Excitatory amino acids have been implicated as one of the important putative cellular toxins in ischemic brain. Ketamine antagonizes the excitotoxic action of excitatory amino acids in the central nervous system. The present study was undertaken to determine whether ketamine anesthesia protect the formation of brain edema in the model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300gm and 400gm were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with either halothane or ketamine, and then right middle cerebral artery occlusion were performed. After 4 hours of ischemia, the brain water and ion contents(Na+ and K+) were determined in the central, intermediate, and outer zones of each cortical mantle. In both halothane and ketamine anesthetized groups, there were significant brain edema in the ischemic central and intermediate zones. Ionic shifts were also observed in the ischemic central and intermediate zones to approximately same extent as the brain water content in both groups. However, there were no significant differences of brain edema between the two groups in the corresponding ischemic zones. These results suggest that ketamine anesthesia does not have significant protective effect on the formation of brain edema during the early stages of permanent incomplete cerebral ischemia.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; Halothane ; Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Ischemia* ; Ketamine* ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

True cysts of the pancreas are rare, and enterogeous (duplication) cysts are extremely rare. We describe a case of enterogenous cyst of the pancreas located in the retroperitoneum, in which homogenous low attenua-tion, multiloculation, internal septation and cyst wall calcification were noted.
Pancreas*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the mid-term results of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) using Summit® stems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight arthroplasties in 121 patients who were performed THA from December 2004 to March 2013, were reviewed retrospectively a minimum of 4 years follow-up (mean age, 60.3 years; mean postoperative follow up period, 86.3 months). For a clinical evaluation, the Harris hip score (HHS) was used to assess outcome. Radiographic evaluation was done through spot welds, subsidence, stress shielding, canal filling. RESULTS: The mean HHS was 69.8 points preoperatively, and it improved significantly to 96.3 points at the final follow-up. Postoperatively, 10 patients experienced thigh pain and 7 patients showed a moderate limping gait. There was not only early stem subsidence but there was no more subsidence at last follow up. One hundred eighteen hips showed radiographic signs of stem bone ingrowth, and 10 hips showed fibrous ingrowth at the last follow-up. Stress shielding occurred in 85 hips and third degree stress shielding was observed in 6 hips. Complication arose in 10 hips due to dislocation. Although revisions due to recurrent dislocations led to acetabular component revision in one hip, no revisions arose due to isolated aseptic loosening of the femoral component. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiological mid-term results of primary THA using Summit® stems revealed solid initial fixation and bone ingrowth stable fixation. Considering the satisfactory clinical results, Summit® stems may be a good treatment option in Korean patients who were required hip arthroplasty
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Dislocations ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gait ; Hip ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Pheochromocytoma* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand sexual behavior of college students and to provide basic resources for a counseling program and sexual health education program by identifying general tendency of sexual behavior and analyzing demographic and environmental variables that affect sexual behaviors. METHODS: To identify sexual behaviors according to demographic and environmental variables of college students, t-test and one way ANOVA were done using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify the effects of demographic and environmental variables upon sexual behaviors. RESULTS: As to sexual behaviors, male students, upper grade students, engineering division students, students with higher economic status, students with opposite gender friends, and students with experience in receiving obscene materials were more vulnerable to sexual behavior. As to demographic and environmental variables, they explained 25% of variances in 'sexual behavior'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that development of mental health nursing strategies for university students are required for effective sexual counseling on sound relationships and sexual health matters.
Counseling ; Education ; Erotica ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior*

PURPOSE: This study investigates nurses' organizational commitment, internal marketing, and occupational satisfaction depending on their age, martial status, clinical experience and income. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 350 nurses from six hospitals in Jeolla-do. The t-tests were used to analyze the differences in internal marketing, occupational satisfaction, and organizational commitment depending on their age, marital status, career, and income. The relationships among internal marketing, occupational satisfaction, and organizational commitment were analyzed by the path analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that organizational commitment was correlated with age, clinical experiences, and income, but not significantly associated with martial status. Education and training policy, benefit system, and fairness of the internal marketing were influencing factors on occupational satisfaction. These factors were correlated with organizational commitment through occupational satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This study addressed the relationships among nurses' internal marketing, occupational satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Based on the results, it is suggested that hospital organizations introduce more diverse incentive policies to enhance nurses' occupational satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Marital Status ; Marketing ; Motivation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing sexual assertiveness in dating college students. METHODS: With a cross-sectional survey design, 468 college students who have had dating experiences were recruited and answered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe? test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The sexual assertiveness of college students showed significant results: positive correlations with self-assertiveness and negative correlations with traditional sexual attitude, gender role stereotypes. Significant predictors of sexual assertiveness were traditional sexual attitude, gender role stereotypes, and self-assertiveness. These variables explained 37% of the variance in sexual assertiveness. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that it is important to identify and improve communication patterns in relation to sexual assertiveness. There is a need for sex education programs for college students that are relevant and effective.
Assertiveness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Education

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

This dealt with the 23 cases of giant cell tumor of femur and tibia who were treated with curettage and cementation of the lesion, over 14 year period. Cement by virtue of it's heat of polymerization may “sterilize” the wall upto 3-5mm in depth. Authors adoped cement treatment as an effective adjuvant after intra-lesional surgery(curettage). Curettage was indicated in all stage I lesions; most stage 2 and some stage 3 lesions, provided the residual bone stock were sufficient to make it oncologically and mechanically effective. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 14 years(oaverage 8 years and 6 months). The sites of the lesions were proximal tibia in 8, dital femur in 13, proximal femur in one, and distal tibia in one. Among these cases, 3(13.0%) cases(two grade 1 and one grade 2) of stage II(To: active), and 2(8.7%) of stage III(grade 2) (Tl or T2: aggressive). Utmost attention was paid to nulify or to reduce the local seeding of the tumor cell during aggressive curettage, which was followed by electrical cautery of the cavitey wall, and lastly by the cavity obliteration with bone cement. None of the cases had lung metastasis. Only in a stage III GCT case(4.3%) of local recurrence after curettage and bone and artificial bone graft, recurettage and cementation brought the successful outcome. Through this study, it was reconfirmed that with correct indications the use of cement as a local adjuvant in conjuction with curettage was effective method in treating GCT without any side effects.
Cautery ; Cementation ; Curettage ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Hot Temperature ; Lung ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Recurrence ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Virtues

Rotor syndrome is a rare disease of hereditary hyperbilirubinemia transmitted with autosomal recessive trait. In general, Rotor syndrome shows direct hyperbilirubinemia and there has been several reports since Sons's report in 1966, in Korea. A 34-year-old female was admitted with the chief complaint of intermittent icteric sclera for 24 years. There was no family history of jaundice. Rotor syndrome was diagnosed by oral cholecystogram, BSP retention test, 99mTc-DISIDA scan, liver biopsy and electron microscopy study of liver biopsy specimen. We report this case with brief review of the literature.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary* ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Liver ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rare Diseases ; Sclera ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin