OBJECTIVES: This  study  aims  to  determine  the  incidence of  complications  associated  with  ultrasound-guided percutaneous native renal biopsies.It also aims to determine  the  association  between  the  occurrence of  complications  and  the  following  factors,  if  present:age,  sex,  serum  creatinine,  platelet  count,  hemoglobin,hematocrit, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio (INR), history of hypertension or diabetes, pre-biopsy blood pressure, renal length, biopsy laterality, and number of needle passes.
METHODS: This  was  a  retrospective  multivariate  analysis research  done  in  a  tertiary  medical  specialty  center involving  all  patients  aged  19  years  and  older  who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous native kidney biopsy from July 2012 to June 2015. Data were gathered through a review of charts and electronic radiology and laboratory databases.
RESULTS: A  total  of  984  patients  were  included.Overall incidence of complications detected by routine post-biopsy ultrasound  was  51.7%,  with  only  1.0%  classified  as  major.Factors  shown  to  have  statistically  significant  association with the development of complications were female sex,higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, longer partial thromboplastin time, and shorter renal length by ultrasound.
CONCLUSION: Although there are no absolute contraindications to performing the procedure, and the decision to perform it rests on the clinician's judgment of whether the risks outweigh the benefits and on the patient's consent,following a nationwide protocol would help the clinician comprehensively assess whether the patient is a good candidate for the procedure, educate him or her on the potential complications, and address modifiable risk factors.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Creatinine ; International Normalized Ratio ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Hematocrit ; Prothrombin Time ; Kidney ; Hypertension ; Hemoglobins ; Diabetes Mellitus

Normal values and upper limits (95th percentile and 95% confidence interval of liver, spleen and portal vein size, as well as liver extensions below the costal margin were determined prospectively with ultrasound in 224 healthy subjects (renal donors). Correlation with sex, age, weight, height, and body surface area were assessed. Some correlation values were significant (r ? 0.30). The highest correlation (r=0.65 was liver AP diameter with weight. A formula to predict normal liver AP diameter was derived. Another set of subjects with established liver disease was compared with the normal means. All abnormal diameter means were at or above the 95th percentile, and the difference between the means of the normal and abnormal diameters were significant.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Liver ; Spleen ; Portal Vein ; Adult ; Veins ; Palpation ; Percussion ; Radiography