder and is refractory to pharmacologic measures.We present a 28-year-old woman with primary erythermalgia who had recurrent episodes of severe burning pain on her feet. The pain did not respond to analgesics but relieved by immersion in cold water. The results of clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiologic investigations showed no underlying disorder. She was treated with aspirin and morphine, but it provided minimal relief only.
Adult ; Analgesics ; Aspirin ; Burns ; Classification ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Erythromelalgia* ; Extremities ; Female ; Foot ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Immersion ; Morphine ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; Water