BACKGROUND: Considerable studies demonstrate that nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO)plays an important role in maintaining normal function of Sertoli cells, and influences spermatic generation and activation as well as fertilizability.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of goat testis extract on NOS activity in Sertoli cells of mice with testis injury caused by heavy mental Pb.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: This trial was carried out in the laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Jilin Medical College (Key laboratory of the general logistics department of P.L.A) during March 2004 to August 2005. Thirty healthy Kunming male mice were involved and randomized into 3 groups,with 10 in each group: control group, testis injury model group (model group) and goat testis extract-treated group (treatment group).METHODS: The mice in the model group and experimental group were daily administrated with 100 g/L lead acetate, 0.2 mL/(mouse·d), 5 times/wk within 2 weeks, then withdrawal for 1 week. Simultaneously, the mice in the treatment group were subcutaneously injected with goat testis extract at 0.5 mL/(mouse ·d). The mice in the control group were given redistilled water of the same dose as that in the treatment group. After being poisoned fully, the mice were fasted for 12 hours and weighted, finally sacrificed by decapitation. Bilateral testis were dissected, immediately weighted, fixed with formalin and sliced. The NOS changes in Sertoli cells of mice in each group were observed with reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phophate-diaphorase(NADPH-d) histochemical method combined with microscope image.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, bilateral testis mass and NOS absorbance (A) in Sertoli cells of mice in each group after contamination expiration.RESULTS: All the 30 mice were involved in the result analysis, without deletion. ①After contamination expiration, the body mass, bilateral testis mass and NOS A value in treatment group were significantly than those in the model group [(22.47±3.49) g vs. (19.13±3.46) g;(0.113±0.021 ) g vs.(0.089±0.017) g; 0.236±0.020 vs. 0.146±0.023, t=2.151-3.314,P ＜ 0.05-0.01]; ② In the model group, NOS positive Sertoli cells swelled and degenerated; The morphology of NOS positive Sertoli cells in the treatment group was close to that in the control group.CONCLUSION: Goat testis extract can boost the NOS activity in Sertoli cells of mice with testis injury caused by heavy mental pliumbum and has some repairing and protective effect on testis injury, which can provide new thinking for treatment of male sterility.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of promotion effect of juglone combined with cisplatin on the apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells,and to clarify the effects of its associated signal transduction pathways.Methods:The HeLa cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group,juglone group, cisplatin group and juglone combined with cisplatin group (combined treatment group).The inhibitory rates of proliferation of HeLa cells were detected by MTT assay.The apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3, AKt, and pAKt were detected by Western blotting method. Results:The MTT results showed that the HeLa cell proliferation at 24,48 72 h in each drug group was inhibited;compared with control group,the profileration of HeLa cells in juglone group and cisplatin group was significantly inhibited,especially in combined group. Compared with single drug group,the inhibitory effect in combined treatment group was more significantly.After treatment for 12 h,the typical morphological changes of apoptosis were found in juglone group and cisplatin group by Hoechst 33258 staining,especially in combined treatment group. The Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of Bcl-2 and pAKt in HeLa cells in juglone group and cisplatin group 12 h after treatment were decreased obviously,whereas the expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3,and AKt were increased significantly, especially in combined treatment group compared with control group. Conclusion:Juglone combined with cisplatin could inhibit the PI3K/AKt pathway,thereby promoting the apoptpsis of HeLa cells.

AIM:To explore the effect of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (Pin1) inhibitor juglone on apop-tosis of human cervical cancer SiHa cells.METHODS:Cultured SiHa cells were incubated with juglone at concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 80 and 100 μmol/L for 24 h.The SiHa cell activity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with Hoechst 33258 staining.The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3,8,9 and PTEN was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:In different doses of juglone groups, the SiHa cell growth was greatly inhibited ( P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner as compared with control group.The IC50 of ju-glone was 20.4 μmol/L.After treatment with juglone at concentration of 20 μmol/L for 12 h, the apoptosis of SiHa cells was induced, and the typical morphological changes of cell apoptosis such as karyopyknotic pyknic hyperfluorescence bolus, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining.The early apoptotic rate was increased significantly as compared with the control.The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9 and PTEN were also increased sig-nificantly as compared with control group.CONCLUSION:Juglone significantly inhibits the cell activity and induces the apoptosis of SiHa cells in vitro by inhibiting the caspase pathway and increasing the expression of anti-oncogene.

Objective To explore the effect of intestinal nitrates on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its regulatory mechanisms. Methods K. pneumoniae strains with nitrate reductase narG and narZ single or double gene knockout or with NarXL gene knockout were constructed and observed for both aerobic and anaerobic growth in the presence of KNO3 using an automated bacterial growth analyzer and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The mRNA expressions of narG and narZ in K. pneumoniae in anaerobic cultures in the presence of KNO3 and the effect of the binary regulatory system NarXL on their expresisons were detected using qRT-PCR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and MST analysis were performed to explore the specific regulatory mechanisms of NarXL in sensing and utilizing nitrates. Competitive experiments were conducted to examine anaerobic growth advantages of narG and narZ gene knockout strains of K. pneumoniae in the presence of KNO3. Results The presence of KNO3 in anaerobic conditions, but not in aerobic conditions, promoted bacterial growth more effectively in the wild-type K. pneumoniae strain than in the narXL gene knockout strain. In anaerobic conditions, the narXL gene knockout strain showed significantly lowered mRNA expressions of narG and narZ (P<0.0001). EMSA and MST experiments demonstrated that the NarXL regulator could directly bind to narG and narZ promoter regions. The wild-type K. pneumoniae strain in anaerobic cultures showed significantly increased expressions of narG and narZ mRNAs in the presence of KNO3 (P<0.01), and narG gene knockout resulted in significantly attenuated anaerobic growth and competitive growth abilities of K. pneumoniae in the presence of KNO3 (P<0.01). Conclusion The binary regulatory system NarXL of K. pneumoniae can sense changes in intestinal nitrate concentration and directly regulate the expression of nitrate reductase genes narG and narZ to promote bacterial growth.

Objective To explore the effect of intestinal nitrates on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its regulatory mechanisms. Methods K. pneumoniae strains with nitrate reductase narG and narZ single or double gene knockout or with NarXL gene knockout were constructed and observed for both aerobic and anaerobic growth in the presence of KNO3 using an automated bacterial growth analyzer and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The mRNA expressions of narG and narZ in K. pneumoniae in anaerobic cultures in the presence of KNO3 and the effect of the binary regulatory system NarXL on their expresisons were detected using qRT-PCR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and MST analysis were performed to explore the specific regulatory mechanisms of NarXL in sensing and utilizing nitrates. Competitive experiments were conducted to examine anaerobic growth advantages of narG and narZ gene knockout strains of K. pneumoniae in the presence of KNO3. Results The presence of KNO3 in anaerobic conditions, but not in aerobic conditions, promoted bacterial growth more effectively in the wild-type K. pneumoniae strain than in the narXL gene knockout strain. In anaerobic conditions, the narXL gene knockout strain showed significantly lowered mRNA expressions of narG and narZ (P<0.0001). EMSA and MST experiments demonstrated that the NarXL regulator could directly bind to narG and narZ promoter regions. The wild-type K. pneumoniae strain in anaerobic cultures showed significantly increased expressions of narG and narZ mRNAs in the presence of KNO3 (P<0.01), and narG gene knockout resulted in significantly attenuated anaerobic growth and competitive growth abilities of K. pneumoniae in the presence of KNO3 (P<0.01). Conclusion The binary regulatory system NarXL of K. pneumoniae can sense changes in intestinal nitrate concentration and directly regulate the expression of nitrate reductase genes narG and narZ to promote bacterial growth.

Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on calcium oxalate-induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2).Methods:The effects of calcium oxalate(0, 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L) on the expression of ferroptosis-related protein long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), cystine/glutamate transporter(XCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in HK-2 cells were detected by Western blotting. The experiment was then divided into four groups: ①control group, cells were cultured in normal medium for 12 hours, then continued to use normal medium; ②L-carnitine group, cells were pretreated with medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine for 12 hours, then changed to medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine; ③calcium oxalate group, cells were cultured in normal medium for 12 hours, and then replaced with medium containing 4 mmol/L calcium oxalate; ④calcium oxalate+ L-carnitine group, the cells were pretreated with medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine for 12 h, and then replaced with 5mmol/L L-carnitine and 4mmol/L calcium oxalate medium. After changing the culture medium for 24 hours, the cells or supernatants were collected, and the expression levels of ferroptosis-related protein quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), ACSL4, XCT and GPX4 were detected by Western blotting. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde were detected by corresponding kit, and the level of reactive oxygen species in cells was detected by reactive oxygen species kit.Results:The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of ACSL4 protein in 0, 2, 4, 8 mmol/L calcium oxalate was 0.37±0.16, 0.68±0.16, 0.73±0.09, 0.89±0.03 respectively. The expression of XCT protein was 1.11±0.10, 0.91±0.14, 0.83±0.09, 0.80±0.07, respectively. The expression of GPX4 protein was 1.23±0.13, 0.99±0.17, 0.81±0.05, 0.72±0.06, respectively. Compared with 0mmol/L group, the expression of ACSL4 protein increased and the expression of XCT and GPX4 decreased in 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L groups, and the difference was more significant between 4 mmol/L group and 0 mmol/L group. So 4 mmol/L was taken as the optimal concentration for follow-up experiment. The levels of NQO1 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate+ L-carnitine group were (0.36±0.06, 0.54±0.05, 0.76±0.07, 0.90±0.03) respectively. There was significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group ( P<0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of ACSL4 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (0.66±0.10, 0.58±0.08, 0.99±0.03, 0.77±0.09) respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group(P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of XCT in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (0.93±0.08, 0.85±0.07, 0.76±0.06, 0.99±0.05). There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group (P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of GPX4 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (1.10±0.09, 1.09±0.09, 0.85±0.03, 0.99±0.02) respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of LDH in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine were (100.00±5.37)%, (99.50±6.38)%, (153.77±6.06)% and (132.50±5.58)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The SOD levels in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±5.79)%, (105.80±3.26)%, (44.74±7.60)% and (85.01±5.15)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of GSH in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±4.73)%, (107.10±5.48)%, (53.49±3.98)% and (85.18±5.48)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). The levels of MDA in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±2.36)%, (98.00±11.10)%, (129.11±2.59)% and (113.35±5.79)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of ferrous ion in control group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group was (39.77±0.68) AU, (68.40±3.14) AU and (48.60±4.30) AU, respectively. There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in control group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group was (63.98±9.41) AU, (145.41±8.39) AU and (85.37±4.51) AU, respectively. There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy results showed that mitochondria were wrinkled, cristae were broken or disappeared in the calcium oxalate group compared to the control group, and a double-layer membrane structure was evident. DAPI staining showed that compared with the control group, some of the nuclei in the calcium oxalate group were significantly more damaged, while compared with the calcium oxalate group, the nuclei in the calcium oxalate + L-carnitine were significantly less damaged. The results of crystal adhesion test showed that compared with the control group, calcium oxalate crystals in the calcium oxalate group adhered to the cells in black-like particles and formed clusters. Compared with the calcium oxalate group, the calcium oxalate + L-carnitine showed less black particles adhering to the cells. Conclusions:L-carnitine may reduce the effects of oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by calcium oxalate, thus reducing cell damage and crystal adhesion.

BACKGROUND:Functional training has been popular in recent years,but it is mainly applied in sports training field.There are still insufficient studies and applications in medical and health fields. OBJECTIVE:To provide a theoretical basis for relevant research in sports,medical and health fields,through a more comprehensive and in-depth exploration and analysis of the research hot spots,ideological trends,frontiers and development trends of international functional training in the field of medical and health care. METHODS:The 2 206 high-quality articles addressing health-related functional training during 2012-2022 were exported from the Web of Science Core Set Database as the object of analysis.Combined with research methods such as literature analysis,Citespace V analysis software was used for visual analysis of keywords,subject categories and highly cited literatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of articles published on functional training in the field of health is on the rise.There are more articles from the United States,with a larger impact.China also has a high volume of publications,but the impact and depth of research is lacking.Improving physical and mental health and cognitive ability of middle-aged and older people is the main focus,followed by preventing sports injuries and promoting recovery in athletes.In the future,more research will be conducted on teenagers,the disabled and other groups,and there will be a continued increase in injury prevention and recovery promotion for athletes.Chinese scholars have less research on the effects of functional training on the physical health of the general public,and more attention should be paid to improving the physical and mental health of the general public.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of medical simulation for improving the quality of standardized residency training during clinical anesthesia rotation.Methods:Thirty-six newly admitted anesthesia residents in 2019 were randomly divided into control group and simulation training group, with 18 people in each group. During a week of admission training, the control group learned theoretical knowledge such as sterile techniques, and observed practical videos about central venous puncture, tracheal intubation, spinal puncture, nerve block, and other skills; and the simulation training group practiced the above skills with intelligent medical simulators in the simulation operating room. After a month of rotation, the trainees were assessed on sterile techniques, invasive procedures, and humanistic care, and questionnaires were used to survey the self-rated and teacher-rated scores of their performance. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the t test and χ2 test. Results:The simulation training group was superior to the control group in terms of the operating processes of tracheal intubation, deep vein puncture, and spinal puncture [(74.16±2.35) vs. (76.05±1.89); (20.22±1.43) vs. (18.61±1.78); (23.17±0.78) vs. (21.11±1.13)], the overall scores of deep vein puncture and spinal puncture [(22.78±1.68) vs. (20.83±1.42); (23.28±0.75) vs. (21.83±1.09)], and the hand-eye coordination and operating time of nerve block [(15.78±1.38) vs. (14.33±1.51); (15.28±1.30) vs. (13.39±1.40)].Conclusions:Medical simulation training can significantly improve the post competencies of anesthesia residents to enter clinical rotation, which is worth further promotion.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between degrees of biliary obstruction and levels of lipid peroxidation in patients.Methods:A total of 140 patients of both sexes, with biliary obstruction, without biliary puncture and drainage, aged 40-64 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, were selected.The patients with different degrees of biliary obstruction were divided into 4 groups ( n=35 each) according to Child-Pugh grade total bilirubin (TBIL) concentrations: group A (TBIL<17 μmol/L), group B (17 μmol/L≤TBIL<34 μmol/L), group C (34 μmol/L≤TBIL<51 μmol/L) and group D (TBIL≥51 μmol/L). The serum TBIL, direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured.The correlation between serum MDA concentration and degree of biliary obstruction was tested by Spearman correlation analysis. Results:Compared with group A and group B, the serum DBIL, IBIL, ALT, AST, TBA and MDA concentrations were significantly increased in group C and group D ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group A and group B ( P>0.05). Compared with group C, the serum DBIL, IBIL, ALT, AST, TBA and MDA concentrations were significantly increased in group D ( P<0.05). Serum MDA concentration was positively correlated with degree of biliary obstruction ( r=0.54, P<0.05). Conclusion:The degree of biliary obstruction can reflect the level of lipid peroxidation in patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopy combined with sodium hyaluronate and platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of Stoller grade III meniscus injury.Methods:Sixty patients with Stoller grade III meniscus injury who received treatment in The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng from October 2019 to October 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 30 per group). Patients in the observation group were treated with arthroscopy combined with sodium hyaluronate and platelet-rich plasma, while patients in the control group were treated with arthroscopy combined with sodium hyaluronate. Before and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Lysholm score, and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score of the knee joint were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no serious complications in each group. Compared with pre-treatment, the VAS and Lysholm scores of the knee joint in both groups significantly decreased at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, while the WOMAC score showed a significant increase ( F = 514.96, 673.19, 96.31, 124.16, 230.99, 531.84, all P < 0.001). After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the VAS score in the observation group was (1.1 ± 0.5) points and (0.8 ± 0.4) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (2.5 ± 0.7) points and (1.3 ± 0.5) points in the control group ( t = 8.91, 4.28, both P < 0.001). After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the Lysholm score of the knee joint in the observation group was (86.2 ± 9.1) points and (93.8 ± 13.2) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than (79.8 ± 11.3) points and (87.5 ± 9.2) points in the control group ( t = 2.42, 2.14, both P < 0.05). After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the WOMAC score in the observation group was (17.5 ± 3.6) points and (16.5 ± 3.2) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (25.4 ± 5.2) points and (24.8 ± 6.4) points in the control group ( t = 6.84, 6.35, both P < 0.001). Conclusion:Arthroscopy combined with sodium hyaluronate and platelet-rich plasma is more effective in treating Stoller III grade meniscus injury than arthroscopy combined with sodium hyaluronate. The former therapy can be promoted in the clinic.