PURPOSE: This study examined the correlations among family support, morale, and quality of life in the elderly. METHODS: Descriptive correlational study design was used. The subjects were 131 elderly people 65 and older who have lived in Seoul and other three cities. The data were analyzed with mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA, and pearson's correlation by using the SPSS 11.0 program. RESULTS: First, the mean of family support was 3.71, morale 3.25, and quality of life 3.02 respectively. Second, the correlation between quality of life and family support was statistically significant(r=.264, p=.00), the correlation between quality of life and morale was also statistically significant(r=.484, p=.00), and the correlation between family support and morale was also statistically significant(r=.430, p=.00). CONCLUSION: Family support for the elderly in the study was confirmed as the primary important concept which can positively maintain and promote the quality of their life. Also, the correlation between morale and family support was verified as significant. Further study is needed to develop a nursing intervention program for morale improvement with a network of family support with their children, ultimately for quality of life among the elderly.
Aged* ; Child ; Humans ; Morale* ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the morale of Korean elders, to analyze the affecting factors, and to look for the ways to raise their morale. METHODS: The structured interviews and measurements of depression (Four-Item Geriatric Depression Scale and Vulnerability Factors), cognitive function (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire) and morale(Measurement of Morale in the Elderly Scale, MMES) were taken for the 50 Korean elders (28 females and 22 males) with age over 65 who were visiting Jong Myo during January to February in 2004. RESULTS: 1) In Korean elders, the mean scores of total MMES were 100.82+/-12.36. According to the items, mean scores of Satisfaction were 43.52+/-5.14, Equanimity 36.80+/-7.53, Will-to-live 20.00+/-4.43. 2) The total MMES scores were significantly affected by variables such as income (p<0.05), economy (p<0.005), elder abuse (p<0.01) and depression (p<0.001). While other variables including age, residence, education, number of children, sex, religion, spouse, job, illness and cognitive function were not related. CONCLUSION: To encourage morale in the Korean elders, economic support by welfarism, socio-legal prevention of elder abuse, and active involvement of geropsychiatrists into the early detection and treatment of depression must be needed.
Aged ; Child ; Depression ; Education ; Elder Abuse ; Female ; Humans ; Morale* ; Spouses

Older adults tend to lose the opportunities and abilities to pursue hobbies and perform various activities. Club activities provided in the community for old people seem to be beneficial in that the activities prevent them from becoming housebound, and improve overall QOL. In the present study, we conducted a survey by sending out self-answered questionnaire to 424 elder residents in rural areas. We collected information about their life circumstances, the presence or absence of physical pain, activities of Daily Living (ADLs), the degree of enjoyment from activities on the list, the frequency of going out, PGC morale scale and so on. The activities enjoyed frequently by the elderly were bathing, eating and watching TV. The degrees of enjoying eating and bathing showed positive correlations with the PGC morale scale, but the degree of enjoying gambling correlated negatively with the scale. A regression analysis was performed with the PGC morale scale as dependent variables. As a result, a significant model was structured to predict the life sati of the aged by making interpersonal distress, enjoyment derived from gambling, basic ADLs, physical pain and dwelling alone as indepeudent variables. These results will assist us in providing adequate health care to pelple of advanced age.
Morale ; pleasurable emotion ; Academic degree ; Bathing self care ; Activities

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe work stress and job satisfaction of community mental health nurses working in community mental health centers. METHODS: Data were collected using open-ended questions from 37 mental health nurses working in the 16 centers. Qualitative descriptive methods and qualitative content analysis were used. RESULTS: For work stress there were 148 statements and job satisfaction, 107. Work stress had 5 domains (work environment, policy, work load, operations, compensation and welfare), 14 categories (bureaucratic and unsafe environment, communication, social awareness, lack of support, absurd evaluation, inconsistent policy, excessive work, unrealistic service range, inefficient business means, unreasonable system and budget, job insecurity, low compensation) and 26 subcategories. Job satisfaction had 5 domains (business, client, organization, social awareness and compensation), 8 categories (performance, recognition for the job importance and expertise, business potential, client recovery, team work, improve social awareness, direct compensation), and 14 subcategories. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest the following: a) further research on identifying sources affecting and improving retention of mental health nurses, b) implementing positive factors and supporting identification of sources of work stress as central to development of strategies to encourage nurses' morale and improve personnel policies.
Budgets ; Commerce ; Community Mental Health Centers ; Compensation and Redress ; Job Satisfaction* ; Mental Health* ; Methods ; Morale ; Republic of Korea*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship between social support and morale in the elderly. METHOD: A structured questionnaire was carried out from April, 2003 to June, 2003 on 203 elderly. The data was analyzed with a SPSS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression was done RESULT: The level of social support was moderate, and family support was the highest score. In types of support, appraisal support was the highest score. The level of morale was slightly lower than moderate, and the score of social support showed significantly positive correlation with morale. In general characteristics, several variables were significantly related to social support and morale. The most powerful predictor of morale was material support by family and the variance was 19.6%. A combination of material support by family, emotional support by relatives, level of satisfaction with pocket money, perceived health, level of intimacy with one's children, and material support by friends account for 43.3% of the variance in morale of the elderly. CONCLUSION: To increase the morale of the elderly, it is necessary to consolidate material support by family and relatives.
Aged/*psychology ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Morale ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Social Support

