The result of clinical survey of seventy-five children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus is presented. Sixty-eight fractures had gross displacement, and seven were undisplaced ones. Seven children with undisplaced fractures were treated with simple splinting. Twenty-one fractures with gross displacement were closedly reduced and immobilized by cast. Twenty cases treated with over-head skin traction or skeletal traction, and followed by cast immobilization, and twenty-seven were operatively reduced and were fixed with 2 K-wires. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average age of children was 6.8 years, and the male and female ratio was 2.1:l. 2. 97.1% (66 cases) was the extension type and 2.9% (2 cases) was the flexion type. 3. Good end results were obtained in the well-reduced groups, such as undisplaced fractures and surgically reduced fractures. Of 27 operated cases, 19 who had early operation without manipulative trial or traction, had excellent results, while 8 who had surgery in delay developed limitation of flexion and/or extension motion of the elbow. Of these 19, two cases developed mild extension limitation as sequella. 4. As complications, incomplete ulnar nerve palsy developed in one case, but it spontaneously recovered in 3 weeks after open reduction. During treatment utilizing the olecranon pin traction, pin tract infection developed in 2 cases, but the infection was controlled by the antibiotic administration and wound dressing. Severe cubitus varus deformity developed in 4 cases among the conservatively treated group (manipulatively reduced group and skeletal traction group). These 4 children had corrective osteotomy. Mild deformity was the inevitable one when it is treated conservatively. Limitation of elbow motion developed in 23 cases (32%) as a sequella. 5. Fracture healed mostly in three weeks after reduction and immobilization. Average hospital stay for conservatively treated patients was 17.2 days, whereas that for surgically treated patients was 5.8 days in average. 6. Early anatomical reduction by any means whether it is surgical or nonsurgical, proved to be only the methods which bring the satisfactory results, and minimize the sequellae.
Bandages ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Olecranon Process ; Osteotomy ; Skin ; Splints ; Traction ; Ulnar Neuropathies ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.

Freys syndrome is characterized by attacks of facial erythema and gustatory sweating occurring in the cutaneous distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve. After sugery, trauma, abscess, or other diseases of the parotid gland, the postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers are disrupted. Some misdirected auriculotemporal nerve fibrils join with the distal sympathetic nerves innervating the sweat glands and subcutaneous vessels. We report a case of Freys sindrome in a 6-year old boy without any definite injury to the parotid gland. After considering our case and review of literature of Freys syndrome in children, we conclude that there may be a congenital defect in the auriculotemporal nerve innervation responsible for cases occuring in children.
Abscess ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Erythema ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Parotid Gland ; Sweat Glands ; Sweating, Gustatory

No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*

During the course of infectious mononucleosis, intake of ampicillin and its analogues such as amoxicillin may cause hypersensitivity skin rashes. We report herein a case of ampicillin induced skin rash in a 41-year-old female patient with infectious mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis was confirrned by datetion of IgM antibody against Epstein-Barr(EB) viral capsid antigen(VCA) in her serum. During the icuteillness, she taked ampicillin for 3 days, and 1 week after the intake of ampicillin, a genertliz:d erythernatous and purpuric maculopapualr eruption developed. Physicians should be careful not to use ampicillin and its analogue if batients are suspected to be infected with EB virus as ampicillin induces severe skin rashes in patients with infectious mononucleosis.
Adult ; Amoxicillin ; Ampicillin* ; Capsid ; Exanthema* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infectious Mononucleosis* ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify human papilloma virus(HPV) infection in cervical lesions by using polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization(PCR-ISH) and to compare the results of PCR-ISH with conventional in situ hybridization(ISH) METHODS: Forty-seven randomly chosen neutral-buffered formalhyde-fixed cervical biopsies in which cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer had been diagnosed were tested for HPV DNA by PCR-ISH and ISH. The method of PCR-ISH includes deparaffinization of specimens, PCR amplification of DNA, in situ hybridization and detection of amplified products. RESULTS: The positivity rate of ISH was 36% for all biopsies and 26%, 40% for CIN and invasive cancer respectively. By using PCR-ISH the positivity was 80%, 84% respectively. All PCR-ISH positive cases were ISH positive and no ISH positive was PCR-ISH negative. CONCLUSION: In our study HPV DNA, undetectable by standard in situ hybridization, was detectable by PCR in situ hybridization. Our study shows that PCR in situ hybridization is highly sensitive method for detection of HPV in cervical neoplastic specimens with morphological evidence.
Adenomyosis ; Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; DNA ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Papilloma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.

