PURPOSE: This study was intended to integrate the evidence of intervention for child and adolescent perpetrators of school violence through an integrative literature review. METHODS: Using combinations of the terms ‘bullying’, ‘school violence’, and ‘intervention’ as key words, the researchers searched eight electronic databases for relevant studies. Fifteen studies were selected through full-text screening of related research published in academic journals before June 2018. The framework was used to identify the selected studies' intervention patterns and classify the various intervention components. The extracted intervention components were grouped into potential themes to determine whether the researchers clearly showed the interventions in the studies. RESULTS: The intervention components of 15 selected studies were categorized into five themes: 1) Utilizing intervention techniques for voluntary participation, 2) Enhancing self-awareness, 3) Strategies to improve emotional intelligence, 4) Promoting interpersonal skills, and 5) Emphasis on responsibility through future vision experience. CONCLUSION: As a result of analyzing interventions for children and adolescent perpetrators of school violence, five components were derived. It is suggested that these components should be considered in the field, and intervention programs development and research using them are needed.
Adolescent ; Bullying ; Child ; Emotional Intelligence ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Psychotherapy ; Social Skills ; Violence

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the level of chewing and swallowing function (CSF) and the factors related to CSF among elderly vendors in a conventional market. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between August 10 through September 8, 2020, using a self-reporting questionnaire to collect data. The study sample comprised 61 elderly vendors aged 65 years and over, from a conventional market at Jeju-si. CSF was measured using the Questionnaire for Chewing and Swallowing Function of the elderly, and depression was assessed by applying the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results: Chewing and swallowing dysfunctions were reported by 34.4% of elderly vendors. CSF was significantly associated with the current smoking status (β=0.39, P=0.001) and depression (β=0.33, P=0.006). Conclusion These results indicate that current smoker and depression are significant factors affecting CSF. The factors determined in this study may be used in community health programs for preventing and managing chewing and swallowing dysfunction among the elderly vendors in a conventional market.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the level of chewing and swallowing function (CSF) and the factors related to CSF among elderly vendors in a conventional market. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between August 10 through September 8, 2020, using a self-reporting questionnaire to collect data. The study sample comprised 61 elderly vendors aged 65 years and over, from a conventional market at Jeju-si. CSF was measured using the Questionnaire for Chewing and Swallowing Function of the elderly, and depression was assessed by applying the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results: Chewing and swallowing dysfunctions were reported by 34.4% of elderly vendors. CSF was significantly associated with the current smoking status (β=0.39, P=0.001) and depression (β=0.33, P=0.006). Conclusion These results indicate that current smoker and depression are significant factors affecting CSF. The factors determined in this study may be used in community health programs for preventing and managing chewing and swallowing dysfunction among the elderly vendors in a conventional market.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the correlation between LUTS and osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in the vendors working in a conventional market. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 vendors aged 40 and over from August 10th to September 8th, 2020, in a conventional market. Data were collected via the self-reported questionnaires. We assessed LUTS by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and OA symptoms by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: The mean age of 153 subjects was 61.31±9.92 years old. The mean score of IPSS and WOMAC was 5.37±5.68 (range, 0–35) and 16.89±19.61 (range, 0–96). Fifty-one percent of subjects had urinary incontinence at least monthly. Twenty-four point two percent of subjects had moderate-to-severe LUTS which were defined as a score of IPSS ≥8. LUTS were positively correlated with OA symptoms (r=0.41, P<0.001). Conclusions The results showed that LUTS were associated with OA symptoms, and it also emphasized the need for vendors to be provided with a health education program to manage and prevent their LUTS and OA symptoms.

Purpose: This study investigated hand-washing practice among community-dwelling older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aimed to identify the impact of COVID-19-related concerns and depression on hand-washing practice. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data extracted from the 2020 Community Health Survey. The primary data were collected through self-reporting from August 10 to September 8, 2020 in a cross-sectional study. The subjects consisted of 1,350 adults aged 65 or older living in J Province who participated in the 2020 Community Health Survey. Results: The factors affecting hand-washing practice among older adults were male gender (β = –.18, p < .001), age (β = –.07, p = .001), no education (β = –.20, p < .001) and elementary, middle, and high school graduation (β = –.15, p < .001) compared to a college or higher education, poor health perception (β = –.13, p < .001), COVID-19-related concerns (β = .08, p = .005), and depression (β = –.07, p = .001). To summarize, the factors negatively affecting hand-washing practice included male gender, lower education level, poor health perception, and depression, while the factors positively associated with hand-washing practice included COVID-19-related concerns. Conclusion These findings show the importance of considering these multifaceted determinants when designing targeted interventions and educational programs aimed at promoting hand-washing among older adults. Additionally, based on the relationship between hand-washing practice and COVID-19-related concerns and depression, interventions that can alleviate mental problems along with providing proper education are required.