The most interesting change in anesthetic technic for pain relief during labor and delivery has been the widespread acceptance of continuous lumber epidural analgesia. Primary effect of epidural analgesia is to relieve pain and therapy to preserve the morale and to prevent exhaustion of the mother. For the past year in our hospital, continuous lumbar epidural analgesia was attempted on 38 pregnant women and its effect was assessed. In established labor, epidural analgesia was started for pain relief and was maintained with intermittent injections until delivery; in 45% the duration exceeded six hours. Labor was slightly retarded, probably due to inadvertent selection of patients with slow and painful progress. Vacuum extraction was used in 52.6%. Fetal condition was excellent(Apgar score of 7 or greater in 97.4%). Continuous epidural analgesia gives superior relief of pain but cells for experienced management and nursing care.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Female ; Humans ; Morale ; Mothers ; Nursing Care ; Pregnant Women ; Vacuum

BACKGROUND: Construction activity has made considerable breakthroughs in the past two decades on the back of increases in development activities, government policies, and public demand. At the same time, occupational health and safety issues have become a major concern to construction organizations. The unsatisfactory safety performance of the construction industry has always been highlighted since the safety management system is neglected area and not implemented systematically in Indian construction organizations. Due to a lack of enforcement of the applicable legislation, most of the construction organizations are forced to opt for the implementation of Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 to improve safety performance. METHODS: In order to better understand factors influencing the implementation of OHSAS 18001, an interpretive structural modeling approach has been applied and the factors have been classified using matrice d'impacts croises-multiplication applique a un classement (MICMAC) analysis. The study proposes the underlying theoretical framework to identify factors and to help management of Indian construction organizations to understand the interaction among factors influencing in implementation of OHSAS 18001. RESULTS: Safety culture, continual improvement, morale of employees, and safety training have been identified as dependent variables. Safety performance, sustainable construction, and conducive working environment have been identified as linkage variables. Management commitment and safety policy have been identified as the driver variables. CONCLUSION: Management commitment has the maximum driving power and the most influential factor is safety policy, which states clearly the commitment of top management towards occupational safety and health.
Construction Industry ; Fibrinogen ; Models, Structural* ; Morale ; Occupational Health ; Safety Management ; United Nations

PURPOSE: This study is designed to identify major factors that affect morale among staff of long-term care insurance in National Health Insurance Corporation. METHODS: In order to collect the data, a survey was conducted by using the structured questionnaire based on 161 staff members of long-term care insurance of 50 long-term care operation centers, which were randomly selected by the table of random numbers in the whole centers of National Health Insurance Corporation from September 1 to 30, 2011. As for the data analysis, SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct the descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, mutiple regression, and path analysis. RESULTS: The average point of morale was 3.37, and had a negative correlation with the job stress, while it had a positive correlation with the social support, professional identity, and self-efficacy. Job stress, social support, and professional identity have a significant effect on morale among the independent variables. These variables have significant effects on morale, and also have a positive effect on self-efficacy. The findings show that self-efficacy mediates the process of morale. CONCLUSION: In this study, the factor which influences the morale was identified. It turned out that the morale could be improved by reinforcing the professional identity, managing the health status as well as rotating the working place. As such, it expects both the improvement of long-term care insurance services outcome and its quality through the morale management.
Hypogonadism ; Insurance, Long-Term Care ; Long-Term Care ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Morale ; National Health Programs ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This microethnographic study was performed to understand the survival experiences of patients after surgical resection of colorectal cancer. METHODS: In-depth interviews of seven male and six female patients with colorectal cancer were conducted after being observed. Digital-audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and then qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS: The survival journeys of patients with colorectal cancer surgery were described as 'born again after going through an altered self-image'. This consists of 4 phases: 'Confrontation of the cancer diagnosis', 'Fierce compliance', 'Leveling off', and 'Born again'. Their self-images were significantly altered subsequent to confronting their cancer diagnosis. While they were in the phase of fierce compliance, patients were introverted from the outside world, but upon receiving help from a substantial supportive system including family, health professionals, peer patients, and religion, their internalized self-image was reinforced. This would significantly boost the patients' morale. Finally they felt born again with an emotional and spiritual self-image. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention should be differentiated and specified according to the specific phase of the long term colorectal cancer survival journey. Colorectal cancer patients should be provided with a specialized nursing program to improve their self-images.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Female ; General Surgery ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Morale ; Nursing ; Self Concept ; Survivors

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of individual reminiscence therapy on older adults' depression, morale, and the quality of life. METHODS: The design was a single-group pre-test and post-test study. Subjects consisted of 31 older adults from two senior centers and a welfare center in Seoul. Individual reminiscence therapy was applied to study subjects four times, once a week for an hour at each time. Measurement tools were the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea (GDSSF-K) for depression, Mun Ae-ri's (1996) scale for morale, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) for the quality of life. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and pearson correlation. RESULTS: The application of individual reminiscence therapy reduced older adults' depression (t=-5.65, p=.000), and enhanced older adults' morale (t=4.65, p=.000). The application of individual reminiscence therapy improved older adults' quality of life (t=5.00, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Findings of the study suggest that individual reminiscence therapy may be applied as a nursing intervention that contributesto the improvement of older adults' quality of life, reduces their depression, and enhances their morale.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Depression/psychology/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mental Recall ; *Morale ; Psychotherapy/*methods ; *Quality of Life