The accepted radiographic method to determine cervical spinal stenosis is the direct measurement of the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal on the routine lateral view of the cervical spine. The reported normal and abnormal values for this measurement are inconsistent because of various methods of obtaining the roentgenograms and different body types which affect the size of the X-ray image. According to Pavlow, the ratio method of determining crevical spinal stenosis, in which the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal is divided by the sagittal diameter of the corresponding vertebral body, is independent of technical factor variables and is a reliable method for determining cervical spinal stenosis. In order to determine the Pavlov's ratio of normal Koreans, and compare it with that of radiculopathic group, we measured the diameter of cervicl canal in 47 normal persons(28 male, 19 female), and 32 patients( 9 male, 23 female) who had transient tingling sensation and radiculopathic symtom from the second to fifth decades. The results were as follows :1) The average Pavlov's ratio from C3 to C7 in normal Korean men are 0.906(0.70–1.13), 0.899 (0.070–1.13),0.948(0.70–1.67) and 0.948(0.67–1.17), respectively, and those of normal Korean women are 0.977(0.83–1.15), 1.021(0.83–1.13), 1.014(0.84–1.33) and 1.055(0.88–1.18), respectively. 2) The average Pavlov's ratio from C3 to C7 in radiculopathic Korean men are 0.88(0.65–1.12), 0.90(0.68–1.12), 0.95(0.79–1.12) and 0.95(0.78–1.06), respectively, and those of radiculopathic Korean women are 0.902(0.70–1.27), 0.905(0.69–1.27), 0.939(0.70–1.33) and 0.931(0.70–1. 18), respectively. 3) There are not statistically differences of the Pavlov's ratio between the control group and the radiculopathic group. 4) We believe that the Pavlov's ratio is an effective method in detection of cervical stenosis and is able to eliminate technical factor such as body position, target and object-to-film distanc.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Sensation ; Somatotypes ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Retreatment* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that can lead to deterioration in the social and occupational functioning of affected individuals with a major cost to society. A wide range of studies suggest a genetic component to the inheritance of schizophrenia. The molecular genetic studies on schizophrenia have been actively performed since late 1980s. In linkage studies, no loci were replicated across studies and there were no loci surpassing genome-wide significance. Candidate gene association studies showed generally inconsistent results and there were no enrichment of smaller P-values. In the GWAS era, the community has coalesced into large international consortia. The largest schizophrenia GWAS to date is 50,000 samples and efforts are ongoing to accumulate 50,000 cases and 50,000 controls as part of 'PGC2' collaboration. With the limitation of GWAS results, several alternatives are being explored. In genotyping, the concepts of allelic spectrum including from common polygenic to rare penetrant variation are emerging. Phenotypes include all phenomena beyond DNA. The developments in transcriptomic & proteomic approach and intensive research on endophenotype will bring crucial insights into the nature of schizophrenia in the future. But there still remains our task about research on many factors including environment that influence gene expression (epigenetics), age, and gender.
Cooperative Behavior ; DNA ; Endophenotypes ; Epigenomics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Association Studies ; Molecular Biology ; Phenotype ; Schizophrenia ; Wills

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and the eating behaviors in obese high school girls. The sample consisted of 262 obese high school girls in Seoul and Kangwon-Do. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC- Internal; 4.06, HLOC-External; 2.47, and HLOC-Chance; 2.15. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.91, Hunger ; 2.73, Dietary Restraint ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC- Chance and hunger was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and other eating behavior factors (dietary restraint & disinhibition) were not correlated in the level of statistical significances. The HLOC-External and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the existence of an obese sibling. There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC- External depending on the evaluation of one's body figure. 5. There were significant differences in disinhibition and hunger depending on the existence of obese sibling. Also, there were significant difference in dietary restraint according to self perception of who is obese or not (t=3.342, p=.001). This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.
Eating* ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Hunger ; Internal-External Control* ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Siblings

No abstract available.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of lung are rare carcinoma arising from the submucosal glands tissue of the proximal tracheobronchial tree. The carcinoma can be divided into low grade and high grade varienties. The most important factors in the prognosis include histological grading and the ability to achieve a complete surgical resection. We experienced a case of high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in pulmonary tuberculosis patient of 67 years old male who has been suffered from left chest pain for several weeks. He was not treated and died seventeen months later.
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid* ; Chest Pain ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Prognosis ; Trees ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*