Clinical observation was made on 131 cases of the unstable spine injury treated at the Orthopedic Surgery Department of Busan National University Hospital during the period from January 1974 to December 1981. The results obtained were as follows: 1. More than two-thirds of patients were between the age of 20 and 40, and the proportion of males to females showed a ratio of 5.9 to 1. The most common cause of injury was falling at an industrial area, rating 64.1% of all cases. 2. Fracture level was observed 31.3% in the first lumbar level, 24.4% in the twelfth thoracic vertebra, and 67.9% between the twelfth thoracic vertebra and the second lumbar vertebra. 3. Mechanisms of injury were 44.3% by pure flexion, 26.7% by flexion and rotation, 15.3% by direct shearing force, and 13.7% by vertical compression. 4. The fracture with lower extremity paralysis was due to the rotational fracture dislocation, which comprised 66% of all. 5. Kyphosis increased to the average of 10.6 degree in the case of decompressive laminectomy and of 3.4 degree in the case of spinal fusion. 6. The anatomical alignment and a definite stability could be obtained by the use of Harringtons rod in the cases of the unstable thoracolumbar fracture and fracture-dislocation. In 3 cases of all, we could get satisfactory results 1 month after the day injury occured. 7. In case of complete paralysis of lower extremity, it was found only 9.4% showed partial recovery, neurologically, and 61.9% of the patients with incomplete paralysis were also partly recovered. 8. The most common complication was urinary tract infection, which comprised 83% of the cases. With the use of intermittent urinary catheterization, the voiding reflex recovered within 4 months in most cases.
Accidental Falls ; Busan ; Dislocations ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Laminectomy ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis ; Reflex ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: One of the most, probable pathogenesis of vitiliga is autoimmune. Systemic cor tico st,eroids suppress immunity and may arrest the progression of vitiligo and lead to repigmentation. OBJECTIVE: We have assessed the clinical effect of a oral small oral dose of corticosteroid to minimize side effects in vitiligo patients. METHODS: Thirty four patients(9;male, 25;female) with vitiligo were evaluated in this study. The patients took 7.5mg-20mg prednisolone initially for 2 months and then the dosage was tapered to half of the initial dosiat the 3rd month and half of dose of 3rd month for the last 4th month. We compared the effcct of treatment of vitiligo before and aft.er the study by photographs. and side efferts were issessed at. 1, 2, 3 and 4 month. RESULTS: The arrest of the progression of vitiligo was noticed in 79% of patients and repigmentation was noticed in 59% of patients which is statistically significant. The effect, of treatment according to extent, duiation, type, and site of vitiligo were not statistically significant. The side effects of treatment were minimal and did not affect the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: Small doses of iral corticosteroids are effective without any significant side effects in preventing progression and loiiduce repigmentation of active spreading vitiligo and generalized type of vitiligo that is difficult to treat with topical corticosteroids.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Humans ; Prednisolone ; Vitiligo*

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentanoic acid(EPA), induces relaxation in vessels from various animal models as cardiovascular protective nutrients. In vivo study was undertaken to investigate the potential therapeutic application of EPA to resolve vasospasm. METHODS: The basilar artery was visualized using transclival exposure, and its diameter monitored using videomicroscopy. Rabbits were divided randomly into seven groups:1) normal rabbits basilar artery treated with topical application of 100nM/L EPA only;2) normal rabbits basilar artery treated with 20nM/L phorbol dibutyrate(PDB), then 20 nM/L PDB+100nM/L EPA;3) normal rabbits basilar artery treated with 80mM/L KCL, then 80mM/L KCL+100nM/L EPA;4) normal rabbits basilar artery treated with 20nM/L endothelin 1(ET-1) only;5) normal rabbits basilar artery treated with 20nM/L ET-1, then 20nM/L ET-1+100nM/L EPA;6) subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) rabbits basilar artery treated with artificial CSF only;7) SAH rabbits basilar artery treated with 100nM/L EPA. RESULTS: In normal(non-SAH) rabbits, EPA:1) had no effect on basal tone;2) did not reverse KCL or PDB-induced constriction;and 3) substantially reversed ET-1-induced constriction. The diameter of normal rabbit basilar artery was 779.1+/-17.9nm(mean+/-standard error). After SAH, the mean diameter was 521.0+/-32.5nm. The addition of EPA reversed this SAH-induced constriction to 80.4% of baseline diameter. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EPA induces relaxation in cerebrovascular arteries constricted with ET-1, and that it prevents and partially reverses SAH-induced vasoconstriction.
Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Constriction ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid* ; Endothelins ; Microscopy, Video ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Spasm* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasoconstriction