PURPOSE: Hypotension after emergency endotracheal intubation (ETI) is one of the major complications from emergency airway management. The aim of this study was to determine the possible risk factors that may predict postintubation hypotension (PIH) and its impact on in-hospital mortality. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, standardized chart review of consecutive emergency department patients that required intubation between January 2011 and December 2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of PIH. PIH was defined as any recorded systolic blood pressure with less than 90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure with less than 65 mmHg within the 60-minute period after intubation. The outcome measures were inhospital mortality, as well as intensive care unit and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: The incidence of PIH was 23% (80 of 352 patients). Patients in the PIH group were slightly older and had more comorbid diseases than those in the non-PIH group. PIH patients had a significantly higher mortality rate (54% vs. 30%, p<0.01). PIH was a strong predictor for in-hospital mortality of intubated patients (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.4). CONCLUSION: Older age, lack of skill, history of hypertension, low albumin and pH, and elevated were risk factors for the occurrence of hypotension after ETI. Patients with PIH show increased risk of in-hospital mortality.
Airway Management ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the experience of the upper respiratory infection of the elite winter sports athletes and its effect on training and competition. METHODS: We conducted survey on elite athletes preparing for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. The general characteristics, training and competition loss due to upper respiratory infection were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the factors that influence on training loss due to upper respiratory infection. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 24.0. RESULTS: A total 65 players answered the questionnaire. Sixteen players (24.7%) reported that they got an upper respiratory infection more than three times a year. The month mainly affected by upper respiratory infection was September to November. Main symptom of upper respiratory infection was rhinorrhea mostly, followed by sore throat, cough, sputum. Six players (9.2%) answered that they were excluded from training more than three times due to upper respiratory infection for 1 year. Seven players (10.7%) answered that they were excluded from competition one time due to upper respiratory infection for 1 year. The factors that influence on training loss due to upper respiratory syndrome were the numbers of getting upper respiratory infection for 1 year and age. CONCLUSION: Elite winter athletes are vulnerable to upper respiratory and it has a bad effect on training and competition. So we need to take care of elite athletes' illness like upper respiratory infection.
Athletes ; Common Cold ; Cough ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; Sports Medicine ; Sports ; Sputum

Purpose: Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1 (LCD1) typically presents with linear lesions in the corneal stroma. We report an atypical case of a patient with LCD type 1, who exhibited granules and deep lines resembling granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) in one eye and maps and dots resembling epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD) in the contralateral eye.Case summary: A 22-year-old woman presented with progressive visual disturbances. Slit lamp examination revealed subepithelial granular opacities and linear lines in one eye and maps and dots in the other eye. Peripheral blood was collected, and genomic sequencing of transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBI) was performed to identify any mutations. The sequencing revealed a heterozygous Arg124Cys (R124C) mutation, which is diagnostic for LCD1. Serial examinations over the years indicated a spontaneous reduction in the granular deposits and an increase in the lattice component, illustrating the progression of the phenotypic traits associated with LCD. Conclusions Although the R124C mutation of TGFBI is known to be associated with LCD1, it can manifest clinical characteristics similar to GCD2 or EBMD in the early stages of the disease. Genetic testing is recommended for definitive diagnosis in cases of TGFBI-related corneal dystrophies.

Purpose: To report two cases of successful management of infectious corneal ulcer with temporary conjunctival flap.Case summary: Two patients with acute necrotic corneal ulcer with impending perforation were treated with conjunctival flap surgery, which was subsequently removed within 2 weeks. The inflammation subsided, the ulcer healed with mild to moderate corneal opacity, and the patients achieved improved visual acuity. Conclusions Temporary conjunctival flap can prevent corneal perforation and aid in accelerating wound healing in infectious corneal ulcer and may be an effective therapeutic alternative.

PURPOSE: To compare the treatment effects of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and conservative management in treatment of recurrent corneal erosion. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes that received Nd:YAG laser treatment and 24 eyes that underwent conservative management including hyperosmotic agent were retrospectively reviewed for the rate and frequency of recurrence, presentation, time to recurrence, final visual acuity and complications. RESULTS: The rate of recurrence in eyes treated with Nd:YAG laser was 56.5% and that in eyes with conservative management was 50.0%. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.654). However, 10 of 12 eyes that recurred after conservative treatment presented with macroform erosion at the time of recurrence, whereas 5 of 13 eyes that recurred after Nd:YAG laser had an accompanying epithelial defect (p = 0.041). After the Nd:YAG laser treatment or conservative treatment, 64.1% and 60.5% of the eyes, respectively, remained free from recurrence 1 year after treatment, however the success rate decreased over time (p = 0.649). The final visual acuity in the group that received Nd;YAG laser treatment was 0.05 +/- 0.06 log MAR and 0.09 +/- 0.08 log MAR (p = 0.649) in the group that received conservative management. None of the patients in either group experienced complications of corneal scarring. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the recurrence rates between Nd:YAG laser treatment and conservative treatment were not statistically different, however, the severity of recurred episodes were milder in the eyes that received Nd:YAG laser treatment.
Cicatrix ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Beekeeping ; Bees ; Diagnosis ; DNA, Complementary ; Methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; RNA, Viral ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Fast and accurate detection of viral RNA pathogens is important in apiculture. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method has been developed, which is simple, specific, and sensitive. In this study, we rapidly (in 1 min) synthesized cDNA from the RNA of deformed wing virus (DWV)-infected bees (Apis mellifera), and then, within 10 min, amplified the target cDNA by ultra-rapid qPCR. The PCR products were hybridized to a DNA-chip for confirmation of target gene specificity. The results of this study suggest that our method might be a useful tool for detecting DWV, as well as for the diagnosis of RNA virus-mediated diseases on-site.

Fast and accurate detection of viral RNA pathogens is important in apiculture. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method has been developed, which is simple, specific, and sensitive. In this study, we rapidly (in 1 min) synthesized cDNA from the RNA of deformed wing virus (DWV)-infected bees (Apis mellifera), and then, within 10 min, amplified the target cDNA by ultra-rapid qPCR. The PCR products were hybridized to a DNA-chip for confirmation of target gene specificity. The results of this study suggest that our method might be a useful tool for detecting DWV, as well as for the diagnosis of RNA virus-mediated diseases on-site.

PURPOSE: Our study provides epidemiologic data on the prevalence of refractive errors in all age group ≥5 years in Korea. METHODS: In 2008 to 2012, a total of 33,355 participants aged ≥5 years underwent ophthalmologic examinations. Using the right eye, myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) less than -0.5 or -1.0 diopters (D) in subjects aged 19 years and older or as an SE less than -0.75 or -1.25 D in subjects aged 5 to 18 years according to non-cycloplegic refraction. Other refractive errors were defined as follows: high myopia as an SE less than -6.0 D; hyperopia as an SE larger than +0.5 D; and astigmatism as a cylindrical error less than -1.0 D. The prevalence and risk factors of myopia were evaluated. RESULTS: Prevalence rates with a 95% confidence interval were determined for myopia (SE <-0.5 D, 51.9% [51.2 to 52.7]; SE <-1.0 D, 39.6% [38.8 to 40.3]), high myopia (5.0% [4.7 to 5.3]), hyperopia (13.4% [12.9 to 13.9]), and astigmatism (31.2% [30.5 to 32.0]). The prevalence of myopia demonstrated a nonlinear distribution with the highest peak between the ages of 19 and 29 years. The prevalence of hyperopia decreased with age in subjects aged 39 years or younger and then increased with age in subjects aged 40 years or older. The prevalence of astigmatism gradually increased with age. Education was associated with all refractive errors; myopia was more prevalent and hyperopia and astigmatism were less prevalent in the highly educated groups. CONCLUSIONS: In young generations, the prevalence of myopia in Korea was much higher compared to the white or black populations in Western countries and is consistent with the high prevalence found in most other Asian countries. The overall prevalence of hyperopia was much lower compared to that of the white Western population. Age and education level were significant predictive factors associated with all kinds of refractive errors.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Refractive Errors/*epidemiology/physiopathology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Visual Acuity/*physiology ; Young Adult

Purpose: To evaluate visual performance after bilateral implantation of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: This multicenter, prospective, observational study included 100 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with a toric or non-toric EDOF IOL (Tecnis Symfony), and 96 patients completed the final assessment at 4 to 6 months. Binocular corrected distance visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), spectacle independence, visual symptoms, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Mean decimal visual acuity results showed a binocular corrected distance visual acuity of 1.10 ± 0.18, UDVA of 1.04 ± 0.17, UIVA of 0.96 ± 0.16, and UNVA of 0.68 ± 0.18. Binocular UDVA and UIVA were 0.8 (decimal) or better in 98% and 94% of patients, respectively. Binocular UNVA was 0.63 (decimal) or better in 76% of patients. Overall, 76% of the patients achieved spectacle independence across all distances, and more than 85% reported no or mild dysphotoptic phenomena. On a scale of 0 to 10, the median patient satisfaction score was 9 for far, 9.5 for intermediate, and 8 for near vision. Conclusions The Symfony EDOF IOL provided excellent distance, intermediate visual outcome, and functional near visual acuity. The visual results were associated with prominent levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction.