1. Partial nephrectomy was done on 7 cases of various renal diseases including 5 cases of renal tuberculosis, 1 case of renal stone and l case of focal nephritis.Satisfactory results were noted in 5 cases of them. while in other 2 cases secondary nephrectomy was indicated because of severe postoperative shock and profuse hematuria. 2. Through the clinical experiences on the partial nephrectomy, it is believed that the method of choice in effective hemostasis during the operation should be included (a) the blunt division of renal parenchyma using scalpel han8e, (b) accurate ligation of the parenchymal vessels found during the division and (c) suture of the arcuate vessels at the corticomedullary junction under the aid of renal arterial clamping. On the other hand, tense and deep mattress suture to get indirect hemostasis is considered to be inadequate and unfavorable for the method having brought parenchymal necrosis and profuse delayed hemorrhage in a few instances. 3. Duration of renal arterial clamping using Bulldog clamp ranged about 30 minutes or so, and no definite renalinjury followed after the procedure.
Constriction ; Hand ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis* ; Ligation ; Necrosis ; Nephrectomy* ; Shock ; Sutures ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Tuberculosis, Renal

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Liposarcoma* ; Neck*

The object of treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (L.C.P.D.) is to shorten the clinical course and minimize, or prevent residual deformity, This is accomplished by placing the femoral head deeply within the acetabulum, so that its articular surface is completely contained and maintaining a full range of motion, thereby preventing lateral extrusion of head, concentrated vertical loads and collapse. The purpose of this study was to determine the predicting value of prognosis and correlation of three different evaluating methods, when examining an identical series of radiographs to assess the effect of treatments, and to determine whether the result obtained by femoral osteotomy gave better result than those by non-surgical means. During the past ten years prior to writing, 89 patients with L.C.P.D. were treated by authors. Seventy eight (87.6%) patients were boys and 11 (12.4%) girls. Their ages at the time of initial visit ranged from 2 to 13 years. Twelve (13.5%) patients had bilateral and 77 had unilateral involvement for a total of 101 hips. They were analysed according to Catteralls classification, and also comparative study was done for 32 patients who were followed up over 15 months. The longest follow-up was 5 years and 2 months. They were divided into 2 groups: clildren in group A were treated by rest and abduction brace,. followed over 3 years and 3 months in average, and children in group B were treated, by intertro-chanteric osteotomy, followed over 2 years and 6 months in average. End results for 32 cases were evaluated at each follow-up time by Length/Width Index (L/W.I.) of femoral neck (Robichon, 1974), Migration Index (M.I.) and Spherical quotient (S.Q.) of capital femoral epiphysis (Edsberg et al, 1979). L/W.I.,M.I, S.Q. were used not only as the method of evaluation, but also were used as a predicting the prospective clinical course during the treatment by regular measurement whether it takes the good course or not. Results obtained were as follows: 1. 21(20.8%) were classified as group I, 30(29.7%) as group Il. 31(30.7%) as group III and 19 (18.8%) as group IV. 43 children (42.6%) on their initial visit were found to have this diasbling hip condition at stage II (necrosis and early fragmentation stage). 2. Regardless of the type of treatment, good results were obtained in younger children under age of 7 years, and in mild form as in group I, and lI. Also good, results were obtained in the cases who had treatment at early stage of the disease. No difference was found in the end results between girls and boys when they had same degree of head involvement. 3. In 14 surgically-treated patients, the good results were obtained in 9(64.3%) when assessed by L/W I. 10(75.4%) by M.I., and 7(50%) by S.Q., while in 18 conservatively treated patients good results were obtained in 8(44.4%) when assessed by L/W I. in 6(33.3%) by M.I., and 7(38.7%) by S.Q.. This fact means that S.Q. under-estimates the results of well-treated cases, while M.I. seemingly over-estimates them. 4. when X-rays of the hips were taken in different position's, different L/W Indices were unexpectedly obtained; these deviations in assessment may be listed as a drawback. Migration Index can prognosticate the healing process of the disease during treatment, if the index together with medial joint space is measured repeatedly with certain intervals. Also it is difficult to obtain accurately the S. Q. by measurements because of difficulty locating the center of fragmentary head, but it is considered the best method assessing the end-result at the healed stage. S.Q. expresses the head spherocity, while the M. I. expresses the degree of head coverage and the neck L/W.I. expresses the indirectly amount of neck deformity. 5. When the clinical course is assessed by three evaluating methods, occasionally these three results contradict to each other and do not show similar prognostic tendency or trend. The reason is that neck L/W Index and Spherical quotient indicate directly the progress of the disease while Migration Inex receases only the state of femoral head containment and there by indirectly indicates ensuing prospective course when containment is good, and do not indicate the state of severity of the involved head. 6. In this study, the result of surgically treated patients were superior to those of conservatively treated patients.
Acetabulum ; Braces ; Child ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Containment of Biohazards ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Methods ; Neck ; Osteotomy ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Writing

The present study was intended to examine the effect of sodium vanadate on contractility of vascular smooth muscle. Aortic ring preparations were made from the rabbit thoracic aorta and endothelial cells were removed from the ring. The contractility of the aortic ring was measured under various conditions. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Sodium vanadate induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle in a dose-dependent fashion. 2) The contractile effects were not blocked by treatments with adrenergic blocking agent(phentolamine) and indomethacin, indicating the direct action of the drug on vascular smooth muscle. 3) In the presence of ouabain, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, sodium vanadate still increased the contractility of vascular smooth muscle. 4) Treatment with 4.4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2.2'-disulfonic acid(DIDS) blocked completely the contractile effects of sodium vanadate. 5) In the presence of verapamil, lanthanum and ryanodine, the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle by sodium vanadate was decreased. From the above results. it was suggested that sodium vanadate acts directly on vascular smooth muscle and causes contraction. It was probably due to inhibition of Ca(++)-ATPase in plasma membrane as well as increasing the release of Ca(++) from sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca(++) influx across the plasma membrane, but not inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Cell Membrane ; Endothelial Cells ; Indomethacin ; Lanthanum ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Ouabain ; Ryanodine ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sodium* ; Vanadates* ; Verapamil

OBJECTIVES: The percentage of positional sleep apnea in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) varies in different reports from 9% to 60%. If there is a positional dependency in patients with OSA, positional therapy alone could be successful in treating about 50% of all OSA cases. The aim of this report is to compare anthropomorphic and polysomnographic data between the positional sleep apnea group and non-positional sleep apnea group with OSA whose conditions were diagnosed in our sleep clinic. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of anthropomorphic and polysomnographic data of patients with OSA who was performed a nocturnal polysomnography. Positional sleep apnea was defined as having a supine apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of twice or more compared to the AHI in the non-supine position. The patients were divided in the positional sleep apnea group and the non-positional sleep apnea group. RESULTS: In 101 patients with OSA, 81 were male, and the mean age was 49.2+/-11.9 years. Seventy-six (75.2%) were diagnosed as the positional sleep apnea. Waist to hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in non-positional sleep apnea group. The frequency of severe OSA was significantly higher in this group. In the positional sleep apnea group, nocturnal sleep quality was better preserved, and consequently these patients were less sleepy during daytime. AHI was significantly lower and minimal arterial oxygen saturation during sleep was significantly higher in this group. CONCLUSION: The percentage of positional sleep apnea in OSA was 75.2%. AHI, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were lower in the positional sleep apnea group. These patients have less severe breathing abnormalities than the non-positional sleep apnea group in polysomnography.
Body Mass Index ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography ; Respiration ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Waist-Hip Ratio

Caffeine has been known to induce the contraction of rabbit aortic ring resulting from Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores. But in contrast, contraction of aortic ring induced by depolarizing agents or agonist was reported to be suppressed by caffeine. The present study was intended to examine the effect of caffeine on Ca2+ movement across the plasma membrane and actomyosin ATPase activity of vascular smooth muscle to elucidate the modes of action of caffeine on the vascular smooth muscle. Aortic ring preparation were made from the rabbit thoracic aorta and the endothelial cells were removed from the ring by gentle rubbing. The contractilty of the aortic ring was measured under varying conditions, and Ca2+ influx across the membranes of the aortic ring was measured with Ca2+ sensitive electrode with and without caffeine and the effect of caffeine on actomyosin ATPase activity were measured by modified Hartshrone's method. 45Ca wash out curves with and without caffeine were studied by Richard's method. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Caffeine inhibited the contractilty induced by norepinephrine. high K+, and histamine. but caffeine alone induced a transient contraction of vascular smooth muscle. The caffeine induced contraction was demonstrable even in the absence of external Ca2+. 2) Caffeine increased 45Ca efflux from vascular smooth muscle. 3) In the presence of propranolol, the inhibitory effect of caffeine on epinephrine induced contraction still persisted. 4) Caffeine decreased norepinephrine induced Ca2+ influx through the plasma membranes of aortic ring. 5) Caffeine decreased the actomyosin ATPase activity of vascular smooth muscle. From the above results, it is suggested that caffeine induces the contraction of vascular smooth muscle by release of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stone, but inhibits drug-induced contraction by decrease of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membranes and a decreased Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile protein in vascular smooth muscle.
Actomyosin* ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Caffeine* ; Cell Membrane ; Electrodes ; Endothelial Cells ; Epinephrine ; Histamine ; Membranes ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Myosins* ; Norepinephrine ; Propranolol

OBJECTIVES: The Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) has been used to help identify patients at high risk of having sleep apnea in primary care. But it has not been validated in a sleep clinic for Korean patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the BQ as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for Korean patients in a sleep clinic. METHODS: The BQ was prospectively applied to 121 subjects with OSA suspicion who visited to our sleep clinic. All subjects performed overnight polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or =5. We investigated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the BQ according to severity by AHI. RESULTS: In 121 subjects, 73.6% were males, with a mean age of 48.8+/-13.0 years. Twenty-five (20.6%) patients did not have OSA (AHI<5), 30 (25%) patients had mild OSA (AHI> or =5 and <15), 26 (21.4%) had moderate (AHI> or =15 and <30), and 40 (33%) had severe OSA (AHI> or =30). The BQ identified 69.4% of the patients as being at high risk for having OSA. The sensitivity and specificity of the BQ were 71.9% and 40%, for AHI> or =5, 75.8% and 38.2% for AHI> or =15, 77.5% and 34.6% for AHI> or =30, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the BQ were 82.1% and 27.0% for AHI> or =5, respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.2 and 0.7, and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the BQ was 65.3%, using an AHI cut-off of 5. CONCLUSION: Due to modest sensitivity and low specificity, the BQ does not seem to be an appropriate tool for identifying patients with obstructive sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population.
Berlin ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Polysomnography ; Primary Health Care ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

The majority of cystic lesions of the pancreas are psudocysts and a small fraction neoplastic. Failure to recognize the true nature of neoplastic cyst will lead to an incorrct treatment strategy. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and angiography were used to distingish these lesions, but diagnostic value of ERCP is in controversy. To evaluate the diagnostic value of ERCP in cystic lesions of the pancreas, we analysed 33 cases of pancreatic cystic lesions (pseudocyst 18 cases, retention cyst 3 cases and cystic, neoplasm l2 cases) between Apr. 1985 and June 1993. In 18 cases of pseudocysts, ERP findings were communication with cyst in 8 cases (44.4%), chronic pancreatitis in 8 cases (44.4%), obstruction in 4 cases (22.2%) and displscement of pancreatic duct in 2 cases (11.1%), and ERC findings, which were perfomed in 8 cases, showed cholangitis in 3 cases (37.5%), CBD stone in 2 cases (25%), mass effect in 1 case (12.5%) and normal in 2 cases (25%). There was no communication with the cyst and pancreatic duct, except two mucinous ductal ectasia, in 12 cases of cystic neoplasms, and the other findings were displacement of pancreatic duct in 4 cases (33.3%), obstruction in 2 cases (16.7%) and normal in 4 cases (33.3%). ERC findings of cystic neoplasm were almost normal (85.7%) except 1 case of cholangitis. In conclusion, ERCP findings of pseudocysts were communication with pancreatic duct, chronic pancreatitis and biliary tract abnormality. In contrast, ERCP findings of cystic neoplasms were displacement or obstruction of pancreatic duct without communication and chronic pancreatitis, and biliary tract abnormality were rare.
Angiography ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Cholangitis ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Mucins ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Cyst* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Ultrasonography

In order to evaluate the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the central and autonomic nervous system, the brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and the electrocardiographic R-R interval variability (CV(rr)) were measured in three groups of workers (11) working in TCE degreasing process, workers (4) exposed to lead and two groups of workers (12) not exposed to any kinds of neurotoxicants. Two components of the CVrr reflecting parasympathetic activity (C-CV(rsa)) and sympathetic and parasympathetic activities (CCV(mwsa)) were examined. The TCE workers were exposed to TCE at the level of less than 1 hour per week while the degreasing material was changed. There were no differences in the latencies of BAEPS and CV(rr) and the components of the CV(rr) between control and TCE and lead groups. However, two lead workers had the blood lead level of less than 60 g/dl recommended as present biological guideline by the Ministry of Labor, showed the delayed latencies of V5 and I-V in BAEP. This results suggested that intermittent TCE erposure didn't affect the auditory nervous pathway and the autonomic nervous system, however, lead exposure might affect the central nervous system at the level of less than 60 g/dl in blood lead.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Electrocardiography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Trichloroethylene*

Candida Albicans is a saprophytic organism under normal circumstances and a limited pathogen when presents in large numbers. The common site of infection are the mouth, skin, vagina and respiratory tract. It is a common inhabitant of the G-I tract, where it does not usually cause symptoms. With impared defense mechanism or long-term antibiotic therapy, however it can became a significant pathogen. The clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings present a spectrum of changes depending on the degree of esophageal involvement. Painful awallowing and substernal chest pain are most common symptoms. Esophgeal infection is an unusual but impartant form of the diseases and can easily be confirmed by esophagoscopy. Recently we have experienced 4 cases of esophageal moniliasis confirmed by esophagoscopy and tissue biopay.
Candida albicans ; Candidiasis* ; Chest Pain ; Esophagoscopy* ; Mouth ; Respiratory System ; Skin ; Vagina