No abstract available.
Amnion* ; Cell Line* ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Protein Kinases*

By implementing epoch-making policies for industrial promotion, the national economy has made a remarkable development. As a result of such economic growth, industrial accidents and occupational diseases have become a serious problem in Korean society. In the presidential order for the execution of the Korean Labor Standard Law, neuritis and other diseases stemming from health impairments due to vibrations in industrial processes are designated to be dealt with as vibration diseases. In the case of vibration disease, industrial accident compensation is not effectively paid. In order to investigate the vibration hazards of rock-drill operation, the authors studied the subjective symptoms and performed physical function tests on a total of 79 persons (vibration exposed group) who used rock-drills, and 39 persons (control group) who did not use rock-drills at anthracite mines. The results of the physical function test were as follows : 1. The right hand was more affected by white finger than the left hand. 2. Independent variables such as duration of rock-drill operation, age, drinking and smoking were identified as statistically significant factors for the occurrence of white finger. 3. In the pain sense threshold, the group with Raynaud's phenomenon showed a statistically higher level than that of the control group. 4. The skin temperature of the group with Raynaud's phenomenon was lower than that of the control group. The recovery time of skin temperature after cooling was delayed compared with the value of the control group.
Accidents, Occupational ; Coal* ; Compensation and Redress ; Drinking ; Economic Development ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Neuritis ; Occupational Diseases ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vibration

The carpal injury is difficult to diagnose due to anatomical complexity and the like. So, in order to get radiological knowledge of normal wrist, the authors measured the values which will be described on the wrist PA and lateral roengenogram obtained from 440 normal wrists(male : 188 cases, female : 252 cases) in randomly selected patients. The following results were obtained. l. Ulnar variance(mm±standard deviation): Total 1.1±1.2 : negative variance : 9.3%, positive variance : 56.1%, 2. Scapholunate Gap(mm±standard deviation): Total 0.4±0.7, 3. Ulnar Tilt(degrees±standard deviation): Total 23.6±5.3, 4. Volar Tilt, 5. Carpal height rstio : Total 0.52±0.05 male 0.53±0.04 female 0.51±0.05 : Total 13.1±5.9, 6. Carpal ulnsr distance ratio Total 0.05±0.05, 7. Scapholunate Angle : Total 49.9'±10.1', 8. Capitatolunate Angle Total 17.5'±10.0', 9. Radiolunate Angle Total 8.8'±6.7', 10. Carpal width ratio Total 0.72±0.08 11. Carpal thickness ratio Total 0.49±0.07.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ethanol* ; Metabolism* ; Phenobarbital* ; Rats* ; Trichloroethylene*

The purpose of this study was to compare the hospital charges of long-term and those of short-term inpatients Insured by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance System. This study analysed 1,597 medical bills of injured workers emitted to and discharged from all hospitals in Korea in the period between March 1, 1988 and May 30, 1989. The 308 workers hospitalized for more than 50 hospital days were classified as long-term inpatients, and the others as short-term inpatients. The sampling method employed was 25% systematic sampling. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The average length of stay for long-term inpatients was 95.1 days, and 20.7 days for short-term inpatients, 2. Long-term inpaiients' main diseases were multiple injury and fracture. Fracture of the lower extremities and feet prevailed, 3. Daily hospital charges were higher in the long-term inpatients than in the short-term inpatients. 4. Total charges decreased depending upon hospital grade in the order of general hospital, hospital, and clinic. Daily average hospital charges were the same regardless of hospital grade. 5. The proportions of long-term Inpatients admitted to general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics were 46.1%, 23.4%. and 30.5% respectively, and those of short-term patients were 33.2%, 24.1%, and 42.7% respectively. 6. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the length of hospital stay, hospital grade, treatment results and patient's age were the major determinants of hospital charges.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Compensation and Redress* ; Foot ; Hospital Charges* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance* ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Lower Extremity ; Multiple Trauma

No abstract available.
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Endometrioid* ; Uterus*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitor (AI) for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with thin endometrium, hyper-responsiveness after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 43 PCOS patients (50 cycles) with ovulatory dysfunction between March 2004 and September 2004. AI group (total 36 cycles) included the patients 1) with thin endometrium below 6 mm on hCG day after CC (n=17), 2) with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after 50mg of CC (n=4), 3) who do not want multiple pregnancy (n=14). Patients were treated with Letrozole 2.5mg for days 3 to 7 of the menstrual cycle. CC group (total 14 cycles) were treated with CC 50~100 mg. RESULTS: In PCOS patients, ovulation was occurred 97.2% after AI use. Between AI group and CC group, there was no significant difference in the mean age, duration of infertility, interval of menstruation, basal FSH, prior treatment cycles, and the day of hCG administration. But, the number of mature follicles (> or =15 mm) was lower in the AI group (1.08+/-0.45 vs. 1.64+/-0.75) (p=0.018), and the thickness of endometrium (mm) was significantly thicker in the AI group (10.35+/-1.74 vs. 9.23+/-1.61) (p=0.044), and E2 (pg/ml) concentration on hCG day was lower in the AI group (116.9+/-75.8 vs. 479.5+/-300.8) (p=0.001). Among the AI group, patients with prior thin endometrium (below 6 mm) during CC treatment showed 10.6+/-1.6 mm in the endometrial thickness and 106.6+/-66.8 pg/ml in E2 concentration. Patients with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after CC showed decreased follicle number (1.25+/-0.5) compared to prior CC cycle. CONCLUSIONS: In PCOS patients, AI group showed significantly thicker endometrium, lesser number of mature follicles, and lower E2 concentration on hCG day than CC group. AI might be useful alternative treatment for ovulation induction in PCOS patients with thin endometrium and hyper-responsiveness after CC treatment.
Aromatase* ; Clomiphene* ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Prospective Studies

To investigate how the beverage consumption of middle school students are different in some respects; favorite kinds, drinking time and so on. 579 middle school students in Jeonju were participated in this study. This study shows the frequency of drinking beverage and the correlation between the frequency and the various factors to have effects on the frequency. The students usually drink water 8.55 times, milk or yogurt 3.01 times, sport beverage 2.13 times, soft drink 1.93 times, and fruit and vegetable juice 1.85 times for one week. The boy students prefer more soft or sport drink to the girl students. However the drinking of other beverages such as water, milk, juice, traditional ones don't have any meaningful differences between the boys and the girls. The students drink water mostly when they have meals. And the second consuming beverage is milk at table. It explains the students who drink more milk than water with bread. There is a big difference according to their excercise frequency. The students who excercise regularly or excercise over 3 hours drink more soft or sport drink and milk or yogurt than the students who exercise less than 1 hour. The beverages are firstly needed during the exercise because they sweat. And the second beverage time is when they have snacks and when they take a break. It should be suggested that nutrition education targeted to middle school students and their parents should encourage limited consumption of soft drinks. Therefore, policies that limit students' access to soft drinks at schools should be promoted.
Beverages* ; Bread ; Carbonated Beverages ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Meals ; Milk ; Parents ; Snacks ; Sports ; Sweat ; Vegetables ; Water ; Yogurt

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess hygiene status of meals for poorly-fed children through microbiolo-gical quality. METHODS: Meals were provided by two social enterprises, one franchise, and one convenience store. There were a total of six meal samples; two samples (social enterprise meal 1; SEM 1, social enterprise meal 2; SEM 2) from two social enterprises, respectively, two samples (franchise meal 1; FM 1, franchise meal 2; FM 2) from one franchise, and two samples (convenience store meal 1; CSM 1, convenience store meal 2; CSM 2) from one convenience store. Microbiologi-cal analysis and assessment were performed by Korean food standards codex (KFSC). RESULTS: General bacteria and E. coli in SEM 1 were detected, but the levels were not over KFSC, and Coliform less than 9.2 x 10 CFU/g was also de-tected in seasoned bean sprouts of SEM 1. General bacteria was detected at 1.6 x 10(6) CFU/g in cabbage kimchi of SEM 2. Coliform was detected in cabbage kimchi, squid cutlet, stir-fried pork, and fried chicken of FM1 and 2, but the levels were not over KFSC. In addition, S. aureus was detected in cabbage kimchi and seasoned dried white radish of FM 1 and 2 (9.8 x 10(2) CFU/g, 9.4 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively), thus was over KFSC. B. cereus was detected in stir-fried pork and fried chicken (1.2 x 10(3) CFU/g, 1.5 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively) of FM 1 and 2, thus was over KFSC. Finally, S. aureus was detected in stir-fried dried squid, seasoned spicy chicken, and stir-fried kimchi of CSM 1 and 2, and was over KFSC too (9.5 x 10(4) CFU/g, 2.4 x 10(2) CFU/g, 1.3 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively). CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that systemic management of hygiene is necessary to safely providing meals to poorly-fed children.
Bacteria ; Brassica ; Chickens ; Child* ; Decapodiformes ; Humans ; Hygiene* ; Meals* ; Raphanus ; Seasons