Five new prenylated stilbenes (1 – 5), along with the known compounds cudraflavone C, trans-4-isopentenyl-3,5,2′,4′-terahydroxystilbene, trans-4-(3-methyl-E-but-1-enyl)-3,5,2′,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene, pannokin G, cycloartobiloxanthone, artonin P, morusin, artocarpin, artonin E, kuwanon C, artobiloxanthone, and artoindonesianin C (6 – 17) were isolated from the stem bark of the tropical tree Artocarpus communis. The structures were established by NMR spectroscopic analysis, MS studies, and comparison with spectral data reported in the literature.
Artocarpus ; Moraceae ; Stilbenes ; Trees

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the stems of Cudrania tricuspidata.

METHODThe chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of C. tricuspidata were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical properties.

RESULTThirteen compounds were isolated and identified as butyrospermyl acetate (1), glutinol (2), taraxerone (3), quercetin (4), kaempferol (5), isorhamnetin (6), orobol (7), 3'-O-methyorobol (8), taxifolin (9), naringenin (10), steppogenin (11), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyx-anthone (12), 5,7-dihydroxy chromone (13).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 6, 13 were isolated from this genus for the first time, while compound 12 was isolated from this plant for the first time and we firstly reported the terpenoids from the genus Cudrania.

Moraceae ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

Morus alba L., known as white mulberry, is a medicinal plant belongs to family Moraceae. It has long been used commonly in Ayurvedic for the treatment of lung-heat, cough, asthma, hematemesis, dropsy and hypertension. In the present study, seven prenylated flavonoids, along with four benzofuran compounds were isolated by means of repeated column chromatography. The structures of the known compounds were identified as kuwanon G (1), kuwanon E (2), kuwanon T (3), morusin (4), sanggenon A (5), sanggenon M (6), sanggenol A (7), moracin R (8), mulberofuran G (9), mulberofuran A (10) and mulberofuran B (11), by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. For these isolates, containing trace compounds, the inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in TNF-α stimulated MG-63 cells was examined. All isolated compounds (1
Asthma ; Chromatography ; Cough ; Edema ; Flavonoids ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Interleukin-6 ; Moraceae ; Morus ; Plants, Medicinal

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Cudrania fruticosa Wight. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods including silica gel, polyamide, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. Two new xanthones, Cudraxanthone T and U (1-2), along with four known compounds (3-6) were isolated from the roots of Cudrania fruticosa Wight.
Molecular Structure ; Moraceae ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis.

METHODThe chemical constituents of C. cochinchinensis were isolated and purified by silica gel, polyamide column chromatography, Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified. Their structures were established as 3, 5, 7, 4"-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-O-(6"-acetyl)-glucoside (1), 3, 5, 7, 4'-tetra hydroxyflavanone-7-O-glucoside (2), 2', 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-6-prenyldihydroflavanone (3), 5, 7, 4'-trihysdroxy-6-prenylisoflavanone (4), 1, 3, 5, 6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (5), stilbene-2, 4, 3', 5'-tetraol (6).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was isolated from this genus, while compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Flavanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Moraceae ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Radix Cudramiae.

METHODThe oil was obtained by steam distillation. The chemical compositions were separated and identified by GC-MS. The relative contents in the oil were determined by area nomalization.

RESULTSixty-four compounds were obtained from Radix Cudramiae. The relative contents of twenty-three compounds were more than 1%. The highest relative content was L-linalool (9.852%).

CONCLUSIONSixty-four compounds characterized by GC-MS analysis were obtained from Radix Cudramiae for the first time.

1-Octanol ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Moraceae ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from cell suspension cultures of Cudrania tricuspidata with silica-gel column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC and Sephadex LH-20. On the base of their physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy4-(3, 3-dimethylallyl) xanthone (1), wighteone (2), 6-prenylapigenin (3), licoflavone C(4), cudraflavanone C(5), erythrivarone A (6), derrone (7), carthamidin (8), genistein (9) and aromadendrin (10). Among them, compounds 2-10 were flavonoids, and compound 1 was a xanthone which was isolated from the plant for the first time.
Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavanones ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; Genistein ; isolation & purification ; Moraceae ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC-DAD method for the determination of axifolin, naringenin, quercetin and kaempferol in Cudrania tricuspidata and C. cochinchinensis in order to provide a scientific reference for species identification and quality evaluation, by establishing.

METHODThe determination was performed by HPLC-DAD on an Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) by gradient elution (0-15 min, 35%-50% A; 15-30 min, 50% - 65% A) using methanol (A) and 0.1% phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 290 nm for taxifolin and naringenin, 365 nm for quercetin and kaempferol with column temperature at 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe content of axifolin and quercetin in the root of C. tricuspidata were remarkably higher than that in the root of C. cochinchinensis, and the content in stem of C. tricuspidata was also higher than that in the stem of C. cochinchinensis, the content of axifolin and quercetin was variable in different species. The content of naringenin and kaempferol in the root of C. cochinchinensis was visibly higher than that in the root of C. tricuspidata, and the content in the stems of the two herbs was similar, the content of naringenin and kaempferol was visibly variable in different medicinal parts of the herb, but similar between the two herbs.

CONCLUSIONThere's some difference of the content of the four ingredients in different medicinal parts and different herbs, so clinical use should not be confused.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Methanol ; Moraceae ; chemistry ; Organ Specificity ; Phosphoric Acids ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Reproducibility of Results ; Species Specificity

Cudrania tricuspidata is a deciduous tree belonging to the Moraceae plant, which has been widely used as a folk remedy or health supplements in the Asian countries including Korea. As far as we know, side effects from taking the extract of C. tricuspidata has not yet been reported. We reviewed the electronic medical records of 2 patients who had adverse drug reactions to C. tricuspidata. The first case was a 30-year-old woman without a specific medical history. She was admitted with a 2-week history of jaundice and dyspepsia after taking extract of C. tricuspidata for 3 days. Initial laboratory findings were as follows: aspartate aminotransferase, 364 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase, 574 IU/L; total bilirubin, 36.3 mg/dL; and direct bilirubin, 18.3 mg/dL. She was conservatively treated for liver and renal failure while awaiting liver transplantation. However, she was expired due to combined pneumonia and progressed hepatic and renal failure. The second case was a 42-year-old woman who has chronic urticaria without other medical history. She was admitted with a 3-month history of whole body rash with small pustular vesicle after taking extract of C. tricuspidata. She was treated with intravenous steroids and antihistamines. Skin lesions were improved after 1 week. Here, we report 2 cases of adverse drug reaction to C. tricuspidata. It should be considered that C. tricuspidata ingestion could cause severe adverse drug reactions such as liver failure and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* ; Dyspepsia ; Eating ; Electronic Health Records ; Exanthema ; Female ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Liver Transplantation ; Medicine, Traditional ; Moraceae* ; Plants ; Pneumonia ; Renal Insufficiency ; Skin ; Steroids ; Trees ; Urticaria

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The present study was performed to determine the effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Cudrania tricuspidata (EACT) on interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation. METHODS: Bone marrow cells were harvested from 6-week-old male imprinting control region mice, and the differentiation of osteoclasts from these cells was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and resorption pit formation assay. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated p38, phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, NF-kappaB (p65), IkappaBalpha, c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) expression was examined by immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: EACT inhibits IL-1beta-stimulated RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. EACT also inhibits IL-1beta-stimulated RANKL-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EACT may be involved in the inhibition of bone loss by preventing osteoclast formation and may be used to manage bone destruction in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
*Acetates ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects/physiology ; Cell Survival/drug effects/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation/drug effects ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/*pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; *Moraceae ; NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Osteoclasts/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism